1、J I A N G S U U N I V E R S I T Y仿生材料及仿生原理結課論文Research Progress of Biomimetic Materials學院名稱： 材料科學與工程學院 專業班級： 高分子1201 學生姓名： 學 號： 31207050 指導教師姓名： 2015年 12 月Research Progress of Biomimetic MaterialsAbstract: The“biomimetic materials science”formed by the intersection of life science and material scien

2、ce has great theoretical and practical significance. Biomimetic materials science takes material formation and structure as target,considers artificial material at the view of biomaterial, exploring the manufacture and design of material from the angle of biological function.At present,the pop issue

3、 on biomimetic materials science include spider silk biomimetic material,shell biomimetic material, bone biomimetic material and so on. They have their own special formation style, micro-structural characteristics,and bio-mechanical properties.The bionics material are becoming new study domain of th

4、e material subject.The status introduce certain research surveyed and discuss its prospect.Key words:biomimetic material, mechanism, application, trends1 Introduction:After 20 years of selection, evolution, running in and accumulation, the format- ion of the micro composite, the macro structure is s

5、o perfect that the traditional materials can not reach.In all areas of modern life, bionics and biomimetic materials plays a huge role. The development of human civilization and the development of science and technology of materials are closely related.In recent years, with the development of relate

6、d disciplines and the progress of modern technology, bionic materials have been developed rapidly.The results were widely used in aviation materials, biomedical materials, textile materials and so on.Biomimetic materials science to clarify the structure and formation process of biological materials

7、as the goal, with biological materials to consider the idea of artificial materials, from the perspective of biological function to consider the material design and production ZHANG YONG LI.Affaction of Si impregnante Behaviour to the Si- Al system.Materials Science and Engineering J.1994,12 (4):121

8、7.Biomimetic materials science is an important branch of bionics, refers to from the molecular level study of the structural characteristics of the biological material, structure-activity relationship, leading to the discovery of a new science of the similar or better than the original biological ma

9、terial, chemistry, materials science, biology, physics and other disciplines cross.Biomimetic materials are expected to obtain high efficiency, low energy consumption, low energy consumption, environment harmony and fast intelligent strain by the structure and function of the structure,such as artif

10、icial enamel, high toughness ceramics, artificial bone material, biomimetic artificial fibers Steven ArcidiaeonoAqueous processing and fiber spinning of recombinant spider silksJMaeromolecules.2002,35 (4)：1262 1266.Imitation of natural animal and plant specific function and intelligent response, the

11、 development of and biological similarity or beyond the existing biological function of artificial materials,such as lotus leaf self cleaning materials, like the shark's self lubricating material, in the gene transformation of the cells in the efficient synthesis of chiral molecules and macro-mo

12、lecules Tabata Y.Recent progress in tissue engineeringJ.Research Focus,2001,6(1):483487.2 Mechanism and application of biomimetic materials2.1 Biomimetic materials of spider silk Spider silk possesses a remarkably high tensile strength (the strain at failure can exceed 1,600 %) Zhao Feng, Yin Yuji,

13、Lu W W. Preparation and histological evaluation of biomimetic three-dimensional hydroxyapatite / chitosan-gelatin network composite scaffolds J .Biomaterials,2002,23(15):3 2273 234. , which aims to quickly catch insects in webs. The behavior of silk fibers comes from the unfolding of its constitutiv

14、e proteins and to the transfer of load to protein nanocrystals embedded in the disordered matrix. The properties of every silk thread are desired by parts of each component, as well as by the entanglement of the fibers Nicholas A P,Jennifer HW. Biomimetic materials and micropatterned structures usin

15、g inifertersJ. Advanced Drug.Delivery Reviews,2004,56(11):1 5871 597. Obviously, silk is an outstanding material that can serve as an inspiration to produce lighter and stronger cables, textiles, or protective clothing.In the 1990 s, a large power has been spent to the research work in America, and

16、many important results have been achieved.A scholar of Cornell university have discovered that, glycine and alanine,the building blocks of amino acid of silk, is associated with the incredible strength of spider silk.Research shows that:It is the stiffness of the spider silk leading it suitable for

17、making advanced body armor.Now the armour is made of 13 KELVARII layer, but the toughness of spider silk is 3 times of KELVAR II Louloudi M,Deligiannakis Y, Hadjiliadis N. Design and synthesis of new biomimetic materials J.Journal ofInorganic Biochemistry,2000,79(14):9396.Its super ability of elonga

18、tion make it absorb more energy when broken, which effectively slow down the projectile in theory.In 1997, protein sequence of spider silk has been found by a company named Dupont in Canada. And they acquired the code of proteins of spider silk,detected the whole genes and made fiber by using a tech

19、nology which is similar to spin.Canadian scientists succeeded put synthetic Spider protein genes into mammary gland cells of a goat,developing the latest technology of imitating spin and a new fiber of animals. Fabrics made by this kind of protein fiber has a good strength and elasticity and known a

20、s “bio-steel”.2.2 Biomimetic materials of nacreIn order to protect mollusks from water-carried debris and predators, the shells of organisms like the water-carried debris or abalone have evolved into a stiff and impact resistant material named nacre or mother of pearl. At high tensile stress, the cr

21、ystal tablets is going to slide on one another and the organic layer is going to suffer viscoplastic deformation, making nacre to withstand stretch and dissipate energy. Fabrication techniques such as hot-press assisted slip casting, freeze casting, extrusion and roll compaction, paper-making method

22、 and layer-by-layer self-assembly have successfully yielded materials that mimic the mechanical properties of nacre.Zhang Yongli made SiC/AL toughening composites with AL as soft phase and SiC as ceramic base Heuer A H,Fink D J,Laraia V J.Innovative materials processing strategies:a biomimetic appro

23、achJ.Science,1992,255(5 048):1 0981 105.And he fracture toughness is 2 5 times compared to the original one.Yang hui made A1203 toughening composites with carbon fiber as soft phase and A1202 as ceramic base, increasing its fracture toughness by 1.5 2 times Cong Qian,Chen Guanghua,Fang Yan, et al. S

24、uper-hydrophobic characteristics of butterfly wing surfaceJ. Journal of Bionic Engineering,2004,1(4):249255.2.3 Biomimetic materials of boneThe mimicking of the porous and branched structure of bone is general in the work of some architects, originating structures that are tough and lightweight. Bon

25、e has evolved to protect their vital organs and provide efficient structural support to vertebrates and is thus an interesting material to emulate for safety and constructionapplications.Bone structure is ideal for strong optimal structure Nils A,Neil H T,Bettye L S.Methods for fabricating and chara

26、cterizing a new generation of biomimetic materials J.Materials Science and Engineering: C,1999,7(1):3743. The shape of the long bones of the animals at both ends of the thick, elongated intermediate. The dumbbell head in the ends of long bone can increase the tensile strength and fracture toughness.

27、 Inspired by this, people design short fiber into a "dumbbell", improving the composite strength and elongation.It is conducive to the coordinated movement of the material in the fiber and the bonding materials, greatly improving the service life.Hu Qiaoling developed the absorbable chitos

28、an/hydroxyapatite composite bionic bone structure of fracture fixation material by situ precipitation method,and shapeing not only is a dumbbell shaped structure but easy degradation and absorption,with releasing orthophosphate and calcium ion. At the same time, mechanical properties of the biomimet

29、ic composites, such as bending strength, bending modulus, shear strength, compression strength are 2 to 3 times higher than the natural bone.It is expected to replace the metal and become the internal fixation of bone fracture, avoiding suffering second surgery for patients.2.4 Biomimetic materials

30、of bambooBamboo is typical of long fiber reinforced composite. The whole structure is composed of a base to gradually decreasing conical structure.Each a few centimeters to tens with a bamboo,associated with the whole stiffness and stability and plays an important role. According to the structure an

31、d characteristics of bamboo,among the traditional fiber reinforced composite, fiber is usually formed into bundles.Bionic design improvements in three aspects: the hollow column, fiber is distributed spiral and multilayer structure.Ni and Fe were deposited on the carbon fiber by continuous plating m

32、ethod by Sun shoujin. And made the cF-Cu-Fe and CWCu-Ni composite materials.The bending strength and the electrical conductivity of the new composite were significantly improved.The gradient matrix composites of SiC coated carbon fibers were prepared by Liu Wenchuan et al. It was found that this mat

33、erial has low density, good mechanical properties and oxidation resistance. Du Jinhong was studied on the surface of carbon fiber and its microstructure was studied. Meanwhile, the structure of bionic fiber double helix model was proposed. The experimental results show that the compression deformati

34、on is 3 times higher than that of ordinary fiber.2.5 Nano biomimetic materialsNucleic acids and proteins are important components of life functions, which are the best natural biological materials. These ingredients are woven into 4 categories:Natural nano materials bio inspired and synthetic nano m

35、aterialsbio Intelligent nano compositeComposite materials or tissue engineered nanomaterials synthesized by nano materials and live cells hou Benlian. Some progress in the biomimetic study of composite materialsJ. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 1996,45(2):114119. After the advent of nano materials

36、, the research of biomimetic materials has begun to shift to nano biomimetic materials.This is because the nature of the animal's tendons, teeth, cartilage, skin, bones, insects, etc., are nano composite materials AntIIoula LazaliSSpider silk fibers spun from soluble rocombinant silk produced in

37、 mammalian cellsJScience,2002，295：472476.Mimic the design of nature's biological structure, development of artificial bone, joints and blood vessels.To address the following key issues: choose a good flexible matrix.In the matrix in situ precipitation of high strength nano or submicron particles

38、, and particle orientation and shape control, elongated flaky particles in the matrix has a tropism for the duo reactor is the best. Precipitation between particle and matrix, the composite between organisms and to have good compatibility.Many nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nucleic

39、 acids and nano peptides have great potential for clinical applications. Many nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nucleic acids, and nano materials have great potential in clinical applications. The main problem is that these materials can be accepted by the host immune system. As more a

40、nd more nano devices are manufactured, it is reported that the biological membranes with 18nm diameter holes can protect the encapsulated cells or tissues to avoid immune response.3 Development prospects of biomimetic materialsBiomedical materials science has demonstrated the potential of the future

41、, and the ultimate goal of this field is to produce natural functional biomaterials, which can better understand the basic principle of the cross field of life science and materials science. The development of biomaterials for tissue engineering applications has recently focused on the design of bio

42、mimetic materials that are capable of eliciting specific cellular responses and directing new tissue formation mediated by biomolecular recognition, which can be manipulated by altering design parameters of the material. Biomolecular recognition of materials by cells has been achieved by surface and

43、 bulk modification of biomaterials via chemical or physical methods with bioactive molecules such as a native long chain of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins as well as short peptide sequences derived from intact ECM proteins that can incur specific interac- tions with cell receptors. The existing

44、 bone tissue engineering cells have their own advantages and disadvantages. As scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, natural derived materials have good biocompatibility. The solvent, the processing labor intensity big, polymer matrix residual particles, different batches of the product quality is

45、not uniform and other shortcomings, the impact of the application of tissue engineering research and its products in the clinical. New matrix materials in the future will be advantage to win a variety of materials, fully meet the various physiological environment in vivo and the intelligent processi

46、ng methods of mass production of biomimetic materials.Although the ceramic can be in high temperature but very brittle,when live car speeding shock easily broken. Using the principle of bionics select the silicon carbide ceramic sheets coated with graphite layer, hot pressing molding, the hard silic

47、on carbide ceramics glued on the graphite layer on graphite adhesive, very good to solve the ceramic due to shock easily broken. In Japan, people tried to make bamboo and bamboo bending cracking strength,whose mechanism is widely used in aircraft, rockets and other structures. The elephants can change shape to reduce resistance. So people imagine, if can be made with the speed increase and change the shape of the ship or aircraft, then will be able to use the least En