1、Welcome復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)Tombrokethewindow.（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom.（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）英語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（前者表示句子的（前者表示句子的主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，后者表示句子的，后者表示句子的主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者。）。）從以上對(duì)比可以看出，主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)Tom在被動(dòng)句中變成了短語(yǔ)byTom，主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)thewindow變成了被動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)。由于被動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)即主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)，因此，。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分

2、詞及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞Be的變化是通過(guò)人稱、數(shù)的變化是通過(guò)人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。和時(shí)態(tài)的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)v賓變主賓變主(如是人稱代詞賓格要變成主格如是人稱代詞賓格要變成主格),v主變賓主變賓(如是人稱代詞主格要變成賓如是人稱代詞主格要變成賓 格格)by后跟后跟,v謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成加過(guò)去分詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成加過(guò)去分詞.Forexample: We clean the classroom. The classroom is cleaned by us. He plant trees . Trees are planted by him.

3、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成時(shí) 間一 般進(jìn) 行完 成現(xiàn) 在 am/is/are asked 被問(wèn) am/is/are being asked 正在被問(wèn) have/has been asked 已經(jīng)被問(wèn)過(guò)過(guò) 去 was/were asked（過(guò)去）被問(wèn) was/were being asked（過(guò)去）正被問(wèn) had been asked（過(guò)去）已被問(wèn)過(guò)將 來(lái) shall/will be asked 將要被問(wèn)1被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)均由助動(dòng)詞be的變化構(gòu)成。2被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式和疑問(wèn)式均由助動(dòng)詞或第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。3.人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化體現(xiàn)在be動(dòng)詞上，而過(guò)去分詞在任何時(shí)態(tài)中都不改變。過(guò)去將來(lái) should/would

4、 be asked（過(guò)去）將要被問(wèn)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基本構(gòu)成：be+過(guò)去分詞常見(jiàn)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)v1SVO句型的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)SVO句型中的謂語(yǔ)為單賓及物動(dòng)詞，其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)是：S+V(被動(dòng)式)(+by短語(yǔ))。Hewrotethebooktwoyearsago.Thebookwaswrittenbyhimtwoyearsago.v.2SVoO句型的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)SVoO句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為雙賓及物動(dòng)詞，其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)是：S+V(被動(dòng)式)+O/o(保留賓語(yǔ))(+by短語(yǔ))。Myauntgavemeanapple.*Iwasgivenanapple.Anapplewasgiventome.一般把間接賓語(yǔ)（表示人）作為被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，而把

5、直接賓語(yǔ)（表示物）作為保留賓語(yǔ)。如果把直接賓語(yǔ)作為被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，則間接賓語(yǔ)作為保留賓語(yǔ)，它的前面通常要用介詞to或for（視動(dòng)詞而定）v3SVOC句型的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)SVOC句型中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為復(fù)賓及物動(dòng)詞，其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)是：S+V(被動(dòng)式)+C(主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))(+by短語(yǔ))。PeopleusuallycallmeJimforshort.IamusuallycalledJimforshort在被動(dòng)句中作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式一律要帶to，不論其作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)是否帶tov4短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)是：S+V(被動(dòng)式)+介詞/副詞(+by短語(yǔ))。在將含有短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)句時(shí)，原短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞

6、或副詞（如以上句中的for,off,of）不能遺漏。Wehavesentforadoctor.Adoctorhasbeensentforv5帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)是：S+V(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主要?jiǎng)釉~的被動(dòng)式)(+by短語(yǔ))Youmustdoitatonce.Itmustbedoneatonce.各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)1、TheChinesefood_tobethehealthiestintheworld.A.considersB.isconsideringC.isconsideredD.hasconsidered2、John_,forhewentswimmingyesterdayw

7、ithoutpermission.wouldpunishedB.hadpunishedC.punishedD.waspunished3、-Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?-Notyet.Rooms_.A.arepaintingB.arepaintedC.arebeingpaintingD.arebeingpainted一般時(shí)態(tài)：am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：am/is/are+being+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)：was/were+過(guò)去分詞4、Mr.Wuwasinhospital.whenwewenttoseehim,he_on.A.operatedB.wasope

8、ratedC.wasoperatingD.wasbeingoperated5、Thenewschool_whenthenewtermbegins.A.finishesB.willfinishC.willbefinishedD.wouldfinish6、Theoldscientistsaidthathe_tovisittheircountrybeforelong.A.invitedB.hadinvitedC.wasinvitingD.wouldbeinvited過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)：will+be+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)：would+be+過(guò)去分詞7、W

9、iththehelpoftheHopeProject,moreandmorenewschools_inthepoorarea.A.builtB.havebuiltC.havebeenbuiltD.havebeenbuilding8、Hecameoutandtoldusthatthework_.A.finishedB.wasfinishedC.hadfinishedD.hadbeenfinished9、Theprogrammes_easilyifyouuseashortwaveradio.A.canpickupB.pickupC.pickedupD.canbepickedup現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：hav

10、e/has+been+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)：had+been+過(guò)去分詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞a) 不知道或沒(méi)必要知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Thebookwasfirstpublishedinthelate1990s.b)不便說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Theplanwasgenerallyconsideredimpractical.c)突出動(dòng)作的承受者。Sheisrespectedbyalltheworkersofthefactory.d)漢語(yǔ)中的無(wú)主句，在英語(yǔ)中用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.e)為了保持主語(yǔ)的一貫性。Theoldprofessorw

11、heeledhimselfintotheclassroomandwaswarmlyapplaudedbythestudents.何時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)4）有些短語(yǔ)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)doonesbest,makeaface,makeroom(騰位子），makeuponesmind,belongto不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況（考點(diǎn)）1）不及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；注意：happen,breakout,takeplaceThestorywashappenedin1934.(）2）表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；have,lack,fitIhaveanewbike.3）連系動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；Thestoryissoundedtrue

12、.(）1）感官動(dòng)詞(taste;feel;smell;sound;look)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)。Howsweetthemusicsounds!Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.2）write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。尤其是有副詞well,easily時(shí)。Thebooksellswell.(這本書(shū)銷(xiāo)路很好。)Thedoorwillnotopen.(這扇門(mén)就是打不開(kāi)。)Thisdresswashesbetter.(這衣服較好洗。)Thesignreadsasfollows.(這牌子告示如下。)特殊情況（考試重點(diǎn)）3）need,demand,want(需要）,require,beworth等后用動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)。Thedeskne