1、動詞不定式考點動詞不定式考點一、考查動詞不定式的基本構成l試題精選l1. My mother often asks me_ _early. (2003年北京)lA. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get upl2. The teacher told her students _in public. (2003年黑龍江)lA. not to shout B. didnt shout C. not shout D. to not shoutDA考點分析動詞不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式,不受人稱和數的變化限制,它由“不定式符號(to)+動詞原形動詞原形”構

2、成。其否定式常在to前加not或never構成,句型ask/tell sb. （not） to do sth.是中考命題的熱點。二、考查動詞不定式作主語 l試題精選l1._is difficult to work on the Great Wall. (2002年甘肅省)lA. this B. It C. That D. Itsl2. Its nice_you_me with my maths. (2002年深圳市)lA. for; to help B. for; helpinglC. of; to help D. of; helping BCl考點分析動詞不定式作主語時,常用it作為形式主語

3、,而將不定式后置。如要說明動詞不定式的動作的執行者,可在不定式前加一個介詞for引導的短語;但如果表語是kind, nice, clever等描述動作執行者的性格。品質的形容詞時,則應在不定式前加一個of引導的短語,而不可用for引導的短語。lIts +adj+for sb to do sth . l Its nice (kind ,clever )of sb to do sth三、考查動詞不定式作賓語l試題精選試題精選l1. They decided _at the end of this month. (2002年濟南市年濟南市)lA. to leave B. goinglC. trave

4、l D. not start outl2. All of us found _difficult to work out the maths problem.lA. what B. that C. which D. it l3. Please stop _a rest if you feel tired. (2002年南寧市年南寧市)lA. to have B. havinglC. have D. hasADA考點分析一些動詞,如decide, hope, ask等,常接動詞不定式作賓語。當動詞不定式作賓語時,如果后接賓語補足語,常用it作形式賓語,而把真正的賓語放在賓語補足語之后,其句型結構

5、為:主語+謂語+it+賓語補足語+動詞不定式(短語)?特別是,有些動詞(短語)后面可接動詞不定式作賓語,又可接動名詞作賓語,但所表達的意義不同,對此,應該弄清楚它們的區別。常見的這類動詞(短語)有:remember/forget to do sth.記住/忘記要做某事;remember/forget doing sth.記得/忘記曾做過某事?stop to do sth.停下來(正在做的事)去做另一件事;stop doing sth.停止正在做的事。go on to do sth.做完一件事后,繼續做另一件事;go on doing sth.繼續做某事。四、考查動詞不定式作定語l試題精選l1.

6、 Theres enough bird food _for a month. (2001年山西省)lA. to last B. lastC. lasts D. lastedl2. She has no paper_. (2001年重慶市)lA. to write B. to write with C. write on D. to write on ADl考點分析動詞不定式作后置定語時,與被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系。若動詞不定式是不及物動詞時,則要帶上與之搭配的介詞,構成及物動詞短語。動詞不定式作后置定語,常用于have+某事+to do或enough+名詞+to do結構中。五、考查動詞

7、不定式作賓語補足語l1. Mother asked me _some fruit after supper. A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to buyl2. Let him _a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk. (2003年濟南市年濟南市)lA. have B. gets C. to take D. hasl3. It was raining heavily outside. The father made the children _in the room. (2003年桂林市年桂林市)l

8、A. to stay B. stay C. staying D. stayedl4.-I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhangs home just now.l-Yes, she is often seen _the old man with his housework. (2003年呼和浩特市年呼和浩特市)lA. help B. to helpC. helps D. helpedDABB考點分析有些動詞,如teach, want, tell等可接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,即構成teach/want/tell sb. to do sth.結構。但是,動詞不定式作使役

9、動詞及感官動詞的賓語補足語時應省去to。這些動詞可歸納為一感(feel),二聽(listen to, hear),三讓(let, have和make),四看(look at, see, watch, notice)。;在動詞help后面作賓語補足語時,to可有可無。注意:以上省略to的動詞不定式,在被動語態中都必須加上to,但let不能用于被動語態。特殊情況：特殊情況：1. had better (not) do sth.2.help sb. (to )do sth.3.make let sb. do sth.4.see hear watch sb. do sth.*see hearwatch

10、 sb. doing sth.l 例句：例句：l1、你最好不要吸煙。lYou had better not smoke.l2、我們經常幫她提水。We often help her (to) carry water.l3、他老是使我發笑。lHe always makes me laugh.l4、我經常聽見他唱歌。lI often hear him sing.六、考查動詞不定式作狀語l1. Yesterday morning I got up earlyl_be late for the exam. (2002年上海市)lA. in order to B. in order to not lC.

11、so as not to D. so as tol2. Lets _so as not _late for the meeting.lA. to hurry, to B. to hurry, to be lC. hurry, to be D. hurry, beCCl考點分析動詞不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動詞,表示目的,也可以表示結果或原因。為了強調目的,有時可以把動詞不定式放在句首,或在不定式前面加in order或so as。如果不定式為否定形式,要用in order not to.或so as not to.。七、考查連接代(副)詞+動詞不定式結構的用法l1. Theres no diff

12、erence between the two words. I really dont know_. (2003年河南年河南)lA. what to choose B. which to chooselC. to choose which D. to choose whatl2. The students of Class One will spend their winter holiday in Shenzhen, but the students of Class Two havent decided_. (2003年廣東省年廣東省)lA. what to buy B. how to g

13、olC. where to go D. which to choosel3._the computer is a problem.lA. How to use B. What to uselC. Which to use D. Where to useBCAl考點分析在英語中有些動詞,如ask, decide, tell, know等后可接疑問代(副)詞+動詞不定式作賓語,以此對賓語從句進行簡化。注意:進行簡化的條件是主句中的主語和從句的主語必須是同一人稱。此外,動詞不定式還可以和what, where, how, when, which等連接代詞(副詞)連用,在句中作主語。八、考查固定句式中

14、動詞不定式的用法l試題精選l1. -You look rather tired ._stop to take a rest? l-All right. But Ill have to work for a few more minutes. (2002年呼和浩特市)lA. Why not B. Do you lC. What about D. How aboutl2. The TV set is too loud. Will you please_? (2002年哈爾濱市)lA. turn down it B. turn it downlC. to turn it down D. to tur

15、n down itABl考點分析各地中考試題在固定句式中對動詞不定式的考查常見的有:had better (not) do sth.意為最好(不)做某事。Why not do sth.?意為為什么不做。Will/Would you please (not) do sth.。意為請你(不要)好嗎。鞏固練習單項選擇。 l1. Youd better _your coat. Its cold outside.lA. put on B. to put on C. putting on D. puts onl 2. We began _English five years ago.lA. learn B

16、. learned C. to learn D. to be learnedl 3. The Frenchman didnt know _this word in Chinese.lA. how to tell B. how saylC. how to say D. how talkl4. His mother made him_ _the floor every day.lA. sweeps B. to sweepC. sweeping D. sweeplACCDl5. She was heard _an English song in her room last night.lA. sin

17、g B. sang C. to sing D. singingl6. Peter asked me _him with his chemistry.lA. help B. helping C. helped D. to helpl7. It is good for us _morning exercises.lA. do B. to do C. did D. doneCDBl8. The teacher told us _in bed.lA. dont read B. read not lC. to not read D. not to readl9. Its too early. Why _a rest with us?lA. not have B. not havinglC. not to have D. didnt havel10. The old woman was_ angry _say a word.lA. so, that B. as, aslC. too, to D very, toDAC總結：一般情況下當句中第二次出現動詞的時候用to