1、Subjunctive moodinother special casesThe basic pattern of unreal conditionals:Revision & Lead-in 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在條件從句中在條件從句中表示與事實情況相反表示與事實情況相反 條件從句的謂語形式條件從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式 表示與表示與現在事實現在事實情情況相反況相反(present)表示與表示與過去事實過去事實情情況相反況相反(past)(past)表示與表示與將來事實將來事實情情況相反況相反(future)(future)過去式過去式(did/we

2、re)(be常用常用 were)過去式過去式(did)/(were)should + do were to do過去完成式過去完成式(had +done)would / could / might / should + dowould / could / might / should +have donewould / could / might / should + doAttentionsAttentionscould have done 本來可以本來可以should have done 本來應該本來應該might have done 本來可能本來可能含蓄條件句：含蓄條件句：使用如使用如:

3、but for(要不是要不是), without, with，or , otherwise等等一些一些介詞短語，分詞結構來代替介詞短語，分詞結構來代替if條件句條件句, 這時這時剩下的主句要用虛擬語氣。剩下的主句要用虛擬語氣。 a) with, without, but for 等介詞短語代替條件句相當于 if it were /had been not for “要不是”But for the rain, the crops would have died. (= If _)Without the teachers help, he couldnt have made such great

4、progress in English.(= If _) it hadnt been for the rainit hadnt been for the teachers help, b). otherwise, but, or 常把真實情況和虛擬常把真實情況和虛擬語氣混合語氣混合（重、難點）（重、難點）I was ill that day. Otherwise,I _ part in the sports meeting.（副詞） I would have taken part in the sports meeting，but I _ill that day.（連詞）He telephon

5、ed to inform me of your birthday, or I _nothing about it.（連詞）would have takenwaswould have knownIf you had gone to bed earlier last night,you wouldnt be sleepy now. 錯綜時間錯綜時間(mixed time)條件句或混合虛擬語氣條件句或混合虛擬語氣 如果你剛才向右轉，你現在就不會有麻煩了。如果你剛才向右轉，你現在就不會有麻煩了。 If you _ _ _(turn right) just now, you _ (not be) in

6、trouble now.had turned rightwouldnt be inIf引導的混合虛擬語氣中：引導的混合虛擬語氣中：1 ) If you had told me earlier, I would not have this problem now.Had you told me earlier, I would not have this problem now.2) If you were to take the train, you would be there much sooner. Were you to take the train, you would be the

7、re much sooner.條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝Have a try1. 虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式用用(should) + do的情況的情況2. 虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式將原來的時態向前推一個將原來的時態向前推一個時態時態的情況的情況3.3.虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式的一個特例的一個特例虛擬語氣的特殊形式歸納虛擬語氣的特殊形式歸納虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式用用(should) + do的情況的情況1. 表示表示建議建議(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ，要求，要求(demand, request

8、, require, insist), 命令命令(order, command)等動詞后的等動詞后的賓語從句賓語從句中。中。insist / suggest 各有兩種意思，要各有兩種意思，要用不同的語氣用不同的語氣insist 表示表示“堅決要求堅決要求”時，用虛擬時，用虛擬形式形式，insist 表示表示“堅稱，堅持說，堅持認堅稱，堅持說，堅持認為為”時，用時，用 陳述語氣陳述語氣，表示事實。表示事實。suggest 表示表示“建議建議”時，用虛擬形時，用虛擬形式。式。suggest 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”時，用時，用陳述語氣。陳述語氣。Attention:注意：注意：sugges

9、t 只有作只有作“建議建議”時，從句中用時，從句中用虛擬，若表示虛擬，若表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”時，不用虛擬。時，不用虛擬。1. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. (上海）上海）A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has 比較比較2 The bus driver insisted that he _ at normal speed and th

10、erefore _ for the childs death. A. drive, not answer B. was driving, shouldnt answer C. should drive, shouldnt have answered D. drove, shouldnt answer （answer for 負責，保證）負責，保證）注意：注意：insist 只有作只有作“堅決要求堅決要求”時，才用虛擬，時，才用虛擬，若表示若表示“堅持說，堅持認為堅持說，堅持認為”時，不用虛擬。時，不用虛擬。虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式用用(should) + do的情況的情況2.表語從句表語從句中

11、的主語是中的主語是建議建議(suggestion / advice)， 要求要求(requirement / demand)、命令命令(order, command)等的名詞等的名詞Our suggestion is that you _ there on time.(should) be虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式用用(should) + do的情況的情況3. 同位語從句同位語從句中中的先行詞是表示說話的先行詞是表示說話人人建議建議(suggestion / advice)， 要要求求(requirement / demand)、命令、命令(order, co

12、mmand)等的名詞等的名詞虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣的特殊形式The suggestion that students _ (learn) something practical is worth considering.Do you know the order that you _ (keep) watch？(should) learn(should) keep虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式用用(should) + do的情況的情況4. 在在It is suggested, ordered, required, + that結構中的結構中的主語從句主語從句的謂語動詞要的謂語動詞要用用(shou

13、ld) +do。It is required that nobody _ here. (smoke)(should) smoke虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式用用(should) + do的情況的情況5. 在句型在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 等等主語從句主語從句中，中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞用：后面的從句中的謂語動詞用： (should) + do虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣的特殊形式1.重要的是我們要照顧好病人。重要的是我們要照顧好病人。2. 她這樣做是很自然的。她

14、這樣做是很自然的。3. 我們有必要出去散散步。我們有必要出去散散步。 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. Its important that we should take good care of the patient. Its natural that she should do so.虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式用用(should) + do的情況的情況6.在在It is a pity, a shame, no wonder + that結構中的結構中的主語從句主語從句的謂語動詞要的謂語動詞要用用(should) +do。(shoul

15、d) have虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣的特殊形式Its a pity that you _ to go so soon. (have)1. It is required that you _ at six. A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive2. It is really strange that the girl _ so early. A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry practice3. It is strange that

16、such a thing _ in your school. A. will happen B. happens C. should happen D. happened4. It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speakAttention:5、6兩種句式也可以用于陳述語氣。如：兩種句式也可以用于陳述語氣。如：Its strange that he didnt come yesterday.Its a pity that you cant da

17、nce.- Peter is Johns brother.- Its no wonder that he looks like John.虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式將原來的時態向前推一個時態將原來的時態向前推一個時態的情況的情況1. wish 引導的賓語從句中引導的賓語從句中虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣的特殊形式 I wish (that) you would get a good job. 1. 我但愿自己能年輕三十歲。我但愿自己能年輕三十歲。 I wish I were 30 years younger.2. 我希望你能找到一個好職業我希望你能找到一個好職業。表示與現在事實相反，用過去式表示與

18、現在事實相反，用過去式(did/ were)； 與過去事實相反用過去完成式與過去事實相反用過去完成式 (had done); 與將來事實相反用過去將來時與將來事實相反用過去將來時 (would do).2. would /had rather 引導的賓語從句引導的賓語從句中中（常用（常用would rather sb. did）虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣的特殊形式I would rather he/you _(come) tomorrow than today.came虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式將原來的時態向前推一個時態將原來的時態向前推一個時態的情況的情況虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式將原來的時態向

19、前推一個時態將原來的時態向前推一個時態的情況的情況3. if only 意為：若是意為：若是.那該多好啊那該多好啊; 真真希望希望.; 只要只要, 只要只要.就好就好虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣的特殊形式若是我準時到那該多好啊！真希望她不開那么快。If only she didnt drive so fast.If only I had arrived on time!虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式將原來的時態向前推一個時態將原來的時態向前推一個時態的情況的情況4. 在在as if /though從句中從句中虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣的特殊形式hadnt sleptwereb、as if 連接方式狀語

20、從連接方式狀語從 句句 She looked after the boy as if he _(be) her own son.a、as if 連接表語從句連接表語從句He looked as if he _ (sleep) for two days.虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式將原來的時態向前推一個時態將原來的時態向前推一個時態的情況的情況5. 在在even if /though從句中從句中虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣的特殊形式wereEven if he _ here, he could not solve the problem.Attention:4、5兩種句式也可以用于陳述語氣。如：兩種句

21、式也可以用于陳述語氣。如：She looks as if she is going to cry.Even if I have to sell my house, Ill keep my business going.虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式 的一個特例的一個特例Its (high/right) time that 是早該做是早該做的時候了的時候了that 從句要用虛擬語氣：形式是從句要用虛擬語氣：形式是did/were或或should + do (should 不可省略不可省略)虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣的特殊形式It is high time the child _ to the hosp

22、ital.A. is sent B. would be sentC. be sent D. were sent1. 虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式用用(should) + do的情況的情況2. 虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式將原來的時態向前推一個將原來的時態向前推一個時態時態的情況的情況3.3.虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式的一個特例的一個特例本課小結本課小結1. 表示說話人的表示說話人的要求、建議、命令要求、建議、命令時，常用時，常用(should) do表示虛擬形式表示虛擬形式, 主要用于主要用于名詞性從句名詞性從句中中;2. 在句型在句型 “It is important (necessary, stra

23、nge, natural) that . ” 等等主語從句主語從句中中;3. 在在It is a pity, a shame, no wonder + that結結構中構中虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式用用(should) + do的情況的情況虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式將原來的時態向前推一個時態將原來的時態向前推一個時態的情況的情況 wish 引導的賓語從句中引導的賓語從句中虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣的特殊形式would /had rather 引導的賓語從句中引導的賓語從句中as if /though引導的從句中引導的從句中even if /though引導的從句

24、中引導的從句中 if only 引導的從句中引導的從句中虛擬語氣形式虛擬語氣形式 的一個特例的一個特例Its (high/right) time that 是早該做是早該做的時候了的時候了that 從句要用虛擬語氣：形式是從句要用虛擬語氣：形式是did/were或或should + do虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣的特殊形式虛擬語氣虛擬語氣1.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed2.It was the drug，not the d

25、isease，that killed the boy.He would be still alive today if he _ that drug.A.not take B.shouldnt have takenC.didnt take D.hadnt taken虛擬語氣虛擬語氣3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sold

26、 C. shall sell D. would sell5. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone虛擬語氣虛擬語氣6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得飽吃得飽), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get7. He is talking so much about America as if he _ t

27、here. A. had been B. were C. was D. been8. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent虛擬語氣虛擬語氣9. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had10. I dont think it is the right time that you _. A. wil

28、l go B. went C. go D. must go11. 11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken14.She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him，but he didnt believe it.A. hadnt spoken B. shouldnt speakC. wouldnt speak D. not speak虛擬語氣虛擬語氣17.Its strange that he _ without saying good-bye to us.A. should have gone out B. wentC. should go out D. goes out虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 18. It is import