1、商務(wù)英語(yǔ)詞匯翻譯Translation of words in Business English Translation 商務(wù)英語(yǔ)性質(zhì)與特點(diǎn)商務(wù)英語(yǔ)性質(zhì)與特點(diǎn) 1. 1. 用詞正式、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、準(zhǔn)確用詞正式、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、準(zhǔn)確 construe; interim; grant; levy; utilize 2. 2. 常用縮略詞、外來(lái)詞、古體詞常用縮略詞、外來(lái)詞、古體詞 YR TLX 28 TH RCVD; VC; B/L; POD; L/C; F.O.B herewith; herein; hereunder; hereof; hereby 3. 3. 句法復(fù)雜，多介詞、被動(dòng)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、從句等句法復(fù)雜，

2、多介詞、被動(dòng)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、從句等 商務(wù)英語(yǔ)翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)商務(wù)英語(yǔ)翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) faithfulness, exactness, consistency, fluency解釋；解釋；臨時(shí)；臨時(shí)；提供，讓渡財(cái)產(chǎn)提供，讓渡財(cái)產(chǎn)征收，征稅；征收，征稅；利用利用 試論英漢詞義的差異（劉宓慶1980） 靈活之英語(yǔ)詞匯靈活之英語(yǔ)詞匯 Words do not have meanings; people have meanings for words. (Eric Partridge) 獨(dú)立性較小，含義廣泛：man 嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)之漢語(yǔ)詞匯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)之漢語(yǔ)詞匯 約定俗成 正名言實(shí)。 荀子荀子正名篇正名篇 雙音節(jié)詞受合力制約，不易變

3、通：人民；開(kāi)端英語(yǔ)詞匯多義性與翻譯之難 一名之立，旬月踟躕。 嚴(yán)復(fù)嚴(yán)復(fù)STORY 故事？故事？【1】This war is becoming the most important story of this generation.這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)已成為這一代人的最重大的事件事件。【2】Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story.有些沒(méi)有參加那次會(huì)議的記者把內(nèi)情內(nèi)情捅出去了。【3】Hell be very happy if that story holds up.如果這話這話當(dāng)真，那他太高興了。【4】A youn

4、g man came to Scottis office with a story.一個(gè)年輕人來(lái)到斯科特的辦公室報(bào)案報(bào)案。【5】The story about him became smaller and faded out from the American television by and by.報(bào)道中對(duì)他的渲染渲染減少了，不久他就從美國(guó)電視上銷聲匿跡。漢英詞匯意義的變遷 英語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)：snowballing Nice （古法語(yǔ)foolish or silly） foolish wanton strange lazy coy modest fastidious refined precis

5、e subtle slender critical attentive minutely accurate dainty appetizing agreeable pleasant Jet; shuttle; yawn; remote The point is, dont try to total the guys that overweight you by far. 漢語(yǔ)：因形見(jiàn)義漢語(yǔ)：因形見(jiàn)義 差距；回收；導(dǎo)游；蹲點(diǎn)；試點(diǎn)；雙職工；成活率英譯漢常用手段英譯漢常用手段 1. 1. 引申引申 （具體 概括化、一般化的詞）For the next month or two Kissinger

6、focused on these concerns and others.concern（關(guān)注、重視、擔(dān)心、焦慮）問(wèn)題 2. 2. 揉合揉合 （擴(kuò)大漢語(yǔ)詞義范圍）Detente is an aspiration of Western policy, not a political reality.aspiration (愿望、欲望、期望、心愿、抱負(fù)、理想、志向) 企望 3. 3. 融合融合 （靈活變通漢語(yǔ)句式，求神似）It can be said for his justification that he had to give up when any advice he gave her c

7、auses nothing but back talk.憑心而論，他也只好就此罷休，因?yàn)槊看嗡o她提意見(jiàn)，她就頂回去。What can easily be seen in his poems are his imagery and originality, power and range.他的詩(shī)形象生動(dòng)，獨(dú)具一格，而且氣勢(shì)磅礴，這是顯而易見(jiàn)的。英譯漢常用手段 4. 4. 拆譯拆譯 （解析化滯，靈活安排）The Western powers would once again have gladly escaped the Soviet initiative.西方國(guó)家本來(lái)可以再次避開(kāi)蘇聯(lián)的倡議，那

8、樣以來(lái)他們就比現(xiàn)在愜意自如了。 5. 5. 增補(bǔ)增補(bǔ) （補(bǔ)窄就寬）【1】作形容詞用的名詞sanitation cops 保護(hù)環(huán)境衛(wèi)生的警察（美國(guó)）attention span 上課（開(kāi)會(huì)）時(shí)參加者能集中注意力的時(shí)限appointment secretary 負(fù)責(zé)安排日程的秘書【2】在表意上具有特殊色彩的詞devour 狼吞虎咽似的吃； sip 一小口一小口地喝（茶、咖啡等）【3】抽象名詞 oneness 一體狀態(tài)； darkness 一團(tuán)漆黑【4】合成詞autome （automobile + home）流動(dòng)住宅車商務(wù)英語(yǔ)詞匯特點(diǎn)及翻譯概述 商務(wù)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)詞匯商務(wù)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)詞匯premium (保

9、險(xiǎn)費(fèi)); indemnities (賠償); tenacy (房屋出租); lease of property(財(cái)產(chǎn)出租); 普通詞匯在商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中的意義及用法普通詞匯在商務(wù)英語(yǔ)中的意義及用法composition (和解); appreciation of money (貨幣升值); break-even point(保本點(diǎn)); royalty(提成費(fèi)); lot (票（貨物）); distribution(銷售); dump(傾銷); aquire(收購(gòu)); hornor vt.(支付)；accept(兌現(xiàn)); 一詞多義現(xiàn)象一詞多義現(xiàn)象margin (利潤(rùn)；押金；保證金); discount

10、 (打折；貼現(xiàn)；貼水)P21articles (商品；條款)turnover (營(yíng)業(yè)額；證券成交額；（貨物）流動(dòng)，吞吐；人員更換率)p25 如何正確理解商英詞匯意義？如何正確理解商英詞匯意義？漢英文化差異與翻譯策略漢英文化差異與翻譯策略 語(yǔ)境在所有翻譯中都是最重要的因素，其重要性大于任何法規(guī)、任何理論、任何基本詞義。 Newmark 意義對(duì)等意義對(duì)等（忌望文生義）(E-C)black tea (紅茶); golden sugar(赤砂糖)；brown sugar(紅糖); black coffee(濃咖啡); strong tea(濃茶); 功能對(duì)等功能對(duì)等（考慮到其接受性）(C-E)雙羊v.

11、s. goats; 白貓v.s.cat；白象v.s. white elephant 藍(lán)天v.s. blue sky好馬不吃回頭草 兔子不吃窩邊草 天涯何處無(wú)芳草 Dont fish the fish you let go. Dont fish in your neighbors pond. Shes not the only fish in the ocean.漢英不同的表達(dá)習(xí)慣大雪heavy snow (而不習(xí)慣說(shuō)big snow)紅茶black tea (而不習(xí)慣說(shuō)red tea)紅糖brown sugar (而不習(xí)慣說(shuō)red sugar)濃茶strong tea (而不習(xí)慣說(shuō)thick

12、tea)喝湯eat soup (而不習(xí)慣說(shuō)drink soup)丟臉lose face (而不習(xí)慣說(shuō)lose ones face)發(fā)脾氣lose temper (而不習(xí)慣說(shuō)lose ones temper)露一手show a hand (而不習(xí)慣說(shuō)show ones hand)紅眼病green-eyed (而不習(xí)慣說(shuō)red-eyed)減肥lose weight (而不習(xí)慣說(shuō)lose ones weight)闖紅燈run a red light (而不習(xí)慣說(shuō)through a red light)不論晴雨rain or shine 而不習(xí)慣說(shuō)(whether) shine or rain近三年t

13、he past three years (而不習(xí)慣說(shuō)the latest three years) 所以，東南西北要說(shuō)成north，south，east and west商務(wù)英漢翻譯技巧探索商務(wù)英漢翻譯技巧探索 直譯直譯（Literal Translation）（理解原文詞義）We spent five hundred dollars on travelling, and a like sum on books.我們旅行花費(fèi)了五百美元，買書也花費(fèi)了同樣多的錢。Share prices moved ahead today.股票價(jià)格今日上揚(yáng)。 意譯意譯（Free Translation）（表達(dá)：引

14、申）We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.我們堅(jiān)持主張國(guó)際貿(mào)易不應(yīng)是有來(lái)無(wú)往。And now for the good news: Stockholm residents enjoy sunbathing in November. Antarctic tourism is booming. Siberia has become the worlds breadbasket.這是令人慶幸的消息：斯德哥爾摩居民十一月尚能享日光浴，南極的旅游業(yè)日趨興旺，西伯利亞成了世界糧倉(cāng)。表達(dá)：詞類轉(zhuǎn)化表達(dá)：詞類轉(zhuǎn)化 英

15、語(yǔ)作為英語(yǔ)作為屈折語(yǔ)屈折語(yǔ)(fusional language)liberalization; payment; schematically; simplicity; meticulously 動(dòng)詞化漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞化漢語(yǔ)Before the payment of these tariffs, the imported goods will be in the custody of the customs and storage charges are for the importers account.交關(guān)稅前，進(jìn)口貨物由海關(guān)保管，存儲(chǔ)費(fèi)由出口商負(fù)擔(dān)。（名-動(dòng)）We should advise yo

16、u to get in touch with them for your requirements.建議你方與他們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系，洽購(gòu)所需商品。（介-動(dòng)）It was clear that they had no desire for cooperation.很清楚他們沒(méi)有合作的誠(chéng)意。（形-動(dòng)）The new type of machine is shown schematically in Figure 1.圖一所示是這種新型及其的簡(jiǎn)圖。（副-名）補(bǔ)充詞匯 price term world / international market price 國(guó)際市場(chǎng)價(jià)格 FOB (free on board

17、) 離岸價(jià) C&F (cost and freight) 成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)價(jià) CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸價(jià) freight 運(yùn)費(fèi) wharfage 碼頭費(fèi) landing charges 卸貨費(fèi) customs duty 關(guān)稅 port dues 港口稅 import surcharge 進(jìn)口附加稅 import variable duties 進(jìn)口差價(jià)稅 commission 傭金 return commission 回傭，回扣 price including commission 含傭價(jià) net price 凈價(jià) wholesale price 批發(fā)價(jià) discount / allowance 折扣 retail price 零售價(jià) spot price 現(xiàn)貨價(jià)格 current price 現(xiàn)行價(jià)格 / 時(shí)價(jià) indicative price 參考價(jià)格 customs valuation 海關(guān)估價(jià) price list 價(jià)目表 total value 總值翻譯工具翻譯工具 1知識(shí)詞典：http:/ 2CNKI翻譯助手：http