1、新概念一語(yǔ)法總結(jié)（上）一.時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)。含有be動(dòng)詞的句子He is a teacher.The girlis verybeautiful.Tim and Jack are stude nts.變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girlverybeautiful?Are Tim and Jack stude nts?變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girlisnotvery

2、beautiful.Tim and Jackarenotstude nts.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he is.No,he isnot.Yes, she is.No,sheis n ot.Yes, they are.No, they are not不含有動(dòng)詞的句子,即含有一般動(dòng)詞的句子第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞Helikesbooks.Shelikeshim.Thedoglikesbones.變疑問(wèn)句在句首加 does,動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵虳oeshelikebooks?Doesshelikehim?Doesthedoglikebon es?變否定句在主語(yǔ)及動(dòng)詞之間加doesn ' t,動(dòng)詞變

3、為原型He doesn' t like books.She doesn' t like him.The dog doesn' t likebones.肯定回答及否定回答：Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn't.Yes, she does. No, she doesn' tYes,itdoes.No,itdoesn't.注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動(dòng)詞后面加S,不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問(wèn)句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒(méi)有任何變化。其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The stude nt

4、slike smart teachers.變疑問(wèn)句在句首加 doDoyouwanttohave a bath?Dowehaveanymeat?Dothestude ntslike smart teachers?變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加don' t.Youdon' t want tohavea bath.Wedon' t have anymeat.Thestude ntsdon' tlikesmart teachers肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I do. No, Idon' t.Yes,we do. No, we don'tYes,they do

5、. No,theydon' t.2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+ be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其它成分（現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成見附錄）We arehavinglunch.He isreadinga book.The dog is running aftera cat.The boys areswimmi ng across the river.變疑冋句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Are we hav inglun ch?Is he readi nga book?Is the dog running aftera cat?Are the boysswimmi ng across the r

6、iver?變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notWe are nothavinglunch.He is notreadinga book.The dog is not running aftera cat.The boys areswimmi ng across the river.特殊疑問(wèn)句： what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞What are you doing?What is she doi ng?What is the dog doing?（必背）沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)仃的動(dòng)作1.表示感覺(jué)，感

7、官的詞see, hear, like,love, want,2. have, has當(dāng)”擁有”講時(shí)沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)3.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday, lastni ght,the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式，am, is的過(guò)去式為 was, are的過(guò)去式為I was at the butcher ' s.You were a studenta year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.變疑問(wèn)句將

8、be動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首Were you at the butcher ' s?Were you a studenta year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notI was not at the butcher ' s.You were not a studenta year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答Yes,I was. No, Iwas not.Yes,you were. No, you w

9、ere not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑問(wèn)句：What did you do?（必背）不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式，動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式構(gòu)成見附錄wereTheboy wenttoarestaura nt.TheSawyerslivedat King Streetayear ago.KingStreetayearago.變疑冋句在句首加did ,動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵虳id you fin ishyourhomework yesterday?Did the boy gotoa restaura nt?I finishedmy homework yes

10、terday.Did the Sawyers live at King Streeta year ago?King Streeta yearago?變否定句在主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞之間加did notI did not finishmy homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaura nt.The Sawyers did not live at King Streeta year ago.KingStreetayearago.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I did.No,Ididn't.Yes,he did.No,he didn't.Y

11、es,they did. No,theydidn ot.4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞have,has+過(guò)去分詞用法：1）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just, usually, already, since等時(shí)間副詞連用I have just had lunch.（飽了，不用再吃了 ）He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）They have already had their holiday.（不能再度假了）The boy has already read the book.（已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了）2）詢問(wèn)別人是否做過(guò)某事一般用現(xiàn)在完

12、成時(shí)：Have you fini shedyour homework?Have you bee n toBeijin g?Have he see n thefilm?3）表示開始于過(guò)去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作I have lived in Beiji ng for twenty years.Ihaveworkedfor this schoolfor 1 year.4）表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過(guò)地方，做過(guò)事情，經(jīng)歷過(guò)事情Ihaven everhada bath.Ihaven eversee n a film.I have n ever bee n tocin ema.I have ever bee n

13、toParis.Have been to 表示去過(guò)，have gone to 表示去了Ihavebee ntoLon do n.（人已經(jīng)回來(lái)）He hasgonetoLondon.（人還在那里）5）表示一種結(jié)果，一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用Ihavelostmypen.Ihavehurtmyself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型變化：變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加n ot.e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I hav

14、e. No, I have not.特殊疑問(wèn)句：What have you done?What has he done?一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：凡是有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子為過(guò)去時(shí)注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用錯(cuò)：I ' ve leftBeijingfor 3 days.對(duì)：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.5. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常和tomorrow, n ext year, the day after to

15、morrow, the year after the n ext, in five'time, etc. 表示將來(lái)的詞聯(lián)用結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形hoursI will go to America tomorrow.Thepilotwillfly to Japa n the month afterthe n ext.Jackwillmove into his new house tomorrowmorni ng.變疑冋句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首Willyou go to America tomorrow?Willthe pilotfly to Japa n the month a

16、fterthen ext?WillJack move into his new house tomorrowmorning?變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加notI willnot go to America tomorrow.Thepilotwillnot fly toJapa nthe monthafter then ext.Jackwillnot move in tohis new house tomorrow morni ng肯定回答及否定回答Yes,I will.No, I willn ot.Yes,he/she will.No, he/she willnot.Yes,he will.No,

17、he willn ot.特殊疑問(wèn)句：Whatwillyou do?6. 過(guò)去兀成時(shí)：用法:在過(guò)去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu):had+過(guò)去分詞Aftershe had fini shedher homework, she went shopp ing.Theyhad sold the car before I asked theprice.Thetrainhad leftbefore I arrivedat thestati on.After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號(hào)，如果放在主句后則不用加。變疑問(wèn)句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首Hadshe

18、fini shedher homework?變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加notShehadn' tfinishedher homework.肯定回答及否定回答Yes,she had. No, she hadn' t.特殊疑問(wèn)句:What had she done?7.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+do ingWhenmyhusband wasgoing intothedi ningroom thismorning, he dropped someonthefloor.Whilewewere havi ngdinner,myfatherwaswatch ingTV.表示過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行

19、的動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常用在whe n,過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)8.while, as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中。coins結(jié)構(gòu):Shewould dosaid she would特殊句型：there1. Be goi ng to 結(jié)構(gòu)go herethen extmorni ng.表示打算，準(zhǔn)備，計(jì)劃做某事結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) +be動(dòng)詞+goingI am going toThey are goingThe father isbe 句型，bemake ato paintgoing to變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Are you goingAre they goingIs the fatherto maketo paintgoing to

20、goi ngto結(jié)構(gòu)to+動(dòng)詞原型bookcase.it.give the bookcasea bookcase?it?givethe bookcasetotohishis變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加notI am not going toThey are going toThe father is not肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I am. No, IYes, they are. No,makepai ntgoi ngit.toam not.they arebookcase.give the bookcasenot.todaughter.daughter?his daughter.Yes, h

21、e is.No, heisnot.特殊疑問(wèn)句What are yougoi ngtodo?What are theygoi ngtodo?What is thefathergoing to do?（必背）2. There be 句型表示哪里有什么東西（某處有某物）There is +單數(shù)名詞+表示場(chǎng)所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）Thereisabook inthis room.Thereisapen onthetableThere are +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+表示場(chǎng)所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）There are two pens on the table.There are three schoolsthere

22、.變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?變否定句在動(dòng)詞后面加notThere is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, there is. No, there is not.Yes, there are. No, there are not.三.問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句，特殊疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句，反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句，否定疑問(wèn)句2 一般疑問(wèn)句： 助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)Are you

23、a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?2特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+般疑問(wèn)句What is your n ame?2選擇疑問(wèn)句orDo you want beef or lamb?2反意疑問(wèn)句:肯定陳述句+否定疑問(wèn)部分，否定陳述部分 +肯定疑問(wèn)部分You don' tn eed that pen, doyou?2否定疑問(wèn)句:一般疑問(wèn)句+否定詞Aren' t youlucky? Don' t youwant have a rest?四冠詞用法：a/an /the的一般用法（詳細(xì)見筆記）五.限定詞：some, any, many

24、, much2 some, any 修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，注意，當(dāng)期待對(duì)方的答案為肯定回答時(shí)用 some2many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在口語(yǔ)中表示很多一般不用many, much,而用a lot of,在否定句中表示很多用 ma ny, much.I have a lot of money. I don' thave much money.六名詞：種類，復(fù)數(shù)，名詞所有格1. 名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞A不可數(shù)名詞無(wú)法分開的東西：water, tea, bread, milk, rice （米）抽象的東西：love,

25、beauty, cold ness （寒冷）不可數(shù)名詞有以下特點(diǎn)：1. 不能用a, an修飾2. 不能加s3. 和單數(shù)be動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞搭配常見縮寫：is= ' s I am=I' m are= ' reis not=isn ' t/ iznt/ are not=aren ' t /a:nt/can not=can ' thave=' vehas=' shave not=haven ' thas not=hasn ' twill= ' IIwillnot=won' t shallnot=shan 

26、9; tdo not=don ' tdoes not=doesn ' twas=' s didnot=didn ' t七介詞（注意總結(jié)書上詞組）八.副詞：用法及形容詞變副詞的變化u副詞可以修飾形容詞，動(dòng)詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子。如:The book is very good.He runs fast.She came here quite early.規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則1一般情況+se.g. shell f shellsbook books規(guī)則2以 s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾 +ese.g. fox foxeschurch churches,bus bus

27、es, watchwatches規(guī)則3以 o結(jié)尾+s或+ese.g. potato potatoes,Negro Negroes,hero heroes,tomato tomatoes , （口訣：黑人英雄愛(ài)吃土豆和西紅柿），剩下一般力卩s,radio radios規(guī)則4以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為vese.g. life liveshalf halves, shelf shelves, city cities,wife wives規(guī)則5以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+ese.g.sky skiesfly fliesB可數(shù)名詞：?jiǎn)螖?shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加s,名詞

28、復(fù)數(shù)共有以下幾種變化:Certa inlyI will go with you.u變化：1直接在形容詞后加-ly.careful-carefully.2 以輔音字母加happy-happily,slow-slowly,y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變I,lucky-luckily加-ly,3 有些詞形容詞和副詞的形式相同，不需要做任何變化不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式單數(shù)manwoma nfootgoosetooth復(fù)數(shù)menwome nfeetgeeseteeth單數(shù)childsheepdeermousefish復(fù)數(shù)childrensheepdeermicefishfast, hard, late4.有些詞

29、加上-ly后意思與原詞相差很遠(yuǎn)：n eary-n early,high-highly, late-lately,九.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用：can, must, may, might, n eed,1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can （能夠），must （必須），may （可以）結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+can/must/may+動(dòng)詞原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.變疑問(wèn)句將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak English?變否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

30、后面加notHe cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.Yes,hecan.Yes,shecanYes,wecan.肯定回答及否定回答特殊疑問(wèn)句：What can youNo, he cannot.No, she cannotNo, we cannot, do?（必背）Someanynoeverythi ngsometh inganythingnothingeveryth ingonesome oneanyoneany thi ngevery onewheresomewhereany wher

31、eany whereeverywherebodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody十.不定代詞及不定副詞:注意：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子沒(méi)有第三人稱單數(shù)的變化，不要在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞后面加S。any where.you must wake up.If youwant go somewhere, if you want tobeHelp!Somebody?Anybody?You are reallysomethi ng.Si neeeverybodyis here,let ' s beginourclassWheredid yougo? I wentno where.Nob

32、odyis at home.some one.left.I have nothing2. Must/have to 的區(qū)別must表示必須，是主觀上覺(jué)得應(yīng)該做，have to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做must只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)3. must, may, might 表示猜測(cè)：must do表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的猜測(cè)must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的猜測(cè)must have bee n doi ng表示對(duì)過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的事實(shí)的猜測(cè)may/might do, may/might have done表示沒(méi)有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測(cè)，might

33、的可能性更小。can' t/couldn ' t 表示不可能4. need 用法：I looked for my book everywhere, but I can' t find it表示“需要”時(shí)為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，后面可以加名詞，也可以加不定式：Ineedapen. Doyou needany beer? No, I don' t.In eedtohave arest.uNeed doing=needto be done,表示被動(dòng)The flowers n eed wateri ng.Need在否定時(shí)做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用You needn' t go so e

34、arly. =You don' t need to go so early.Must I cleanthe desk right now? No, you needn' t.新概念英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)（下）句型和語(yǔ)法十一.感嘆句：What +名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)Whata beautifulgirlshe is!How+形容詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)Howbeautifulthegirlis!十二.祈使句：第二人稱：let+其他人稱代詞祈使句的否定，加 don' t反意疑問(wèn)so/n either+ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ 主語(yǔ)祈使句（第二人稱）祈使句表示請(qǐng)求，命令，建議，邀請(qǐng)等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用原型，

35、句子中通常不用主語(yǔ)，句末用驚嘆好或者句號(hào),Standup. Sitdown.Be quiet. Be car用降調(diào)。肯定句動(dòng)詞原型例， Come here, please. Go downstairs,please.eful.Come in,Amy.Sitdow n here, Tom.Mary, give me a bookplease.否定：Don't+動(dòng)詞原型Don't come here.Don' tsitdow n.Don' tsta nd up.Don' tgive me it.let sb.doLet mepass.Let ushave a

36、 rest.Let' shave a rest.（反意疑問(wèn)）：Let' shave a walk along theriver,shallLet usgo out for adrink,willyou?十三.倒裝句：so/n either的倒裝eg.He canswim. So canI.I didn 't go to class.NeitherdidI.結(jié)構(gòu)：so/neither+be+主語(yǔ)so/neither+助動(dòng)詞+ 主語(yǔ)祈使句中如果有喚語(yǔ)，一定要用逗號(hào)隔開，放在句首或者句尾we?一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),do,does/am,is, are現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),am, is, are一

37、般過(guò)去時(shí)，did現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，have, has一般將來(lái)時(shí)，will, shall,過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)， was, were過(guò)去完成時(shí)，had過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，would十四直接引語(yǔ)/間接引語(yǔ)如果引語(yǔ)的主句所用動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，那么間接引語(yǔ)要做相應(yīng)變化：時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞 時(shí)態(tài)變化：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一一一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一一過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一一過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)be going towas/were going to/wouldcancouldmaymight時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞的變化：here there, tomorrow the next day, thefollowi

38、ngday, this that 人稱變化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。十五.直接賓語(yǔ)/間接賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，間接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事務(wù)，也可以說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作是 對(duì)誰(shuí)做的，或者是為誰(shuí)做的。所以間接賓語(yǔ)要用名詞或者賓格代詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。He gives me a book.me間接賓語(yǔ)，a book直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的位置調(diào)換時(shí)要加一個(gè)介詞to或for主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+介詞+間接賓語(yǔ)Givemea book.Givethebooktome.Sendhisa letter.Sendalettertohim.Showhimthene

39、wdress.Showthenewdressto him十八.從句賓語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句（限定性），表語(yǔ)從句，狀語(yǔ)從句（ if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句）賓語(yǔ)從句：如果賓語(yǔ)從句的主句中的動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，那么賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)要和主句統(tǒng)一；如果賓語(yǔ)從句為疑問(wèn) 詞引導(dǎo)，那么語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序，即主語(yǔ)在前，動(dòng)詞在后。定語(yǔ)從句：表語(yǔ)從句：狀語(yǔ)從句（if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句）：主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)What will you do if you win a lot of money?If itrai nstomorrow, I will stay at home.十七.動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的用法（詳細(xì)用法請(qǐng)見

40、NECII）結(jié)構(gòu)： to do,用法：可以做除謂語(yǔ)以外的所有成分，語(yǔ)法上稱之為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。做賓語(yǔ)：在一些動(dòng)詞后常用不定式做賓語(yǔ)，例如：wa nt, like, ask ,try做賓補(bǔ)：want sb. to do, ask sb. to do, like sb. to do 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式過(guò)去式的讀音形容詞的比較級(jí)形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)附錄：代詞及be動(dòng)詞名詞復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞代詞及be動(dòng)詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格Iweyouyoushe/he/itthey賓格meusyouyouher/him/itthem代詞所有格myouryouryourher/

41、his/itstheir名詞性代詞mi neoursyoursyourshers/his/itstheirsbe動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí)Amareareareisarebe動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)waswerewerewerewaswere名詞的復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則1一般情況+se.g. shell f shellstoy toys規(guī)則2以 s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾 +ese.g. fox foxeschurch churches規(guī)則3以o結(jié)尾s或+ese.g. radio radiospotato potatoes規(guī)則4以f, fe結(jié)尾的，變f, fe為vese.g. life liveshalf ha

42、lves規(guī)則5以輔音子母+y結(jié)尾， 變y為i+ese.g. skyskiesstudy studies雙與輔音字母再加-edstop stopped,過(guò)去式的讀音規(guī)則1一般情況+Se.g. like likes,look-looks規(guī)則2以 s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾 +ese.g.dodoes,catch-catches規(guī)則5以輔音子母+y結(jié)尾，變y為i+ese.g. carry carries,fly-flies動(dòng)詞的第二人稱單數(shù)形式在清輔音后面（除外）讀/t/e.g.walked,jumped在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/e.g.washed,watched在/t/ ，/d/ 后讀/id/

43、e.g.waited,hated規(guī)則一一般動(dòng)詞加-inge.g. look look ing,read read ing,play play ing規(guī)則二以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加-inge.g.make making,take taking,arrive arriv ing規(guī)則三重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾，即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母，其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞， 雙與輔音字母再加-inge. g. run running, sit sitti ng,get gett ing,swimswimming, stop-stoppi ng動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)比較級(jí)規(guī)則一一般加-ere.g. high higher規(guī)則二以結(jié)尾加-rnice ni cer規(guī)則三以輔