1、Unit 14 General Features of Consolidation 合并運輸的一般特征本節主要內容：1. 合并運輸的含義 2. 合并運輸人的身份3. 合并運輸的優勢 consolidation: 合并運輸 groupage: 拼箱 assembly: n. 集合，匯集 parcel prsl :包，包裹，（人，物）一批 origin: 產地 intend for: 打算供.使用，打算送給 destination: 目的地 dispatch: 派遣，分派，發送 consolidated: 統一的，合并的 consignment: 交付，委托，所托運的貨物 consolidator

2、: 合并運輸人 respective: 分別的，各自的一、 合并運輸的含義 Consolidation or groupage means the assembly of small parcels of cargo from several consignors at one point of origin intended for several consignees at the same point of destination, dispatching the parcels as one consolidated consignment to the consolidators a

3、gent at the destination and delivering them to their respective consignees. 合并運輸或者拼箱是指在原產地某地的幾個發貨人的小批貨物匯集起來發送到目的同一地點的幾個收貨人，在目的地將托運的貨物統一分派給合并運輸人的代理人，并將貨物交付給他們各自相應的收貨人的運輸方式。 act as: 擔當，作為 full container loads (FCL)：整箱貨 make up of: 構成，組成 individual: 個別的，單獨的 LCL (less than container lot): 拼裝貨，零擔貨物 take

4、advantage of: 利用 tariff rate: 關稅比率 Forwarders who act as groupage agents or consolidators deliver full container loads (FCL) made up of individual LCL consignments to the carrier to take advantage of the FCL tariff rates. 貨運代理人作為拼箱代理人或者合并運輸人，將由個別拼裝貨組成的整箱貨交付給承運人并且可按照整箱貨的標準享受整箱貨的關稅比率。provide: 提供 in on

5、es own name: 以自己的名義 issue: 簽發 house bill of lading: 貨代提單 合并運輸人的身份 As a consolidator, the freight forwarder will provide the service in his own name and issue a house bill of lading. 作為合并運輸人，貨運代理人將以他自己的名義提供服務并簽發貨代提單。 歷年考題：As a consolidator, the forwarder will provide the service in his own name and i

6、ssue a ( ) A. master bill of lading B. house bill of lading C. straight bill of lading D. sea waybill答案：B分析：作為合并運輸人，貨運代理人將以他自己的名義提供服務并簽發貨代提單（house bill of lading）。 To the individual consignors, the consolidator is the carrier,while in his relationship with the actual carrier, he is the consignor. 就發

7、貨人而言，合并運輸人是承運人，而就其與實際承運人關系而言，他是發貨人。 歷年考題：To the individual consignors, the consolidator is the ( ) while to the actual carrier, he is the A. carrier/actual carrier B. carrier/consignor C. consignor/carrier D. consignor/consignor答案：B分析：就發貨人而言，合并運輸人是指承運人，而就其與實際承運人關系而言，他是發貨人deal with：安排，處理，做生意directly:

8、 直接地 shipping space: 船位，艙位 wholesale: 批發retail: 零售 The individual consignors and consignees do not deal directly with actual carrier. The consolidator buys shipping space“wholesale” from the actual carrier and sells it “retail” to the individual consignors. 發貨人和收貨人不會直接與實際承運人聯系。合并運輸人從實際承運人那里“批發”艙位并將這

9、些艙位以“零售”的方式賣給發貨人groupage transport: 拼箱運輸 a sort of: 一種 wholesaler: 批發商large amounts of: 大量的 sell out: 出售，賣完 In groupage transport, the forwarder acts as a sort of wholesaler by buying large amounts of space which are sold out in retail to his customers.拼箱運輸中，貨運代理人類似于批發商，大量購買艙位并以零售的方式賣給他們的顧客。in the c

10、ase of: 在.的情況，就.而言air transport: 航空運輸，空運go beyond: 超出 departure: 出發，離開，離港 extend: 延伸，擴展 recovery: 收回，回收 In the case of air transport, the consolidators responsibilities go beyond delivering the shipment to the airline at the airport of departure. It extends to the recovery of the shipment from the a

11、irline at the point of destination and, where requested, to its delivery to the consignee. 就空運而言，合并運輸人的責任范圍不僅限于在離港機場將運輸轉給航空公司，而且還要在目的地某地繼續接手運輸并按要求交付給收貨人。overseas: 海外的，國外的 merchandise: 商品，貨物 numerous: 許多的，眾多的 vendor: 賣方，賣主Consolidation services can also be provided by a freight forwarder for the over

12、seas importer who buys small consignments of merchandise from numerous vendors. 貨運代理人也可以向海外的進口商提供合并運輸服務，這些進口商需要從眾多的賣主那里各自購買少量商品進行托運。The vendors are instructed by their buyer to deliver the merchandise to the forwarder who consolidates the consignments for dispatch to the buyer. 賣主會按照買主的指示，將商品交付給貨運代理

13、人，貨運代理人對貨物進行合并運輸并且將它們分派給買方。 The forwarder issues to each seller his house bill of lading or the Forwarders Certificate of Receipt (FCR). 貨運代理人簽發貨運提單或者貨運代理人收貨證明書給每個賣主。benefit: 有益于concerned: 有關的（在這里是指“相關的各方”） national economy: 國內經濟合并運輸的優勢合并運輸的優勢 Consolidation can benefit all concerned, e.g. exporters

14、and shippers, carrier and forwarder. The national economy can also benefit.合并運輸能使所有相關各方獲益，例如：出口商和委托人，承運人和貨運代理人。也有益于國內經濟發展。 歷年考題：Consolidation can benefit all concerned such as exporters and shippers, carrier and forwarder. ( ) 答案：對分析：合并運輸能使所有相關各方獲益，例如出口商和委托人，承運人和貨運代理人lower than: 低于 normally: 正常情況下，通

15、常的pay to: 支付 particularly: 特別地，尤其 be beneficial to: 有益于. establish stbl : 建立，成立，設立，安置 bargaining strength: 討價還價的能力negotiate: 談判，商定shipping line company: 船運公司1、對于出口商和托運人的好處：1）可以獲得低的運費費率。 They get the benefit of a rate lower than they would have normally paid to the carrier. It is particularly benefic

16、ial to small shippers who are not well established in their trade and who do not have enough bargaining strength to negotiate rates with the shipping or air lines companies. 對于出口商和托運人來說，他們可以從低于正常情況下支付給承運人的價格中獲益。特別對于那些小的托運人來說，他們還沒有很好的建立起市場，并且沒有足夠的與船運公司或者空運公司進行討價還價的能力。advantageous: 有益的，有利的 a wide rang

17、e of: 大范圍的，范圍廣的instead of: 而不是，代替 approach: 與.打交道，接近shipping line: 航運公司offer: 提供 2）可以選擇更多的航線，目的地范圍更廣 Also, shippers find it advantageous to deal through a freight forwarder who provides consolidation services to a wide range of destinations instead of approaching several shipping lines, each of whic

18、h may be offering services only on routes which they operate. 托運人也發現了通過貨運代理人進行合并運輸的另一個好處，合并運輸服務所提供的目的地范圍更廣，他們不僅僅限于與幾個航運公司接洽，而每個航運公司可能只能提供他們所運營的航線上的服務。2、對于承運人的好處：1）可以節省時間和工作 The carrier does not have to handle individual consignments and these results in considerable savings in paperwork and time. 承運

19、人不用處理個別的托運，這樣可以省去很多的文書工作和時間。 intensive: 集中的，增強的 utilization: 利用 carrying capacity: 運輸能力，承載能力 2）可以集中利用運輸能力 There is more intensive utilization of his carrying capacity as the consolidator offers his FCL cargoes. 承運人還可以集約利用他的運載能力，因為合并運輸人提供的是整箱貨物。 save on: 節省 expenditurekspndt: 支出，花費 otherwise: 另外，否則，不同地 incur: 招致 maintain: 保持，維持 equipment: 設備，裝備，船上用具 employ: 雇用 LCL shipment: 拼裝貨物運輸 freight payment: 支付運費