1、Discoving Useful Structures P53 新新人教選擇性必修人教選擇性必修Book 2 Unit 5 First Aid Translate these sentences into English.（1 1）你可以想象，燒傷會導致非常嚴重的傷害。）你可以想象，燒傷會導致非常嚴重的傷害。（2 2）治療燒傷的第一步也是最重要的一步是進行急）治療燒傷的第一步也是最重要的一步是進行急救。救。 （3 3）最好將燒傷處置于清涼的自來水下，尤其是在起）最好將燒傷處置于清涼的自來水下，尤其是在起 初十分鐘內初十分鐘內（4 4）如果有必要，用剪刀把衣服剪掉，除非你看到布）如果有必要，用剪

2、刀把衣服剪掉，除非你看到布 料粘在燒傷的皮膚上。料粘在燒傷的皮膚上。（5 5）你可以用一塊寬松干凈的布覆蓋燒傷部位。）你可以用一塊寬松干凈的布覆蓋燒傷部位。Leading-inLeading-inRead the sentences below.1. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.2. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.3. It is best to place

3、burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.4. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.5. You can protect the burn by covering it with a clean cloth.What is the function of the -ing form in each sentence below?

4、(Subject 主語)(Predicative表語)(Object after a preposition介詞后面的賓語)(Attribute定語)(Adverbial狀語)(Object complement賓語補足語)Can you express the same ideas without using the -ing form? 1. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.2. The first and most important step in the treatment of

5、burns is giving first aid.3. It is best to place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.As you can imagine, if you get burnt, it can lead to very serious injuries.The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is to give first aid.It is best to run some

6、cool water and place burns under it, especially within the first ten minutes.Can you express the same ideas without using the -ing form? 4. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.Use scissors to remove any clothes if necessary, unless you

7、 find that the fabric is sticking to the burnt skin.To protect the burnt area, you can cover it with a loose clean cloth.5. You can protect the burn by covering it with a clean cloth.Replace each underlined part with a suitable -ing form and rewrite the sentence as necessary. 1. When he got out of t

8、he bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor.2. Is there any reason why we are not going to have the first-aid training this week?3. She had been told about the risk of electric shocks and this made her very careful while using hairdryers.When getting out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the f

9、loor.Is there any reason for not having the first-aid training this week? (否定式否定式)4. Because the child was not watched carefully by his parents, he touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.5. After she had been bitten by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin.Having been told about the ris

10、k of electric shocks, she was very careful while using hairdryers.Not being watched carefully by his parents, the child touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.After being/ having been bitten by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin. (完成式的被動語態完成式的被動語態) (被動語態的否定式被動語態的否定式) (被動語態被動語態/完成式的被動

11、語態完成式的被動語態)復習動詞-ing形式Review of the -ing formPresentation主動語態主動語態被動語態被動語態肯定式肯定式否定式否定式肯定式肯定式否定式否定式一般式一般式doing完成式完成式havingbeen done一、-ing形式的結構not doingbeing donenot being donehaving donenot having donenot having been done（1）動詞）動詞-ing形式作主語時，往往表示經常形式作主語時，往往表示經常性、習慣性的動作，通常置于句首，謂語動性、習慣性的動作，通常置于句首，謂語動詞用單數。詞

12、用單數。Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.每天散步有助于一個人保持健康。Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.對于老人來說爬山確實困難。二、-ing形式的用法1作主語（2）形式主語）形式主語it代替動詞代替動詞-ing形式形式作主語。作主語。 此類句式常見的有： Its a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪費時間 Its useless/worthwhile doing sth. 做某事沒用/是值得的 Its no good/us

13、e/fun doing sth. 做某事沒好處/沒用/沒意思 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 勸說這種人加入我們是浪費時間。 It is no good/use regretting for the past. 悔恨過去是沒用的。1. It is no use / good _ (cry) over spilt milk.2. It is useless _(try) to explain.3. It is a waste of time and money _ (see) that movie.4. The

14、re is no good / use (in) _ (argue) with him.5. There is no point (in) _ (hurry) to get there.即學即練：即學即練：cryingtryingseeingarguinghurrying2作賓語動詞動詞-ing形式作賓語時，形式作賓語時，表示動作的對象，表示動作的對象，或代替或代替itit作真正的賓語，作真正的賓語，如：如：(1) We tried to avoid making mistakes.(2)Have you considered looking for one special friend?(3

15、)Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper?(4) I dont think it possible living in such a cold place.Key and difficult points （1 1）某些動詞或動詞短語之后某些動詞或動詞短語之后只能接只能接動詞動詞 -ing 形式形式作作賓語賓語：考慮建議盼原諒考慮建議盼原諒: consider, suggest / advise, look forward to, pardon 承認推遲沒得想承認推遲沒得想: : admit, delay / put off, f

16、ancy / imagine避免錯過繼續練避免錯過繼續練: : avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practice 否認完成停能賞否認完成停能賞: : deny, finish, stop, enjoy / appreciate 不禁介意準逃亡不禁介意準逃亡: : cant help, mind, allow / permit, escape禁止冒險憑想象禁止冒險憑想象: : forbid, risk, imagine難以忍受始反對難以忍受始反對: : cant stand, set about / get down to, object to想要成功堅持忙想要成功堅持

17、忙: : feel like, succeed in, insist on, be busy (in) .習慣放棄有困難習慣放棄有困難: : get used to, give up, have difficulty / trouble (in) .導致專心不推遲導致專心不推遲: : lead to / contribute to, be devoted to, put offA.接接doing 和和to do意思基本相同的常見的有意思基本相同的常見的有: like, love, hate, prefer, continue, begin/startB.接動詞接動詞 -ing 形式或形式或 t

18、o do 作賓語時意義差別作賓語時意義差別較大的動詞有：較大的動詞有： remember/forget to do sth. 記著記著 / 忘記要忘記要 做某事做某事 remember/forget doing sth. 記著記著 / 忘記做忘記做過某事過某事 regret to do/ doing sth. 遺憾要做遺憾要做 / 后悔做后悔做了某事了某事（2 2）既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞）既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞try to do/ doing sth. 努力做 / 試著做某事mean to do/ doing sth. 打算做 / 意味著做某事stop to do/

19、 doing sth. 停下來去做（另一件 事）/ 停止做某事cant help（to） do/doing sth. 不能幫忙做 / 禁不住做某事They stopped to have a look at the fantastic scenery. 他們停下來，看了看這美妙絕倫的風景。They stopped working and had a rest. 他們停止工作，休息了一下(3)(3)用用itit作形式賓語，真正的賓語是動詞作形式賓語，真正的賓語是動詞inging形式。其結構如下：形式。其結構如下：主語think/consider/find/feel/believe+itusele

20、ss/no use/no good/.doing.1.Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested _ (stop) at the next town. .2. Do you consider it good_(try) again?3. As for my future plan, I will stick to _ (recite)poems.4. Im looking forward to _ (hear) from you.5. My father gets used to _ (go) to bed late and_ (get) up

21、 very early. 6. Would you pay attention to _ (listen) to the materials carefully?即學即練：即學即練：recitinghearinggoinggettinglisteningstoppingtrying 3作表語動詞動詞 -ing 形式作表語：說明主語的性質、狀態或內形式作表語：說明主語的性質、狀態或內容，如：容，如：The film is interesting. His hobby is collecting stamps.My job is looking after the children.His con

22、cern for his mother is most touching.注：動詞 -ing 形式作表語表抽象的一般性的行為，而不定式作表語表一次具體的動作或將要發生的事。 e.g: Tonys hobby is drawing，but now what he wants to do is（to） dance. 托尼的愛好是畫畫，可是現在他想要做的是跳舞。(1) Judging from his look，the news was （shock）.(2) The situation both at home and abroad is very （inspire）.(3) One part o

23、f his work is （make）monthly advertising budgets.(4) One mistake you made is （ignore）the difference between the two findings.(5) Your task for the next few days is （read） the adaptation from the novel.即學即練：即學即練：shockinginspiringmakingignoringto read4作定語(1) (1) 單個動詞的單個動詞的-ing-ing形式作定語位于被修飾名詞的前形式作定語位于被

24、修飾名詞的前面面, , 既可以表示被修飾者的作用或功能既可以表示被修飾者的作用或功能, ,也可以表示也可以表示被修飾者的動作或狀態。被修飾者的動作或狀態。drinking water a walking sticktiring music a surprising result(2) ing 形式短語作定語時，放在所修飾的名詞之后， 并且在意思上相當于一個定語從句。They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. The man standing there is Pete

25、rs father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father. (3) -ing形式短語也可以用作非限制定語，相當于一個 非限制性定語從句，這時，它與句子其他部分用逗 號分開。His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. (1) Generally speaking，the flowers （smell） sweet can attract more be

26、es.(2) These old houses （追溯到） the 1500s are under repair now.(3) Advertisers attempt to catch the readers interest with pictures and （令人興奮 的標題）.(4) Today there are more airplanes （載著更多人） than ever before in the sky.即學即練：即學即練：smellingdating back toexciting headlinescarrying more people5作賓語補足語(1) 動詞-i

27、ng形式作賓語補足語常放在賓語后面,表示 一個正在進行的主動性的動作，強調一個過程或 一種狀態。When we returned to the school, we found a strangerstanding at the entrance. I found a bag lying on the ground. (2) 當主句轉換為被動結構時，原來作賓語補足語的 動詞-ing形式便轉換為主語補足語。They found the result very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying.(3) 能用-ing形式作賓語補足語的

28、幾類動詞：A. 表示感覺和心理狀態的動詞表示感覺和心理狀態的動詞, 常見的有常見的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。等。We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. Can you smell anything burning?B. 表示指使意義的動詞表示指使意義的動詞, 常見的有常見的有 have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。等。I wont

29、 have you doing that. This set me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you waiting. (4)作介詞 with 的賓補,在 “with+ 賓語 +doing” 結構中，doing 表示主動或進行。 With the final exam approaching，the students are studying harder.【注】 “with+ 賓語 +done”表示被動或完成； “with+ 賓語 +to do”表示尚未發生。 He lay in bed with his eyes focused on the ceili

30、ng.他躺在床上，眼睛盯著天花板。 With an interview to take，he felt a little nervous.要參加面試，他感到有點兒緊張。(1)We shouldnt keep him （continue）to waste his time playing games.(2) When I came in，I saw Linda （comfort） the crying girl.(3) Chinas image is improving steadily，with more countries （recognize） its role in internatio

31、nal affairs.(4) The living room is clean and tidy，with a Christmas tree （stand）in the middle.(5) He was just about to sit down when he felt something （move）near his feet.即學即練：即學即練：continuingcomfortingrecognizingstandingmoving Being a student, you should study hard.He sat on the sofa, watching TV.Whi

32、le waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song.Walking ahead, you will see a white house.Admitting what you say, I still think you are wrong. 6作狀語表示動作發生的原因、時間、方式、結果、條件、伴隨狀況等。表原因表伴隨表時間表結果表條件表讓步1. Because he was ill, he didn

33、t go to school. _, he didnt go to school.2. When she was walking along the street one day, she met an old friend of hers. _ the street one day, she met an old friend of hers. 3. If it is sunny, well go for a picnic tomorrow. _, well go for a picnic tomorrow.Being illWalking along用用-ing形式改寫句子形式改寫句子,

34、使該句與所給句子的意思相同。使該句與所給句子的意思相同。It being sunny即學即練：即學即練：4. After she had finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV. _ her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.5. Because they had been warned by the teacher, they didnt make such mistakes. _ by the teacher, they didnt make such mista

35、kes.6. As it was a holiday, all the shops were shut. _, all the shops were shut.It being a holidayHaving finishedHaving been warnedComplete the passage with the correct forms of the given words. ProductionMrs Taylor was an elderly woman _ (live) alone. One day, she was in her living room cleaning th

36、e windows, when suddenly she could no longer feel the right side of her body. _ (try) to walk to her sofa to sit down, she fell over onto the carpet. Then she realised that she could not get up, and that she was having trouble _ (breathe). Fortunately, she had her mobile phone with her, and she was

37、able to reach it with her left hand while _ (lie) on the floor. Her mobile phone _ (already, set up) to call an emergency number at the push oflivingTryingbreathinglyingwas already set upa button, so it was easy to call for help. While attempting to talk to the operator, Mrs Taylor discovered that s

38、he could not speak. _ (not, hear) an answer, the operator knew that Mrs Taylor must be in trouble. Telling Mrs Taylor that everything would be OK, she immediately sent an ambulance. After _ (arrive), the ambulance team quickly found Mrs Taylor and without delay gave her oxygen, put in an IV needle,

39、and checked her vital signs. _ (take) to the hospital and treated immediately, Mrs Taylors health was in no great danger, though she had to stay in the hospital ward. After a week, her _ (frighten) experience was over, and she was allowed to go home.Not hearingarrivingHaving been takenfrighteningDiscussion（1）What happened to Mrs Tayl