1、. 你的首選資源互助社區Unit 3Understanding each other重點單詞【1】 difference n. 差異點，不同之處Could you explain to me the differences between British English and American English?你能給我解釋一下英式英語和美式英語的區別嗎？There is not much difference in colour.在顏色上沒有多大差別。Whether he comes or not will not make a big difference.他來與不來將沒有什么很大的影響。

2、(1)differ v.不同；不一樣；有區別 (from)Our customs differ from those in America.我們的風俗習慣與美國不一樣。有異議，有分歧 (over/about/on )The designers differed over how to solve the problem.設計者們對怎樣解決問題有分歧。(2)different adj. 不同的，有差異的My invention is quite different from his.我的發明和他的很不一樣。I am sorry that what I have said _ him.A. has

3、 no difference onB. makes no difference toC. differsD. makes difference toB根據I am sorry可知句意為“我說的話沒有起作用”。make (no) difference to對(沒)有作用/影響。 【2】 celebration n. 慶祝，慶典His success deserves a huge celebration.他的成功值得大大地慶祝一下。in celebration of慶祝My mother promised me that she would hold a party in celebration

4、 of my birthday.媽媽答應我會舉行一個派對來慶祝我的生日。celebrate v. 慶祝，贊頌On October 1st, we celebrate our National Day.在10月1日，我們慶祝國慶節。This is a movie celebrating the life and work of Martin Luther King.這是一部頌揚馬丁·路德·金生平事跡的影片。celebrate, congratulatecelebrate的意思是“慶祝生日/節日/勝利/成功等事件”，其后不接人或that從句充當賓語。congratulate表示

5、“慶賀”時，常構成句型congratulate sb. on (doing) sth.The authors are to be congratulated on producing such a clear and authoritative work.向創作出這樣一部具有權威性又清晰易懂的作品的作者們祝賀。congratulation n. 慶賀。口語中常用Congratulations！以表示對他人的慶賀。The three sisters decided to hold a family party to _ their parents' silver wedding.A. c

6、elebrate B. memorizeC. congratulate D. welcome A表示對“生日/節日”等的慶賀用celebrate。 【3】 participate vi. 參與；參加某活動，相當于 take part in 或 join in。participate in competitions/ discussions/ activities, etc.參加競賽/討論/活動等She is active in participating in social activities.她在社交方面很活躍。participation n. 參加，參與participant n. 參加

7、者一共有多少支足球隊參加了2010年的世界杯？_她沒有參與討論。_How many football teams have participated in the 2010 World Cup?She didn't participate in the discussion.【4】adjust vt.調整，調節，順應You can adjust the desk to the height of any child.這張桌子可以配合小孩的身高進行調整。adjust oneself to 使某人自己適應于adjust to 適應，調節Adjust your language to the

8、 age of your audience.要根據聽眾的年齡使用相應的語言。adjustment n. 調整，適應I've made a few adjustments to the design.我已對設計作了幾處調整。He soon _ himself to the way of life and has lived happily ever since.A. arranged B. adjustedC. admitted D. avoidedB句意：他很快地適應了那種生活方式，從此快樂地生活在那里了。 【5】 contact n. & v. 接觸，交往，聯系；與聯系I d

9、on't have much contact with my uncle.我和叔叔聯系甚少。How can I contact you while I am in New York?我在紐約怎么和你聯絡？in contact with 與接觸out of/lose contact 聯系不上eye contact 眼神的交流contact sb. at(撥打電話或給某個地址發郵件等)與取得聯系Thanks to the cellphones, we can now _ with each other wherever we are.A. be in contactB. be out of

10、 contactC. lose contactD. in contactA根據句子的意思可知是“我們能相互之間聯系得上/保持聯系”。 【6】 habit n. 習慣，習性It's not easy to get rid of a bad habit.要拋棄一個壞的習慣還是相當的不容易的。be in the habit of doing sth. 有做的習慣by habit (out of habit) 出于習慣break the habit of doing 改掉的習慣fall/get into the habit of doing sth. 養成做的習慣make a habit of

11、 doing 經常做It's all right to borrow money occasionally, but don't _.偶爾借點錢倒沒關系，但不要養成習慣。I'm not _ letting strangers into my apartment.我不習慣讓陌生人進我家。I'm trying to _ staying up too late.我正試圖改掉熬夜的習慣。let it become a habitin the habit ofbreak the habit of【7】 request n. 請求，要求的事物 v請求，要求They made

12、 a request for further aid.他們要求再給一些幫助。She requested permission to film at the White House.她申請允許在白宮拍攝。by request 依照，要求in request 需要的on request 應要求at one's request 應某人的要求He was there _.他按照經理的請求到了那里。The writer's name was withheld _.按照作者的要求，姓名不予公布。Catalogues are available _.目錄可以索取。at the request

13、 of his manager/at his managers requestby requeston request【8】 wrap vt. 包，裹He spent the evening wrapping up the Christmas presents.他花了一晚上的時間把圣誕禮物都包了起來。be wrapped up in sb./sth. 專心致志于；全神貫注于wrap sth. up 圓滿成功，順利結束 That just about wraps it up for today.這就差不多給今天畫了個圓滿的句號。 I _ in a blanket.I _ the baby. 我用

14、毯子把嬰兒裹了起來。wrapped the baby upwrapped a blanket around 【1】the same(in the same way; similarly)一樣地The paintings may look the same, but one's a forgery.這些畫也許看起來一樣，但其中有一幅是假的。(1)(the) same adj. & adv. 相同的(地)，一樣的(地)；通常和as連用。He has the same experiences as I.他和我有著同樣的經歷。He gave me five dollars, same

15、as usual.和平時一樣，他給了我5美元。(2)當定語從句的先行詞被the same修飾后，若前后指的是同一物，則用the samethat的句型；若只是類比，并不指同一物，則用the sameas的句型。I am using the same dictionary (that) I used yesterday. (同一物)I have the same dictionary as you bought yesterday. (不指同一物，有兩本字典)I couldn't find the same house _ he referred to, for everyone loo

16、ked just the same.A. as B. likeC. that D. whichC本空白處引導的是一個定語從句，先行詞house受到了the same的修飾，且指同一物，用that引導。【2】 when it comes to 涉及，談到When it comes to repairing the computer, I know nothing.當談到計算機修理時，我一無所知。come to 停下來；(指想法、主意)被某人想出；達到(某狀況，尤指壞的局面)；(指錢、財產等)作為遺產送給或留給某人Mother waved to us to come to.媽媽揮手讓我們停下來。I

17、t suddenly came to me that he used to be a thief.我突然想起來他曾經是個小偷。Things have to come to such a state that I have never imagined.事情到了我從來沒有想象到的地步。The company came to him when his uncle died.叔父死后，這個公司就是他的了。After two days of unconsciousness in the hospital, he came to himself at last.在醫院里失去知覺兩天后，他終于蘇醒過來。A

18、lthough he knows little about the large number of experiments done in the field, _ working experience, nobody equals him here.A. when it arrives atB. when getting toC. when it comes toD. but when it comes to今年我的收入達到了10萬美元。_C前面有although，空白處不需要用but，表示“當談及時”，用when it comes to。My income this year came t

19、o $100,000.【3】 be to do with 和有關( haveto do with have a connection with)My topic is to do with how to prevent A/H1N1 flu.我的話題與怎樣預防甲型H1N1有關。His failure is to do with his poor health.他的失敗與他身體不好有關。(1) be to do指按計劃/常理等“將要”、“勢必會”。You are to succeed, I am sure.我敢肯定，你一定會成功的。You are to return the books to t

20、he library by Friday.你得在星期五之前把書歸還到圖書館。(2) be to have done本計劃(但事實上未能實現)I was to have flown to Paris last week, but something happened and I had to stay.我本計劃上星期飛往巴黎，但有事發生，我只得留下來。His job _ nothing to do with what he studied in the university.A. has B. isC. has to D. is toAhave nothing to do with/have n

21、o connection with與沒有關系。 【4】 give out 釋放；散發；分發He has refused to give out any information on the matter.他已拒絕發表有關此事的任何消息。The rotten eggs give out a bad smell.那些腐壞的蛋發出一股臭味。give sth. back 將某事物歸還原主；恢復，回復give away 贈送；分發(獎品等)；讓與；泄露，暴露give up 放棄；投案；投降give over 交托；移交；交出give (sth.) off 發出，放出(煙，氣味，光線等)give in 屈

22、服，讓步，投降；呈交This fire doesn't seem to be giving _ much heat.The authorities showed no signs of giving _ to the kidnapper's demands.The doctors had given her _ but she made a remarkable recovery.The news of the President's death was given _ in a radio broadcast.The expression on her face ga

23、ve her _.offinupoutaway【5】 belong to 屬于；歸所有。表示事物存在的狀態，to是介詞，其后接代詞或名詞類詞組及從句等，表示所歸屬的對象。belong和to不能分開來用，并且沒有被動語態和進行時態。I don't know whom the toy car belongs to.我不知道這玩具汽車是誰的。He was only a year older than me but seemed to belong to a different generation.他只比我大一歲但似乎是不同代的人 belong with 表示“和在一起”；belong in

24、表示“適合待在(某處)”。A child belongs with its mother.孩子應該和母親在一起。You don't belong in the beginners' class.你不適合在初級班。My mother keeps telling me that the future _ to the hardworking people.A. belongs B. is belongedC. is belonging D. will be belonged Abelong to沒有被動語態和進行時態。【6】 hunt for 尋找，搜尋We've been

25、 hunting for the lost boy all over.我們一直在找那個失蹤的男孩。look for 尋找search for 尋找in search of 尋找in one's search for 尋找She is still _ a new job.她還在找新工作。Detectives _ thieves who broke into a warehouse yesterday. 偵探正在追蹤昨天盜竊倉庫的竊賊。hunting forare hunting for 【1】 Well, if you had joined the chat room ten minut

26、es ago, you would have known what we were talking about! 嗯，如果你早10分鐘進入聊天室的話，就知道我們在談論什么了！這是一個與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句，從句中的謂語動詞用過去完成時，主句中的謂語動詞用would現在完成時。虛擬語氣是用來表示說話人的愿望、假設、猜測或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實。虛擬語氣需要通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。當我們要表示與過去的事實相反的假設時，條件狀語從句的謂語動詞用“would(should, could, might)have過去分詞”。If you had taken my advice, you w

27、ouldn't have failed in the exam.如果你當時聽從我的勸告的話，你就不會在考試中失敗了。If it had snowed, I would have skied in the park.如果下雪的話，我就可以在公園里滑雪了。_ she couldn't understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What; why B. That; whatC. What; because D. Why; thatA前一空表示“她不理解的(東西)”用what引

28、導主語從句；第二空是由why引導的表語從句，含有“為什么會產生這種現象”之意。【2】 Whatever the reason, research shows that in the end, the English saying Laughter is the best medicine' may be true after all.無論什么原因，最后研究顯示，英國諺語“笑是最好的良藥”也許是真的。這是一個復合句，其中含有一個whatever 引導的讓步狀語從句，reason 后面省略了is，另外that引導一個賓語從句。whatever主要有下列句型：(1)whatever表示“無論

29、什么”、“凡是的”、“不管什么”，作代詞用時，通常引導主語從句、賓語從句或引導的從句作賓語補足語。Whatever we see must be noted down.我們必須把看到的一切都記下來。(主語從句)You may do whatever you like.你愛干什么就干什么。(賓語從句)We'll make her whatever she is fit for.她適合干什么，我們就培養她干什么。(賓語補足語)(2)whatever表示“無論什么”、“不管什么”時，還可作形容詞用，用于名詞前。You may read whatever book your teacher r

30、ecommended.你可以讀你老師推薦的任何一本書。(3)whatever表示“無論什么”、“不管什么”時，還可引導讓步狀語從句，相當于no matter what。Whatever you do, do it well.無論干什么，都要把它干好。(1)非真實條件句主從句的謂語動詞形式如下：類型非真實條件從句主句與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣主語動詞過去式(bewere)主語should/would/could/might動詞原形與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣主語had過去分詞主語should/would/could/might have動詞過去分詞與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣主語動詞過去式/should動

31、詞原形/were to動詞原形主語would/should/could/might動詞原形(2)錯綜時間條件句中的虛擬語氣即當非真實條件句中表示的行為與主句表示的行為所發生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間作出相應的調整。If we hadn't been working hard in the past few years(過去), things wouldn't be so smoothly now(現在)要是我沒有過去幾年的勤奮工作，那事情就不會有現在這樣平穩順利了。If you had worked hard yesterday(過去), you would

32、 be tired now(現在)如果你昨天工作很辛苦的話，那你現在就會很疲勞的。【重點提示】如果非真實條件虛擬句中含有were/had/should，有時可把if省略，將were/had/should提至主語之前，亦為倒裝句；否定形式的not不可提到主語前。Were I (If I were) twenty now, I would join the army.如果我現在20歲，我就參軍了。Had you not told me the matter, I should never have known the whole thing.如果你不告訴我那件事，那我是決不會知道整個事件的。如何增

33、加亮點()要想把一篇文章寫好、寫完美，并列句、復合句的使用固然給文章潤色不少，但是高效詞匯和復雜句型的使用更能給文章增加亮點。具體說來，可以嘗試以下方法： 1. 交叉使用長句與短句根據實際情況在文章中交替使用長句與短句，使文章顯得錯落有致，這樣不僅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章讀起來鏗鏘有力。 例中午我們在太陽下吃野餐。休息一會兒后，我們唱歌的唱歌，跳舞的跳舞，還有的講故事、下棋，大家玩得很開心。一般句At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.優秀句At noon we had a picnic lun