1、Lesson 1. Time arrangementPart I : Listen to the material (40mins)Part H : English Discussion(lh) .Teaching Objective1. Listening to the tape and watching video, so as to get interested in listening and talking in English, and then develop the interest in English learning.2. To understand the materi

2、als listened .esp difficult sentences.3. To share their opinions about fashion.4. To practice role-playing on related materialsID .Teaching ProceduresStep One: BBC English- Fashion VictimNeil: Youre listening to Real English from BBC Learning English. Im Neil.Helen: 大家好 , 我是 Helen, 希望在今天的地道英語(yǔ)中您能學(xué)到實(shí)用

3、的新表達(dá)。Neil: Are you a fashion victim Helen?Helen: Im not sure. 我挺喜歡時(shí)裝的。Neil: A fashion victim is someone who always wears the most fashionable clothes, or follows the latest fads.Helen: Fads -短期的流行趨勢(shì)。 喜歡時(shí)尚難道是件壞事嗎？為什么這些追求時(shí)尚的 人被稱為 victims 犧牲者，受害者呢 ?Neil: They are fashion victims because they wear thing

4、s which don t suit them, or look ridiculous, just because they are in fashion.Helen: Ah, 原來(lái)這些人盲目地追求時(shí)尚，沒有考慮新潮流的時(shí)裝到底適不適合他們。Neil: A fashion victim might wear something very unflattering, just because its fashionable.Helen: Unflattering - 不合身的，突出自己缺點(diǎn)的。ExampleA: Look at Lucy. Doesnt she look ridiculous i

5、n that dress? It doesnt suit her at all.B: Yeah shes only wearing it because she saw it in a magazine. Shes such a fashion victim.Helen: 我們復(fù)習(xí)一下，今天我們學(xué)到的新表達(dá)是Neil: Fashion victim.Helen: 時(shí)尚犧牲者，指的是那些盲目追求時(shí)尚的人，對(duì)時(shí)尚其實(shí)并沒有真正的理解。Neil: Goodbye.Helen: 我們下次節(jié)目再見!(I) Vocabulary1. fashion victim: 時(shí)尚犧牲者2. he latest fa

6、ds: 短期的流行趨勢(shì)3. Unflattering ：不合身的，突出自己缺點(diǎn)的(II) Background Notesf The Year Of Dressing Ridiculously-Power shoulders 大墊肩， towering platform shoes 松糕鞋， leg warmers 暖腿套 , and womens blazers cut for football players穿起來(lái)感覺像橄欖球運(yùn)動(dòng)員的帶墊肩女士短上衣， Skinny jeans for men 男士煙管牛仔褲Ive compiled a list of the worst - and be

7、st - trends of 2009.我列舉了一些2009年的最差和最佳著裝。unless your budget is unlimited, super-trendy styles are what H&M, Zara and Target were made for. Save your luxury dollars for clothes that wont make youcringe. ： 除非你的置裝預(yù)算多得沒邊， 否則， 你要知道真正超級(jí)時(shí)尚風(fēng)范是由 H&M 、 Zara 和 Target 等品牌創(chuàng)造的。你還是把你打算花在奢侈品上的銀子省下來(lái)，買些不會(huì)讓你看起 來(lái)招人煩的衣裳吧

8、。The Bad and the Ugly-KILLER BOOTIES.粗跟短靴we should wonder what it says that so many stylish women have been clomping around like draft horses in giant ankle-boots that are often adorned with buckles, straps and fringe.我們應(yīng)該想想那么多時(shí)髦女子穿著這種粗笨、僅到腳踝、還多半裝點(diǎn) 著扣子、皮帶和流蘇的大號(hào)靴子，活像拉車的馬一樣拖著沉重的腳步走來(lái)走去到底說(shuō)明了什么- -SKINNY

9、JEANS FOR MEN. 男士煙管牛仔褲- -SHORT SHORTS WITH TIGHTS.熱褲搭配連褲襪Unless you are six feet tall and resemble a fashion model, this looks chunky horizontal blocks of color will make you look several inches shorter and wider. Seeskirts with booties.除非你身高6英尺，有著模特兒般的好身材。 這身裝扮中大塊橫向延展的色彩會(huì)使你看上去在變矮了幾英寸的同時(shí)又加寬了幾英寸。在這一問(wèn)

10、題上你可以參考短靴與短裙的搭配。- -POWER SHOULDERS.超級(jí)大墊肩- -NECKTIE BLOUSES.領(lǐng)結(jié)上衣- -HAREM PANTS.燈籠褲Lets not get started on these baggy-bottomed trousers, which really dont look flattering, even if you can emerge from a small bottle and grant us three wishes.Not even if Giorgio Armani designed them.我們還是別提這種臀部像口袋一樣的褲子了

11、吧，它真的不好看，就算您穿著它從瓶子里鉆出來(lái)、能實(shí)現(xiàn)我三個(gè)心愿，我也不能說(shuō)您好看；就算它是阿瑪尼(Giorgio Armani)設(shè)計(jì)的，它也不好看。The Good-廣告狂人復(fù)古裝 (MAD MEN) 。 Guys hit the jackpot with this trim, minimalist take on suiting and sportswear.男士正裝和運(yùn)動(dòng)裝又回歸了緊身的極簡(jiǎn)主義風(fēng)格。perfect for the Great Recession,這對(duì)于大蕭條時(shí)期再合適不過(guò)了。Plus it brought backfedoras and pork-pie hats, gi

12、ving men a total look and all of us another accessoryto shop for.頂軟呢帽和平頂卷邊圓帽于因此重現(xiàn)江湖。-女扮男裝 BOYFRIEND CLOTHESLadies, if you havent been stealing clothes from your mens closets this past year, youve been missing out. Unlike power shoulders, boy-cut jeans and man-style shoes are great because they can b

13、e simultaneously flattering and comfortable.女士們，如果你今年沒有從你家男人的衣櫥里面偷衣服的話，那你可落伍了。和權(quán)力套裝不一樣，男式仔褲和鞋子看起來(lái)很棒，因?yàn)樗鼈兗瘚趁暮褪孢m于一身。一白色(細(xì)亞麻)襯衣 THE (CRISP) WHITE SHIRT.A winner for women of all ages that should be around for many years, the white shirt projects power and disguises a host of bodily sins.白襯衣適于各個(gè)年齡段的女性，應(yīng)

14、該是常年必備的單品，它凸現(xiàn)出穿著者的權(quán)力感，并能掩蓋身材上的諸多缺陷。- -連衣裙 THE DRESS.Whether theyre sheaths, wraps, nip-waisted or straight, they share a vital element: They make women look like grown-ups rather than baby dolls. Big widebelts pull them together. (But enough with cinching those belts just below the bustline a la Mic

15、helle Obama.)無(wú)論它們是緊身的、包裹式的、收腰的還是直筒式的，它們都有一個(gè)重要的共同點(diǎn)，那就是穿上它女人像個(gè)成年人，而不是個(gè)娃娃人偶。一條寬腰帶?奧巴馬可以讓人顯得很精神。(但是要束在腰部偏高的位置，就像美國(guó)第一夫人米歇爾(Michelle Obama)那樣。)- -短褲裙 DRESSY SHORTS.- -開襟上衣 THE CARDIGAN. Lets just say a prayer: Please, let it never, ever be relegated to just grandpas again. Amen.(III) Training Focus1. Ask

16、the students to get the needed information;2. .Train the students abilities in filling in the missing words;(IV) Consolidation (i)Questions:1. What is your fashion style?2. What are the fashion disasters in your opinion?3. What do you think of the saying- Fine clothes make the man 人靠衣裝佛靠金裝 ?Step Two

17、: Speaking Practice ?Two topics for discussion:(1) Do you have the experiences of being a fashion victim? If you do, what are they?(2) Would you like to be a person dressing elegantly? And do you think it is good for you?Step Three:Process1. Ask the students to listen to the video three times to fil

18、l in the missing sentences;2. The teacher check the answers;3. Let the students watch the short play again and do some note-taking, and then ask some students to tell its main idea;Lesson 2. Time arrangementPart I : Listen to the material (40mins)Part H : English Discussion(lh) .Teaching Objective1.

19、 Listening to the tape and watching video, so as to get interested in listening and talking in English, and then develop the interest in English learning.2. To understand the materials listened .esp difficult sentences.3. To share their opinions about fashion.4. To practice role-playing on related m

20、aterialsID .Teaching ProceduresStep One: VocabularyUK Graduate Tax英國(guó)的“畢業(yè)稅”Proposeproposal提意建議建議（n）scheme計(jì)劃方某The UCU=The Universitiesand College Union(UCU)英國(guó)高校聯(lián)盟Miss out錯(cuò)過(guò)，忽略，Glossan/同正表graduate tax 一 畢業(yè)稅lent-貸（款）tuition fees -學(xué)費(fèi)proposal -提議higher-earning -高收入fairer system 一更公平的體制ongoing -持續(xù)的bracing

21、themselves -做準(zhǔn)備predicted -預(yù)言debt -債務(wù)representing -代表rebrand -新名稱milestone -里程碑to ensure -確保contributions -貢獻(xiàn)determined -由決定feasible -可行的radical re-think -徹底的重新思考measures 一措施、方法announcement -公告Step Two: Background Introduction英國(guó)商務(wù)大臣文思？凱博日前提議按照英國(guó)大學(xué)生畢業(yè)后的收入水平對(duì)他們征收“畢業(yè)稅”，以代替目前的大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)。這將是高等教育主要改革的措施之一 按照該計(jì)劃，

22、學(xué)生無(wú)需再向政府貸款繳納學(xué)費(fèi)，而是由政府直接向大學(xué)劃撥學(xué)學(xué)生畢業(yè)后一旦找到工作就要開始償還學(xué)費(fèi)，收入越高，償還的金額越多凱博博士在倫敦南岸大學(xué)發(fā)表演講前接受英國(guó)廣播公司今日節(jié)目采訪時(shí)說(shuō):“我們希望引入一個(gè)更加公平、結(jié)合人們實(shí)際償還能力的方案，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行調(diào)研。”此外，作為削減高等教育成本的舉措之一，該計(jì)劃向大學(xué)生“推銷”兩年制的大學(xué)課程和更加靈活的業(yè)余課程。主持英國(guó)高等教育全面評(píng)估工作的布朗勛爵將對(duì)該提案進(jìn)行調(diào)研，評(píng)估報(bào)告將于今年秋天公布。應(yīng)政府削減預(yù)算的要求，英格蘭高等教育基金管理委員會(huì)致信各高校通知本年度將削減2億英鎊的預(yù)算開支，其中包括 8200萬(wàn)英鎊的教學(xué)津貼。代表大學(xué)老師的英國(guó)高校聯(lián)盟

23、告誡政府“不要試圖增加民眾的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)”。高校聯(lián)盟的秘書長(zhǎng)薩莉？亨特說(shuō)如果政府認(rèn)為可以通過(guò)什么畢業(yè)稅來(lái)將高額學(xué)費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)嫁至民眾身上，那簡(jiǎn)直是在做夢(mèng)。”英國(guó)自1998年工黨執(zhí)政期間開始實(shí)行大學(xué)收費(fèi)制。目前英國(guó)大學(xué)生每年需繳納3225英鎊的學(xué)費(fèi)，學(xué)生畢業(yè)后年收入超過(guò)1.5萬(wàn)英鎊時(shí)開始償還這筆貸款。英國(guó)畢業(yè)稅方案胎死腹中2010-07-27 來(lái)源：上海證券報(bào)作者：李俊辰李俊辰為了大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)，本屆保守黨自民黨的聯(lián)合政府不光傷透了腦筋，還起了“內(nèi)訌”。于是，今年7月中旬由主管高等教育事務(wù)的英國(guó)商業(yè)、革新和技能部大臣文斯凱布爾( VinceCable )提出的畢業(yè)稅方案尚未推出就先被否決。英格蘭大學(xué)生雖然要繳學(xué)費(fèi)

24、，但學(xué)費(fèi)由政府向?qū)W生提供貸款支付，大學(xué)生在就讀期間可以不必繳費(fèi)，等于是“先享受、后付款”。對(duì)大學(xué)生而言，這是一筆很理想的交易，但就納稅人而言， 大學(xué)生在就業(yè)后收入達(dá)到一定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之后才開始還款， 而且這筆教育貸款的利息比照通貨膨脹率，等于是零利率貸款。實(shí)在是一筆很不劃算的生意。自民黨的凱布爾認(rèn)為，在討論大學(xué)經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源時(shí)，應(yīng)“優(yōu)先考慮”畢業(yè)稅方案，但遭來(lái)許多質(zhì)疑，聯(lián)合政府內(nèi)部也有人提議讓大學(xué)發(fā)行債券來(lái)籌集資金。而聯(lián)合政府內(nèi)部最大的意見，是希望維持學(xué)生直接付款給各個(gè)大學(xué)的方式，因此畢業(yè)稅這個(gè)概念“行不通”。畢業(yè)稅和大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)最大的不同點(diǎn)就是，大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)的償還金額以每人的借貸金額為基準(zhǔn)，而畢業(yè)稅則是畢業(yè)后收入

25、越高者， 繳費(fèi)越高，甚至超過(guò)他們的學(xué)費(fèi)。 當(dāng)然，這也有其爭(zhēng)議性和公平與否的問(wèn)題。有些大學(xué)生付費(fèi)比較多，有些付費(fèi)比較少，讓收入高的人繳更多畢業(yè)稅，甚至超過(guò)他們的大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)，來(lái)補(bǔ)貼其他人的學(xué)費(fèi)， 并不是真的公平。此外， 也有人擔(dān)心畢業(yè)稅會(huì)導(dǎo)致人才流失，一流人才畢業(yè)后去國(guó)外就業(yè)，英國(guó)政府什么也收不到。與大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)不同的另外一點(diǎn)是，畢業(yè)稅是通過(guò)納稅的形式進(jìn)了政府的國(guó)庫(kù)，然后再撥款給大學(xué)， 而大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)則是直接付款給各個(gè)大學(xué)。 這筆稅收最終可能還是會(huì)撥給大學(xué)本身， 但是撥多少， 什么時(shí)候撥款， 目前還沒有確定的說(shuō)法。 更別提政府撥款給大學(xué)通常還會(huì)設(shè)立一些附帶條件。 也就是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因， 代表英國(guó)研究型大學(xué)的“

26、羅素集團(tuán)”主張?jiān)试S大學(xué)收取學(xué)費(fèi)， 而且上限由各大學(xué)自行設(shè)定。 按照這些頂尖學(xué)府的看法， 名牌大學(xué)就算收取昂貴的學(xué)費(fèi)，也不乏“顧客上門”， 大學(xué)增加的收入可以設(shè)立獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金， 補(bǔ)貼貧窮學(xué)生， 這點(diǎn)和美國(guó)大學(xué)的做法相同。 但對(duì)其他排名不那么靠前的“普通大學(xué)”來(lái)說(shuō)， 以學(xué)費(fèi)為導(dǎo)向的高等教育市場(chǎng)對(duì)他們就很不利了。 對(duì)這些大學(xué)而言， 畢業(yè)稅是“兩害相衡取其輕”的結(jié)果， 而且實(shí)施畢業(yè)稅，實(shí)質(zhì)上意味著其他大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生在補(bǔ)貼他們大學(xué)生的學(xué)費(fèi)。從下個(gè)學(xué)年度起，有40% 的英格蘭大學(xué)收到的政府撥款下降，另外40% 得到的政府撥款雖然有所增加，但增幅低于通貨膨脹率，等于實(shí)質(zhì)上的減少。只有20% 的大學(xué)得到的政府撥款增加

27、幅度超過(guò)5% ，也就是目前的通貨膨脹率。英格蘭高等教育撥款委員會(huì)表示，政府撥給大學(xué)和繼續(xù)教育學(xué)院的總金額達(dá)74 億英鎊， 這比今年三月的預(yù)估要多了 2100 萬(wàn)英鎊。羅素集團(tuán)中只有五所大學(xué)得到的撥款比去年增加，包括牛津大學(xué)，但增比低于通貨膨脹率。倫敦政經(jīng)學(xué)院撥款減少幅度最多，比起去年要減少了 6.5% ，將近 200 萬(wàn)英鎊。此外，倫敦商學(xué)院獲得的撥款更一下子減少了 12% 。有分析人士認(rèn)為，大學(xué)得到政府經(jīng)費(fèi)減少，可能是因?yàn)橐恍┙?jīng)費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)往投資與科學(xué)研究方面。那英國(guó)大學(xué)畢業(yè)生就業(yè)情況如何呢？據(jù)官方數(shù)字， 去年的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生有大約 10% 至今仍未找到工作。失業(yè)率同前一年的 8% 相比有所上升。英國(guó)高

28、等教育統(tǒng)計(jì)局說(shuō)，這是過(guò)去七年來(lái)最高的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生失業(yè)數(shù)字。而在畢業(yè)六個(gè)月內(nèi)即找到職業(yè)的大學(xué)生比率也由前一年的62% 下降到 59% 。大學(xué)畢業(yè)生找到工作的難易程度與他們所學(xué)專業(yè)有關(guān)。統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字顯示，所有醫(yī)學(xué)系的畢業(yè)生全部就業(yè)，失業(yè)率最高的是計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)畢業(yè)生( 17% )。艱難階段失業(yè)率最低的前六名專業(yè)分別為：醫(yī)學(xué)（0% ）,教育（5% ）,法律（6% ）,生物（9% ）,語(yǔ)言（9% ），數(shù)學(xué)（10% ）。失業(yè)率最高的前六名專業(yè)分別為：計(jì)算機(jī)（17% ），傳媒（14% ）,建筑、工程、藝術(shù)（均為 13% ）,商業(yè)（11% ）。對(duì)于那些初次走出校門尋求職業(yè)的畢業(yè) 生來(lái)說(shuō)，目前的確是非常艱難的階段。學(xué)聯(lián)

29、負(fù)責(zé)人說(shuō)，大學(xué)畢業(yè)生是推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的主要?jiǎng)?力，政府應(yīng)確保這些人的聰明才智不被浪費(fèi)，努力幫助他們找到合適的職業(yè)。現(xiàn)在，所有的討論都在等待將在保守黨10月年會(huì)之后公布的由布朗勛爵主持的大學(xué)資金和學(xué)費(fèi)檢討報(bào)告。檢討報(bào)告將就大學(xué)如何籌集資金、以及是否要提高目前的大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)提出建議。目前大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)上限是一年3225英鎊，有人估計(jì)可能會(huì)漲價(jià)至 5000英鎊，甚至7000英鎊。雖然聯(lián)合政府不同意采用畢業(yè)稅來(lái)支付大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)，但是也不希望用簡(jiǎn)單的漲學(xué)費(fèi)方式來(lái)解決問(wèn)題。因?yàn)闈q學(xué)費(fèi)，等于撕毀了自民黨競(jìng)選時(shí)主張廢除大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)的承諾。Step Three： BBC English- UK Graduate Tax 英國(guó)的“畢

30、業(yè)稅” Spot Dictation The UK government are 1 a graduate tax for students in the future.Currently, students are lent money from the government to 2and theypay back the money once they are earning over15,000 (130,000 yuan) a year.The new 3 would see students repaying their 4 when they areworking, throug

31、h a graduate tax.This 5 would see higher-earning graduates paying more and is said to be a 6.At the moment there is an 7 into university 8 and students arebracing themselves for the outcome.Graduates want fairer university funding Some have predicted that 9 could double, causing more and more studen

32、ts to worry about their personal student debt.The union representing lecturers, the UCU, is worried that the graduate tax 10 would just be a 11 for student debt and not change the current situation.So what do studentsmake of the graduate tax? Well the NationalUnion ofStudents says they are pleased a

33、nd see the proposal of a graduate tax as a12 in a campaign to ensure fairer university funding.The NUS want to make sure that graduate 13 are determined on actualearnings.14.They have called for15 .The announcement comes at the same time 16This is due to a record increase in the amount of people app

34、lying to go into further education.Authentic scriptThe UK government are proposing a graduate tax for students in the future.Currently, students are lent money from the government to cover fees and they pay back the money once they are earning over ?15,000 (130,000 yuan) a year.The new scheme would

35、see students repaying their tuition fees when they are working, through a graduate tax.This proposal would see higher-earning graduates paying more and is said to be a fairer system.At the moment there is an ongoing review into university fees and students are bracing themselves for the outcome.Grad

36、uates want fairer university fundingSome have predicted that tuition fees could double, causing more and more students to worry about their personal student debt.The union representing lecturers, the UCU, is worried that the graduate tax scheme would just be a rebrand for student debt and not change

37、 the current situation.So what do studentsmake ofthegraduatetax? Well the NationalUnion ofStudents says they arepleasedandsee theproposal of a graduatetax as amilestone in a campaign to ensure fairer university funding.The NUS want to make sure that graduate contributions are determined on actual ea

38、rnings.The government still have to look into how feasible the new scheme would be but they have stated that there needs to be a radical re-think on how the higher education system is funded.They have called for other measures to cut the cost of university, such as two-year degrees, more part-time a

39、nd flexible courses and more students living in their family home.The announcement comes at the same time as thousands of people are set to miss out on a UK university place. This is due to a record increase in the amount of people applying to go into further education.(III) Training Focus3. Ask the

40、 students to get the needed information;4. .Train the students abilities in filling in the missing words;(IV) Consolidation(i)Questions:1. What is your opinion on Chinese university funding?2. How did you pay your tuition fees ?3. Do you agree to the idea about graduate tax in UK?Step Two:Process1.

41、Ask the students to listen to the video three times to fill inthe missing sentences;2. The teacher check the answers;3. Let the students watch the short play again and do some note-taking, and then ask some students to tell its main idea;Lesson 3I . Time arrangementPart I : Listen to the material (4

42、0mins)Part H : English Discussion(1h) .Teaching Objective1. Listening to the tape and watching video, so as to get interested in listening and talking in English, and then develop the interest in English learning.2. To understand the materials listened .esp difficult sentences.3. To share their opin

43、ions about fashion.4. To practice role-playing on related materialsID .Teaching Procedures Health: Sunbeds 健康：太陽(yáng)床(I) BBC VocabularyTanned曬成株色的Achieve完成，達(dá)到opting for挑選tanning salons日曬中心desirefortanned skin渴望古銅色皮膚bronzed曬黑的trained staff專業(yè)人士self-regulation有自我規(guī)章的theBritishSunbedAssociation英國(guó)日光浴協(xié)會(huì)a highe

44、r risk of患上很高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)hit headlines見諸報(bào)端unmanned無(wú)人駕駛（照管）的taking heed of注意；留心horrified震驚的Celebrity (ies)名流emulate模仿severe burns嚴(yán)重灼傷issuedastatement發(fā)布公文melanoma惡性黑素瘤Tragedy悲劇2. Vocdbulary 詞匯A. Matth the words (1-5) witli the correct definition (a-e).為下列單詞(1-5)找出正確的定義(王).L horrifieda. To feel unhappy because s

45、omething was not as good as you had expected2, furiousb. To feel anxious or concerned about something3. disappointedc. To feel angry about something4. worriedch To feel unhappy。to be without hope for- the future5. depressede. To feel shocked about something(II) Background Notes美國(guó)的研究者們表示，阻止這些潛在問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn)，

46、關(guān)鍵是鼓勵(lì)人們不要使用日光浴浴床，減少患皮膚癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。英國(guó)議會(huì)上議院近來(lái)通過(guò)一項(xiàng)提案，禁止18周歲以下人員使用日光浴浴床。皮膚學(xué)文獻(xiàn)集雜志公布了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，在受調(diào)查的421名大學(xué)生中，其中229名大學(xué)生表示，他們使用過(guò)日光浴浴床或者日光燈。去年，日光浴浴床的使用者們參加該類沙龍的平均次數(shù)為23次。研究者們讓這些人員填寫問(wèn)卷，測(cè)試他們的行為是否成癮。根據(jù)定義標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，30%至39%的日光浴浴床使用者被歸類為成癮。例如，這些人員表示，因?yàn)槭褂萌展庠≡〈策^(guò)度，他們感到內(nèi)疚，他們想減少使用日光浴浴床。進(jìn)一步的調(diào)查表明，學(xué)生沉溺于日光浴浴床的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是他們有焦慮的跡象，他們還吸食毒品，如酒精和大麻。日曬狂熱”來(lái)

47、自紐約史隆凱特林癌癥中心的研究者們表示，在減少患皮膚癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的步驟當(dāng)中，需要增加日光浴浴床的成癮性，以及相關(guān)的其他上癮。“盡管專業(yè)人士正在傳授人們健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)知識(shí)，關(guān)于自然紫外線輻射和非日光紫外線輻射，休閑性的曬黑活動(dòng)在年輕人當(dāng)中繼續(xù)增加。”他們警告說(shuō)。他們補(bǔ)充道，需要調(diào)查那些經(jīng)常使用日光浴浴床的人們，確定研究焦慮和抑郁是否有用。但是，日光浴協(xié)會(huì)主席 Gary Lipman 對(duì)此持懷疑態(tài)度，他說(shuō)：“我不是一個(gè)科學(xué)家，但是 多年來(lái)我閱讀了相當(dāng)多的科學(xué)研究資料，所以我馬上就能發(fā)現(xiàn)，該研究如果有科學(xué)簡(jiǎn)直的話，也只有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。”很多機(jī)構(gòu)正在爭(zhēng)取禁止 18周歲以下人員使用日光浴浴床， 英國(guó)癌癥研究中心就是其中之

48、一。之前有報(bào)道說(shuō)，英格蘭有 25萬(wàn)11至17周歲的人員因使用日光浴浴床，有可能患上皮膚蘇格蘭已經(jīng)在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤搅⒎ㄏ拗瞥赡耆耸褂萌展庠≡〈玻柺亢捅睈蹱柼m已經(jīng)采取類似的行動(dòng)，對(duì)此進(jìn)行磋商。英國(guó)癌癥研究中心政策研究主任Sarah Woolnough 說(shuō)，那些室內(nèi)日曬成癮的研究結(jié)果，表明了禁止18周歲人員使用的日光浴浴床的重要性。她補(bǔ)充說(shuō)道：“新政府保證，所有的日光浴沙龍擁有一定數(shù)量的員工，提供信息提醒使用者們有健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這一點(diǎn)也及其重要。”(II) DictationIn the UK, a country known for its bad weather and lack of sunshi

49、ne, there appears to be an ever increasing number of very 1 young people.So just how are they 2? Some are 3 the sun-freeoption and are getting their tan from a bottle. However, it appears that others are turning to 4, of which there arethousands in the UK.While in China young people often prefer to

50、remain 5in the UK there seems to be a growing 6. So why do theBritish prefer to be 7? Often, they are trying to 8, footballers, or footballers wives. Research from 9 suggests that many people believe a tan makes them feel and look healthier.This is a belief that is most definitely not shared by Canc

51、er Research UK. They firmly state that being 10 is not a sign of health. In fact, they are strongly against young people using sunbeds. On their website, they state that people who use sunbeds before the age of 35 have 11 - the most dangerous type of 12.The dangers of tanning did not appear to 13 te

52、n-year-old Kelly Thompson who 14 in April after15 from spending 16 minutes on a sunbed.Kelly s mother was 17 that her daughter had been allowed to use the sunbeds and that 18 was 19. Shenoted that: There was no one to give advice on using these20 machines. ”Whether the British government has been 21

53、 such recent22 is not clear.23 .Just after Kelly sstorywas reported in the news, 24(IV) Original scriptsIn the UK, a country known for its bad weather and lack of sunshine, there appears to be an ever increasing number of very tanned young people.So just how are they achieving their golden tans? Som

54、e are opting for the sun-free option and are gettingtheir tanfrom a bottle. However, it appears that others are turning to tanning salons, of which there are thousands in the UK.While in China young people often prefer to remain fair, inthe UK there seems to be a growing desire for tanned skin. Sowh

55、y do the British prefer to be bronzed? Often, they are trying to emulate their favourite celebrities, footballers, or footballerswives.Research from the British SunbedAssociation suggests that many people believe a tan makes them feel and look healthier.This is a belief that is most definitely not s

56、hared by Cancer Research UK. They firmly state that being tanned is not a sign of health. In fact, they are strongly against young people using sunbeds. On their website, they state that people who use sunbeds before the age of 35 have a higher risk of melanoma - the most dangerous type of skin cancer.The dangers of