1、【精品文檔】如有侵權，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學習與交流英語修辭手法08807.精品文檔. 修辭手法1. Metaphor:（暗喻，隱喻） e.g. Mark Twain - Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night. The words spat forth with sudden savagery. .self-assurance.flickered.The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.Her voice was a whiplash. 2. Simile

2、：（明喻，直喻）explicit comparison with “l(fā)ike”, “as”, “as if (though)”, “seem” “resemble”, etc. 3. Synecdoche:（提喻） e.g. The computer revolution isliberating limbs and propelling The case had erupted round my head.4. Metonymy:（借代） e.g. .his pen would prove mightier than his pickax Just as the Industrial Rev

3、olution took over an immense range of tasks from mens muscles and enormously expanded productivity, so the microcomputer is rapidly assuming huge burdens of drudgery from human brain . won 100 at the tables lost it at the bar struggle between kimono and the miniskirt1）His pen would prove mightier th

4、an his pickax. (metonymy: writing -mining)2） experimented with his new writing muscles (metaphor: not so specific as “pen” to be related to “writing”)3）took over an immense range of tasks from mens muscles (metonymy: manual labor, physical labor)4） The computer revolution is, liberating limbs (synec

5、doche: part of human body)5）The case had erupted round my head. (synecdoche: part of ones body ) 6）I was not one to let my heart rule my head. (metonymy: emotions/feelings -reason/thought)7) We need 200 hands to help us to finish this sophisticated installation. (synecdoche: part of ones body ) 8）I

6、was not one to let my heart rule my head. (metonymy: emotions/feelings -reason/thought)9) .I have never read Li Bai. (metonymy: poems written by Li Bai)10) He is Mark Twain of the 21st century. (Synecdoche: an individual or concrete for a class or abstract) 5. Ridicule: 嘲笑;奚落;嘲弄e.g. Bryan, ageing an

7、d paunchy, was assisted . Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.6Sarcasm: 譏諷； 諷刺話e.g. There is some doubt about that.7. Irony: 反語； 諷刺a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. e.g. marc

8、hing backwards to the glorious age of the 16th century Hiroshima-the liveliest city in the world.8. Alliteration:（頭韻）e.g. .the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home .with a dash and daring. .a recklessness of cost or consequences.9. Parallelism:（排比） e.g. The past, with its crimes, its

9、 follies, and its tragedies. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air10. Antithesis（對仗，對偶）e.g. The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land.a world wh

10、ich will lament them a day and forget them foreverAny man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe11. Oxymoron(矛盾法): formed by conjoining of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous terms. e.g. Malone called my conviction a &q

11、uot;victorious defeat". bitter sweet memories orderly chaos12. Transferred epithet(移就，移位修飾) e.g. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.Two high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydons cheeks.13. Personification:（擬人） e.g. .to literature'

12、s enduring gratitude. the grave world smiles as usual. 14. Euphemism:（委婉語）e.g. .men's final release from earthly struggle who diligently avoided contact with the enemy15. Hyperbole:（夸張） e.g. .cruise through eternal boyhood and .endless summer of freedom.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.

13、16. Understatement(低調(diào)陳述,抑述) e.g.the prospects of a good catch looked bleak.英語修辭法一、明喻（simile）是以兩種具有相同特征的事物和現(xiàn)象進行對比，表明本體和喻體之間的相似關系，兩者都在對比中出現(xiàn)。常用比喻詞like, as, as if, as though等，例如： 1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 這頭象和任何人見到的一樣像一條蛇。 2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of

14、 fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像剛從我的童話故事書中走出來，像幽靈一樣從我身旁走過去。 3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那長長的葉子在風中擺動，好像伸出纖細的手指去觸摸什么東西似的。 二、隱喻（metaphor）這種比喻不通過比喻詞進行，而是直接將用事物當作乙事物來描寫，甲乙兩事物之間的聯(lián)系和相似之處是暗含的。 1、German guns and German planes r

15、ained down bombs, shells and bullets. 德國人的槍炮和飛機將炸彈、炮彈和子彈像暴雨一樣傾瀉下來。 2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 鉆石部是商店的心臟和核心。 三、提喻（synecdoche）又稱舉隅法，主要特點是局部代表全體，或以全體喻指部分，或以抽象代具體，或以具體代抽象。例如： 1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millio

16、ns of men.長城不僅是用石頭和土建造的，而且是用幾百萬人的血和肉建成的。 句中的“the flesh and blood”喻為“the great sacrifice”（巨大的犧牲） 2、“.saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,.” 他說這是世界上最美的語言。 這里用具體的“tongue”代替抽象的“l(fā)anguage”。 4、Many eyes turned to a tall,20year black girl on the U.S. team. 很多人將眼光投向美國隊一個高高的20歲的黑姑娘。 這里的“

17、many eyes”代替了“many persons”。 四、擬人（personification）這種修辭方法是把人類的特點、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物擬人，以達到彼此交融，合二為一。 1、She may have tens of thousand of babies in one summer.(From“ Watching Ants”) 一個夏天她可能生育成千上萬個孩子。 這里用“she”和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人類婦女的生育。 2、My only worry was that January would find me hunting for a job again.

18、我唯一擔心的是，到了一月份我又得去找工作。 英語里常把“年”“月”“日”人格化，賦以生命，使人們讀起來親切生動。 五、夸張（hyperbole）這是運用豐富的想象，過激的言詞，渲染和裝飾客觀事物，以達到強調(diào)的效果。 1、My blood froze. 我的血液都凝固了。 2、When I told our father about this,his heart burst. 當我將這件事告訴我們的父親時，他的心幾乎要迸出來。 3、My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughtersvoice on the phone. 從電話里一聽

19、到我女兒的聲音，我的心幾乎停止跳動。 六、疊言（rhetorical repetition）這種修辭法是指在特定的語境中，將相同的結構，相同意義詞組成句子重疊使用，以增強語氣和力量。 1、It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us who believe in the future, who believe in man and his glorious manmade destiny. 它必須用我們這些對于未來，對于人類以及人類自己創(chuàng)造的偉大命運具有信心的人的鮮血和汗水去創(chuàng)造。 2、. Because good tech

20、nique in medicine and surgery means more quicklycured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity. 因為優(yōu)良的醫(yī)療技術和外科手術意味著更快地治療病人，更少痛苦，更少不安，更少死亡，更少疾病，和更少殘廢。 七、借代（metonymy）是指兩種不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一種事物名稱代替另一種。 1、Several years later, word came that Napoleonyh himself w

21、as coming to inspect them. 幾年以后，他們聽說拿破侖要親自來視察他們。 “word”在這里代替了“news, information”（消息、信息） 2、Al spoke with his eyes,“yes”. 艾爾用眼睛說，“是的”。 “說”應該是嘴的功能，這里實際上是用眼神表達了“說話的意思”。 八、雙關語（pun）是以一個詞或詞組，用巧妙的辦法同時把互不關聯(lián)的兩種含義結合起來，以取得一種詼諧有趣的效果。 Napoleon was astonished.”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared. “Both，sir!”c

22、ried the Swede proudly. “Both”一詞一語雙關，既指拿破侖和這位士兵都是瘋子，又指這位戰(zhàn)士參加過拿破侖指揮的兩次戰(zhàn)役。 九、擬聲（onomatcpocia）是摹仿自然界中非語言的聲音，其發(fā)音和所描寫的事物的聲音很相似，使語言顯得生動，富有表現(xiàn)力。 1、On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing. 在學校房屋的屋頂上一些鴿子正輕輕地咕咕叫著。 2、She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt

23、sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one. 她使我接觸到所有夠得著的或者感覺得到的東西，如陽光呀，絲綢擺動時的沙沙聲呀，昆蟲的叫聲呀，開門的吱嗄聲呀，親人的說話聲呀。 十、諷刺（irony）是指用含蓄的褒義詞語來表示其反面的意義，從而達到使本義更加幽默，更加諷刺的效 果。 Well, of course, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large notes. 啊，當然，我知道

24、像你這樣的先生只帶大票子。 店員這句話意在諷刺這位穿破衣的顧客：像你這樣的人怎么會有大票子呢？名為“gentlemen”實則“beg gar”而已。 十一、通感（synesthesia）是指在某個感官所產(chǎn)生的感覺，轉到另一個感官的心理感受。 Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested. 、有些書是應當嘗嘗滋味的，有些書是應當吞下去的，有少數(shù)書是應當咀嚼和消化的。 書是“嘗”不出味道的，也是不能“吃”下去將其“消化”掉的。這里把讀書中的精讀和泛讀，閱讀欣賞與吸

25、收知識的感受，用味覺功能和消化功能來表示，心理感受是如此逼真和奇特。 十二、頭韻法（alliteration）在文句中有兩個以上連結在一起的詞或詞組，其開頭的音節(jié)有同樣的字母或聲音，以增強語言的節(jié)奏感。 How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness. 部分課文修辭Figures of speech: simile, metaphor, personification, synecdoche, anticlimax, metonymy, repetitio

26、n, exaggeration, euphemism, antonomasia, parody.1)      Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.(metaphor)-Page1,Lesson1. 2)      It grows louder and more distinct ,

27、until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes ,as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers.(metaphor and personification)- P2,L1.3)      The dye-market ,the pottery-market ,and the carpenters market lie elsewhere in the maze

28、of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar.(metaphor)-P3,L14)      Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while (personification)-P3, L1.5) &#

29、160;    It is a vast ,somber cavern of a room ,some thirty feet high and sixty feet square , and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick roof are only dimly visible.(metaphor)-P4,L16)      There were fresh bows ,and the faces grew more and more s

30、erious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated .(synecdoche)-P15,L27)      “Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”. (anticlimax)-P15, L2.8)    

31、  But later my hair began to fall out , and my belly turned to water .I felt sick ,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me .(alliteration)-P17, L2.9)      Acre by acre ,the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef .(allite

32、ration)-P30,L3 10)   According to our guide ,the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America-which means we are silently thousands of songs we have ever heard .(metonymy)-P31,L3.11)   What s

33、hould we feel toward these ghosts in the sky?(metaphor)-P32,L3.12)   Have you ever seen a lame animal ,perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?(metaphor)13)   And she stops and tries to di

34、g a well in the sand with her toe. (exaggeration)-P58, L4.14)   I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .(exaggeration)15)   After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call him Hakim-a-barber.(metaphor)-P60,L4.16)   “Maggies bra

35、in is like an elephants”.Wangero said ,laughing .(ironic)P62, L4.17)   You didnt even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .(metaphor)-P62,L4.18)   “Mama,”Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”(simile)-P63, L4.19)   She gasped like a bee had stung her .(simile)20)