1、英語(yǔ)句子成分Office of WPSProfessor Laura Amrkhoul,2012英語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)的 5 種基本句型種基本句型一、主語(yǔ)一、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)二、主語(yǔ)二、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)三、主語(yǔ)三、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ) I give him a book.四、主語(yǔ)四、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) I want you to go with me.五、五、主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) It smells good. She is a teacher.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)的 8 大句子成分大句子成分主語(yǔ)：subject

2、謂語(yǔ)：predicate賓語(yǔ)：object direct object (直接賓語(yǔ)) indirect object (間接賓語(yǔ)）定語(yǔ)：attributive狀語(yǔ)：adverbial補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：object complement表語(yǔ)：predicative同位語(yǔ)：appositive主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)subject predicateobjectdirect object (直接賓語(yǔ))indirect object (間接賓語(yǔ)）The pretty girl sings songs on the stage every Sunday.Mum bought my sister a pre

3、sent. The sun gives us light and warmth. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)predicative定義：系動(dòng)詞后面的成分叫作表語(yǔ)。定義：系動(dòng)詞后面的成分叫作表語(yǔ)。一、狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有be一詞。He is a teacher. These desks are yellow.I am all right.We are happy now.二、持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay, stand。He always kept s

4、ilent at meeting. This matter remains a mystery. I cant stay awake any longer.The house stands empty for a long time.三、表像系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)像”這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. 四、感官系動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。This kind of cloth feels very soft.This flower smells v

5、ery sweet.五、變化系動(dòng)詞這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，變化系動(dòng)詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time.六、終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)“證實(shí)”“變成”之意。The rumor proved false. The search proved difficult. His plan turned out a success.同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)appositiveMr. Sm

6、ith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brothers.He told me that his brother John was a world-famous doctor.We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)attributive一、介詞短語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)一、介詞短語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.The boy in blue is Tom.There are

7、two boys of 9, and three of 10.二、形容詞定語(yǔ)所有的形容詞，只要后面加名詞，都是定語(yǔ)。She is a beautiful girl.You are all hard-working students.三、名詞定語(yǔ)The boy needs a ball pen.The woman doctor is my mother.四、副詞定語(yǔ)The boy there needs a pen.The best boy here is Tom.Read the paragraph below.We had to get off and take the bus behind

8、.五、不定式定語(yǔ)The boy to write this letter needs a pen.There is nothing to do today.He is the best man to do the job.六、分詞定語(yǔ)The smiling boy needs the pen bought by his mother.We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.They built a highway leading into the mountains. The swimming pool is over ther

9、e.七、定語(yǔ)從句 I like the book that / which Tom is reading. Henry is the boy who / that is reading a book. We are helping the man whose car had broken down. He is the man whom / that I saw yesterday. I used to play with him in the years when I lived in the countryside. It is the reason why he didnt go to

10、school. I like the village where I spent my childhood.狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)adverbial一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)She is to be married next month. 她預(yù)定在下個(gè)月結(jié)婚。Ill meet you at 4 oclock. 我將在4點(diǎn)鐘和你見(jiàn)面。A lot of students missed my lecture yesterday. 昨天許多學(xué)生誤了我的課。二、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)I first met him in Paris. 我初次見(jiàn)到他是在巴黎。注：地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)除表位置外，還可以表“出發(fā)”“去向”“距離”等。如：Are you glad

11、to be going back to school? 返回學(xué)校你感到高興嗎? They lived many miles from the town. 他們住的地方離鎮(zhèn)子好幾英里遠(yuǎn)。三、方面狀語(yǔ)She is very weak in physics. 她物理很不行。China is very rich in natural resources. 中國(guó)自然資源豐富。This is better in every way than that. 這個(gè)在哪一方面都比那個(gè)要好。The bridge is 2500 meters in length and 150 meters in height. 這

12、座橋長(zhǎng)2500米，高150米。四、原因狀語(yǔ)He was surprised at what she said. 聽(tīng)到她說(shuō)的話，他很吃驚。He succeeded by hard work. 他由于努力工作而成功。He was sent to prison for robbery. 他因?yàn)閾尳俣?。五、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)He talked his wife into buying a car. 他說(shuō)服他妻子買一輛小汽車。It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. 大雨滂沱，造成了那個(gè)國(guó)家洪水泛濫。六、目的狀語(yǔ)They went

13、out for a walk. 他們出去散步了。He stood aside for her to pass. 他靠邊站讓她過(guò)去。He cupped his ear to hear better. 他的手捂著耳朵，以便聽(tīng)得更清楚。七、條件狀語(yǔ)Can you see without your glasses? 你不戴眼鏡能看得清東西嗎？United, we stand；divided, we fall. 團(tuán)結(jié)則存，分裂則亡。With more money I would be able to buy it. 錢多一點(diǎn)的話，我就買得起。八、讓步狀語(yǔ)For all his money, hes a

14、very lonely man. 他雖然富有，可是非常寂寞。Carol went to work in spite of feeling ill. 卡洛爾盡管感到不舒服仍去上了班。九、程度狀語(yǔ)I dont like coffee very much. 我不太喜歡咖啡。To a great extent, it is not fair. 在很大程度上，這是不公平的。The system which is used in this school is very successful. 這個(gè)學(xué)校所施行的制度是非常成功的。十、方式狀語(yǔ)We came on the bus. 我們坐公共汽車來(lái)的。You

15、must pay the bill in cash. 你必須用現(xiàn)金付賬。I watched the game on television. 我在電視上收看了那場(chǎng)比賽。十一、伴隨狀語(yǔ)I slept with the window open. 我開(kāi)著窗睡覺(jué)。She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含著淚水說(shuō)再見(jiàn)。He ran up to her breathing heavily. 他氣喘吁吁地跑到她跟前。十二、比較狀語(yǔ)Lesson Two is not as difficult as Lesson One.Our class is bigger th

16、an yours.十三、評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)To be honest, I dont like him at all.老實(shí)說(shuō)，我根本不喜歡他。Generally speaking, men can run faster than women. 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，男人比女人跑得快一些。Perhaps it will, perhaps it wont.也許會(huì)，也許不會(huì)。補(bǔ)語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)object complement定義：置于賓語(yǔ)之后補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)定義：置于賓語(yǔ)之后補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的的叫做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。叫做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。一、不定式 Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！?We believe him to be guilty. 我們認(rèn)為他是有罪的。 We made him copy the sentence. He is made to copy the sentence. 二、名詞 At the meeting we elected him monitor. At the meeting we elected him a new monitor. I think your brother a clever boy. 三、形容詞 What you said made Xiao Wang angry. I found t