1、失業統計數字 From Statistics explained從統計解釋 Jump to: navigation , search跳轉到： 導航 ， 搜索Data up to July 2011, most recent data: Further Eurostat information, main tables and database .2011年7月的數據，最新數據：此外歐盟統計局的資料，主表和數據庫 。 Figure 1: Change in the number of unemployed persons(compared to previous month, in thousa

2、nds), seasonally adjusted圖1：在失業人數變化（以千計，較前一個月），經季節性調整 Unemployment levels and rates move in a cyclical way, largely related to the general business cycle .失業水平和利率在一個周期性的方式移動，很大程度上與一般的商業周期。 However, other factors such as labour market policies and demographic developments may influence the short and

3、long-term evolution as well.然而，可能會影響其他因素，如勞動力市場政策和人口發展的短期和長期的演變以及。 This article gives an overview of statistical information for unemployment in the European Union (EU) since the year 2000, starting with the most recent developments.這篇文章給出了失業的統計信息的概述，在歐洲聯盟 （歐盟 ）自2000年以來，與最近的事態發展開始。 Contents目錄 hide&#

4、183; 1 Main statistical findings1 主要統計結果o 1.1 Recent developments in unemployment at a European and Member State level在歐洲和會員國的失業率 1.1 最近的事態發展o 1.2 Unemployment trends1.2 失業趨勢o 1.3 Youth unemployment trends1.3 青年失業趨勢o 1.4 Male and female unemployment trends1.4 男性和女性的失業趨勢 o 1.5 A detailed look at 2010

5、1.5 在2010年的詳細研究 · 2 Data sources and availability2 數據來源和可用性· 3 Context3 上下文· 4 Further Eurostat information4 此外歐盟統計局信息o 4.1 Publications4.1 刊物o 4.2 Main tables4.2 主表o 4.3 Database4.3 數據庫o 4.4 Methodology / Metadata4.4 方法/元· 5 External links5 外部鏈接· 6 See also6 參見Main statisti

6、cal findings 主要統計結果 Figure 2: Unemployment rates in July 2011, seasonally adjusted圖2：在2011年7月的失業率經季節性調整 Figure 3: Unemployment rates, seasonally adjusted圖3：經季節性調整的失業率， Figure 4: Unemployed persons in Europe, in millions, seasonally adjusted圖4：在歐洲的失業人數，百萬元，經季節性調整 Figure 5: Youth unemployment rates, s

7、easonally adjusted圖5：青年失業率，經季節性調整 Table 1: Youth unemployment figures表1：青年失業數字 Figure 6: Unemployment rates by gender in the EU, seasonally adjusted圖6：在歐盟的性別，經季節性調整的失業率， Table 2: Unemployment rate, %表2：失業率 Figure 7: Unemployment rates , 2010, %圖7：失業率，2010年， Figure 8: Unemployment rates by duration,

8、2010, %圖8：失業率由2010年的持續時間， Table 3: Unemployment rates by age and gender, 2010, %表三：按年齡和性別，2010年，的失業率 Table 4: Unemployment rates, EU-27, %表4：失業率，歐盟27 Figure 9: Unemployment rates (among persons aged 25-64 years)by level of educational attainment, 2010, %圖9：失業率（年齡25-64歲之間的受教育程度，2010的水平） Recent develo

9、pments in unemployment at a European and Member State level 最近的事態發展，在歐洲和會員國在失業率 Eurostat estimates that 22.711 million men and women in the EU-27 , of whom 15.757 million were in the euro area ( EA-17 ), were unemployed in July 2011.歐盟統計局估計，22.711萬男性和女性在歐盟27國 ，其中15.757萬是在歐元區（ EA - 17 ），分別于2011年7月失業。

10、 Compared with June 2011, the number of persons unemployed increased by 18 000 in the EU-27 and increased by 61 000 in the euro area.在歐盟27國，與2011年6月相比，增加18 000人失業人數，增加61 000人，在歐元區。 Compared with July 2010, unemployment decreased by 451 000 in the EU-27 and by 247 000 in the euro area. 2010年同月相比，失業人數

11、減少了在歐盟27國和歐元區247 000 451 000。 The euro area seasonally-adjusted unemployment rate was 10.0 % in July 2011, unchanged compared with June 2011; it was 10.2 % in July 2010.歐元區經季節性調整的失業率為10.0，比2011年7月，不變與2011年6月，它是在2010年7月的10.2。 The EU-27 unemployment rate was 9.5 % in July 2011, unchanged compared with

12、 June 2011; it was 9.7 % in July 2010.歐盟27國的失業率為9.5，較2011年7月，不變與2011年6月，它是在2010年7月的9.7。 Among the Member States, the lowest unemployment rates were recorded in Austria (3.7 %), the Netherlands (4.3 %) and Luxembourg (4.6 %), and the highest rates in Spain (21.2 %), Latvia (16.2 % in the first quarte

13、r of 2011) and Lithuania (15.6 % in the second quarter of 2011).在歐盟各成員國在奧地利（3.7），荷蘭（4.3）和盧森堡（4.6），西班牙（21.2）的比例最高，拉脫維亞（在第一季度的16.2，最低的失業率均錄得2011年）和立陶宛在2011年第二季度（15.6）。 Compared with a year ago, the unemployment rate fell in sixteen Member States and increased in eleven.與去年同期相比，失業率降至16個會員國，并在11個增加。 The

14、 largest falls were observed in Estonia (17.9 % to 12.8 % between the second quarters of 2010 and 2011), Latvia (19.9 % to 16.2 % between the first quarters of 2010 and 2011) and Lithuania (18.2 % to 15.6 % between the second quarters of 2010 and 2011).下降最大的是愛沙尼亞（17.9至12.8之間2010年和2011年第二季度），拉脫維亞（19.

15、9，2010年和2011年第一季度的16.2）和立陶宛（18.2至15.6之間的第二個觀察2010年和2011年）的四分之三。 The highest increases were registered in Greece (11.0 % to 15.0 % between the first quarters of 2010 and 2011), Bulgaria (10.0 % to 11.5 %) and Slovenia (7.2 % to 8.4 %).在希臘（11.0至15.0之間2010年和2011年第一季度），保加利亞（10.0至11.5）和斯洛文尼亞（7.28.4）均錄得升幅

16、的最高。 Between July 2010 and July 2011, the unemployment rate for males fell from 10.0 % to 9.6 % in the euro area and from 9.6 % to 9.3 % in the EU-27. 2010年7月至2011年7月，男性失業率從10.0下降到9.6，歐元區從9.6至9.3，在歐盟27國。 The female unemployment rate was unchanged at 10.4 % in the euro area and at 9.7 % in the EU-27.

17、女性失業率為10.4，在歐元區和歐盟27國為9.7不變。 In June 2011, 5.115 million young people (under-25s) were unemployed in the EU-27, of which 3.143 in the euro area.在2011年6月，5.115萬年輕人（25歲以下），在歐盟27國的失業，其中歐元區3.143。 Compared with July 2010, youth unemployment decreased by 173 000 in the EU-27 and by 111 000 in the euro are

18、a.青年失業問題與2010年7月相比，減少了在歐盟27國和歐元區111 000 173 000。 In July 2011, the youth unemployment rate was 20.7% in the EU-27 and 20.5% in the euro area.青年失業率在2011年7月，歐盟27國的20.7和20.5，在歐元區。 In July 2010 it was 20.9 % in both zones. 2010年7月，它是在兩個地區的20.9。 The lowest rates were observed in the Netherlands (7.5 % ),

19、 Austria (7.8 % ) and Germany (9.5 % ) and the highest in Spain (46.2 % ), Greece (38.5 % in the first quarter of 2011), Lithuania ( 33.1 % in the second quarter of 2011) and Slovakia (32.9 %).最低率分別為荷蘭（7.5），奧地利（7.8）和德國（9.5）和西班牙的最高（46.2），希臘（2011年第一季度的38.5），立陶宛（33.1在2011年第二季度）和斯洛伐克（32.9）。 In July 2011

20、, the unemployment rate was 9.1 % in the USA. 2011年7月，在美國的失業率為9.1。 In June 2011, it was 4.6 % in Japan.在2011年6月，是日本的4.6。 Unemployment trends 失業趨勢 In early 2000, just less than 20 million persons were unemployed in the EU-27, slightly below 9 % of the total labour force .早在2000年，只有不到20億人在歐盟27國的失業，稍低于

21、9的總勞動力 。 This figure fell to around 19 million (or 8.5 %) in early 2001 before rising back to around 21 million persons by the middle of 2002, where it remained through until the middle of 2005.這個數字下降到約19萬美元（或8.5）在2001年初之前回升2002年，它一直保持到2005年中期通過中間大約有21億人。 From mid-2005 there was a period of several

22、years of steadily declining unemployment within the EU-27.從2005年年中，有一個幾年穩步下降的失業率在歐盟27國時期。 By the first quarter of 2008, EU-27 unemployment hit a low of 16 million persons (equivalent to a rate of 6.7 %) before rising sharply in the wake of the economic crisis . 2008年第一季度，在喚醒大幅上升之前，歐盟27國的失業率達到了16億人（相

23、當于6.7的速度）低的經濟危機。 The unemployment rate in the euro area ( EA-16 ) followed roughly the same trend as in the EU-27.在歐盟27國的失業率在歐元區（EA - 16）其次大致相同的趨勢。 However, between 2000 and the middle of 2004 the unemployment rate in the euro area was below that recorded in the EU-27.然而，2000年至2004年中期，歐元區的失業率低于歐盟27國

24、的記錄。 This pattern was subsequently reversed as unemployment declined more rapidly in the Member States which do not yet have the euro between 2005 and 2008.這種模式后來扭轉失業率下降更迅速地在會員國尚未有歐元 ，2005年和2008年之間。 In 2000, the unemployment rate in the United States was around 4 %, considerably lower than in the EU

25、.在2000年，在美國的失業率為4左右，大大低于歐盟低。 It remained much lower until early 2008, when unemployment started to increase rapidly.它仍然要低得多，直到2008年初，當失業率開始迅速增加。 By mid-2009, the unemployment rate in the United States had reached the same level as in the EU. 2009年年中，在美國的失業率已經達到了在歐盟相同的水平。 Unemployment rates in Japan

26、were much lower than in the EU, and this was the case throughout the last ten years for which data are available.在日本的失業率比歐盟低得多，這是整個過去十年提供數據的情況下。 Youth unemployment trends 青年失業問題的發展趨勢 Youth unemployment rates are generally much higher than unemployment rates for all ages.青年失業率一般都遠遠高于所有年齡段的失業率更高。 High

27、 youth unemployment rates do reflect the difficulties faced by young people in finding jobs.青年高失業率反映在找工作的年輕人所面臨的困難。 However, this does not necessarily mean that the group of unemployed persons aged between 15 and 24 is large because many young people are studying full-time and are therefore neither

28、working nor looking for a job (so they are not part of the labour force which is used as the denominator for calculating the unemployment rate).然而，這并不一定意味著組15至24歲之間的失業人員，大，因為很多年輕人都就讀全日制和因此既不工作也不找工作（所以他們沒有勞動力的一部分作為計算失業率的分母）。 For this reason, youth unemployment ratios use a slightly different concept:

29、 the unemployment ratio calculates the share of unemployed for the whole population.出于這個原因，青年失業率比使用一個略有不同的概念：失業比率計算為整個人口失業的份額。 Table 1 shows that youth unemployment ratios in the EU are much lower than youth unemployment rates; they have however also risen since 2008 due to the effects of the recent

30、 crisis on the labour market.表1顯示，在歐盟的青年失業比例比青年失業率低得多，但他們也自2008年以來上升，由于在勞動力市場上最近發生的危機的影響。 The youth unemployment rate in the EU-27 was around twice as high as the rate for the total population throughout the last decade.在歐盟27國的青年失業率是整個過去十年的總人口率的兩倍左右。 The EU-27 youth unemployment rate was systematica

31、lly higher than in the euro area between 2000 and early 2008; since this date, these two rates were almost identical (see also figure 5).歐盟27國的青年失業率比在2000年和2008年初之間歐元區系統更高，因為這個日期，這兩個率幾乎相同（參見圖5）。 Male and female unemployment trends 男性和女性的失業率趨勢 Historically, women have been more affected by unemployme

32、nt than men.歷史上，婦女一直受到比男性的失業率。 In 2000, the unemployment rate for women in the EU-27 was around 10 %, while the rate for men was around 8 %.在2000年，在歐盟27國婦女的失業率是10左右，而男子率約為8。 By the end of 2002, this gender gap had narrowed to around 1.3 percentage points and between 2002 and early 2007 this gap rema

33、ined more or less constant.到2002年底，這種性別差距已經縮小到1.3個百分點左右，2002年和2007年初之間的差距仍然或多或少恒定。 In recent years, most markedly since the first quarter of 2008, male and female unemployment rates in the EU-27 have converged and by the second quarter of 2009 the male unemployment rate was higher.近年來，最顯著自2008年第一季度，

34、在歐盟27國的男性和女性的失業率由2009年第二季度的融合和男性失業率較高。 A detailed look at 2010 在2010年的詳細介紹 The overall unemployment rate in the EU-27 reached 9.6 % in 2010.整體失業率在歐盟27國在2010年達到9.6。 In comparison to the rate during 2009, the unemployment rate rose by 0.6 percentage points.在2009年期間的速度相比，失業率上升了0.6個百分點。 This is less tha

35、n the steep rise from 2008 to 2009 due to the economic crisis, when the rate rose by 1.9 percentage points between 2008 and 2009.這是比急劇上升，從2008年至2009年由于經濟危機時，率2008年和2009年間上升了1.9個百分點。 The impact of the economic crisis on unemployment in the years from 2008 to 2010 has now completely wiped out the redu

36、ction experienced in the unemployment rate between 2004 and 2008.對失業的影響 ，從2008年至2010 年的經濟危機，現在已經完全消滅了失業率在2004年和2008年之間經歷了減少。 In the United States, where the unemployment rate grew from 9.3 % to 9.6 % between 2009 and 2010, the pace of the increase in unemployment had somewhat slowed down.在美國，失業率從9.3

37、增長到2009年和2010年間的9.6，失業人數增加的速度有所放慢。 Between 2008 and 2009, the unemployment rate had increased by a staggering 3.5 percentage points. 2008年和2009年間，失業率增加了一個驚人的3.5個百分點。 The unemployment rate rose in all 27 Member States between 2009 and 2010, apart from Germany, Luxembourg, Malta and Austria. 2009年和201

38、0年之間在所有27個成員國的失業率上升，除了來自德國，盧森堡，馬耳他和奧地利。 The biggest decrease was recorded in Germany, where the unemployment rate dropped by 0.7 percentage points.則錄得跌幅最大的德國，在那里的失業率下降了0.7個百分點。 Belgium, France, Romania, Finland, Sweden and the UK also performed well, showing only moderate increases (below 0.5 percen

39、tage points) between 2009 and 2010.比利時，法國，羅馬尼亞，芬蘭，瑞典和英國也表現良好，呈現溫和增長，2009年和2010年之間（低于0.5個百分點）。 While Estonia and Lithuania were among the countries with the highest increases, they recorded decreases in unemployment in the second half of 2010.雖然愛沙尼亞和立陶宛之間的增幅最高的國家，他們記錄了在2010年下半年失業率下降。 High increases w

40、ere also perceived in Greece, Spain and Slovakia.高增長也被認為在希臘，西班牙和斯洛伐克。 Spain remained the country with the highest overall unemployment rate in 2010, at 20.1 %.西班牙仍然是整體失業率最高的國家在2010年，20.1。 The dispersion of unemployment across the EU-27 continued to increase during 2010.分散整個歐盟27國的失業率在2010年繼續增加。 Long-

41、term unemployment is one of the main concerns of policymakers.長期失業是決策者關注的主要問題之一。 Apart from its financial and social effects on personal life, long-term unemployment negatively affects social cohesion and, ultimately, may hinder economic growth.除了從財政和社會對個人生活的影響，長期失業的負面影響社會凝聚力，并最終可能會阻礙經濟增長。 In total,

42、 3.8 % of the labour force in the EU-27 in 2010 had been unemployed for more than one year; almost half of these, 1.8 % of the labour force, had been unemployed for more than two years.總體而言，勞動力在歐盟27國在2010年的3.8已經失業一年以上;近一半，這些勞動力的1.8，已超過兩年的失業。 For the first time since the calculation of EU-27 unemploy

43、ment statistics started (in 2000), the unemployment rate for women was lower than that for men in 2009, and remained so in 2010.計算歐盟27國的失業統計以來的第一次（2000年）開始，女性失業率低于男子在2009年，保持在2010年。 Male unemployment rates were higher than the corresponding rates for women during that year in 14 out of 27 Member Sta

44、tes.男性失業率高于婦女的相應變動率在這一年中的27個成員國中有14。 In the euro area, the unemployment rate for women remained higher than the male rate.在歐元區，婦女的失業率仍高于男性失業率。 The gap between male and female unemployment rates varied from -6.3 percentage points in Greece to +7.2 percentage points in Ireland.男性和女性的失業率從希臘到7.2個百分點-6.3

45、個百分點，在愛爾蘭不同利率之間的差距。 The youth unemployment rate in the EU-27 was more than double the overall unemployment rate in 2010.在2010年，在歐盟27國的青年失業率是整體失業率的一倍以上。 At 20.9 %, more than one out of every five young persons in the labour force was not employed, but looking and available for a job. 20.9，超過每五個人中的青年勞

46、動力未就業，但前瞻性和工作。 In the euro area, the youth unemployment rate was marginally lower at 20.7 %.在歐元區，青年失業率下降20.7。 The unemployment rate among young persons was higher than the rate among those aged between 25 and 74 in all of the Member States.青少年的失業率高于率在所有成員國之間的25和74歲的人。 In Spain (41.6 %), Lithuania (3

47、5.1 %), and Latvia (34.5 %) youth unemployment rates were particularly high.在西班牙（41.6），立陶宛（35.1），拉脫維亞（34.5），青年失業率尤其高。 The Netherlands (8.7 %), Austria (8.7 %), and Germany(9.9 %) were the only Member States with a youth unemployment rate below 10 %.荷蘭（8.7），奧地利（8.7）和德國（9.9）是唯一的會員國與一個青年失業率在10以下。 Educa

48、tional qualifications are still the best insurance against unemployment, which clearly increases the lower the level of education attained.學歷仍然是對失業保險，這顯然增加教育程度越低。 This characteristic was noted in almost every Member State in 2010, as the average unemployment rate in the EU-27 for those having attain

49、ed at most a lower secondary education was 14.2 %, much higher than the rate of unemployment for those that had obtained a tertiary education qualification (4.9 %).這個特點是注意到，幾乎每一個會員國在2010年，在歐盟27國的平均失業率為最多達到率較低的中學教育是14.2，遠遠高于那些已經獲得一個高等教育的失業率更高學歷（4.9）。 Data sources and availability 數據來源和可用性 The main so

50、urce used by Eurostat for unemployment figures is the European Union Labour force survey (EU LFS) .歐盟統計局用于失業數字的主要來源是歐盟勞動力調查（歐盟 的LFS） 。This household survey is carried out in all EU-27 Member States in accordance with European legislation; it provides figures at least each quarter.這是進行住戶統計調查，在所有歐盟27個

51、成員國根據歐洲立法，它提供的數字至少每季度。 There is currently no legal basis for producing and disseminating monthly unemployment data.生產和傳播每月失業數據目前還沒有法律依據。 For many countries, Eurostat calculates monthly data by using additional monthly figures from unemployment registers.對于許多國家來說，歐盟統計局的月度數據計算，通過失業登記的其他，每月數字。 The quar

52、terly LFS results are always used as a benchmark to ensure international comparability.始終使用該季度的勞動力調查結果為基準，以確保國際可比性。 Few countries actually supply monthly unemployment figures directly from the LFS.其實很少有國家供應的LFS直接從每月的失業數字。 Monthly unemployment figures are published by Eurostat as rates (as a percenta

53、ge of the labour force) or levels (in thousands), by gender and for two age groups (persons aged 15-24, and those aged 25-74).每月的失業數字是由歐盟統計局公布的利率（如勞動力的百分比）或水平（千），按性別，和兩個年齡組（15-24歲的人，和那些年齡25-74）。 The figures are available in as unadjusted, seasonally adjusted and trend series.在未調整的， 經季節性調整和趨勢系列數字。 Th

54、ere are monthly estimates for all EU-27 Member States except for Estonia, Greece, Latvia, Lithuania and Romania.每月估計為所有歐盟27個成員國，除愛沙尼亞，希臘，拉脫維亞，立陶宛和羅馬尼亞。 Data for the EU-27 aggregate start in 2000 and for the euro area (EA-16) in 1995; the starting point for individual Member States varies.歐盟27國在2000年

55、的總啟動，并在1995年對歐元區（EA - 16）的數據;個別會員國的出發點不同。 Quarterly and annual unemployment figures from the LFS are also published, with more detailed breakdowns (for example, a wider range of age groups, by nationality, or by educational attainment); there are also figures available on long-term unemployment.還出版了

56、LFS的季度和年度的失業數字，更詳細分類的（例如，一個范圍更廣的年齡組，按國籍，或按教育程度劃分），也有長期失業數字。 Context 上下文 The unemployment rate is an important indicator with both social and economic dimensions.失業率與社會和經濟方面的一個重要指標。 Rising unemployment results in a loss of income for individuals, increased pressure with respect to government spending

57、 on social benefits and a reduction in tax revenue.在對個人收入的損失的失業率上升的結果，增加政府開支方面的壓力，社會福利和稅收的減少。 From an economic perspective, unemployment may be viewed as unused labour capacity.從經濟角度來看，失業率可能會被視為未使用的勞動能力。 The International Labour Organization definition of the unemployment rate is the most widely use

58、d labour market indicator because of its international comparability and relatively timely availability.國際勞工組織對失業率的定義是使用最廣泛的，因為它的國際可比性和相對及時提供勞動力市場指標。 Besides the unemployment rate, indicators such as employment and job vacancies also give useful insights into labour market developments.除了 失業率指標，如就業及

59、職位空缺也給進入勞動力市場的發展有益的見解。 The time series on unemployment are used by the European Commission, other public institutions, and the media as an economic indicator; banks may use the data for business cycle analysis.對失業時間序列是由歐洲委員會，其他公共機構，和媒體作為一個經濟指標，銀行可以使用的數據的商業周期分析。 Finally, the general public might also be interested in changes in unemployment.最后，廣大市民也可能對失業率的變化感興趣。 The unemplo