1、. . . 單片機原理與系統課程設計評語：考勤（10）守紀（10）過程（40）設計報告（30）答辯（10）總成績（100）專 業：自動控制 班 級： 控101班 姓 名：徐創秀學 號：201008622指導教師：云水 交通大學自動化與電氣工程學院2013 年 3 月 7 基于單片機的帶彩燈外觀的音樂盒摘 要：隨著人類社會的發展，人們對視覺、聽覺方面的享受提出了越來越高的要求。小小的音樂盒可以給人們帶來美好的回憶，提高人們的精神文化享受。傳統音樂盒多是機械型的，體積笨重，發音單調，不能實現批量生產。本文設計的音樂盒是以AT89C51單片機為核心元件的電子式音樂盒，體積小，重量輕，能演奏音樂，功能

2、多，外觀效果多彩，配有彩燈,使用方便，本音樂盒有三個按鍵，key1控制彩燈，key2控制音樂，key3為總開關，可同時關閉音樂與彩燈。具有一定的商業價值。關鍵字：AT89C51；音樂盒；按鍵；彩燈Abstract: Along with the development of human society, people of vision, hearing things put forward higher request. Small music box can bring good memories and improvepeople's spiritual culture. Tra

3、ditional music box is heavy mechanical type, size, pronunciation and drab, cannot achieve batch production. Music box designed in this paper based on AT89C51 microcontroller as the core element of electronic music box, small size, light weight, can play music, multi-function, appearance and colorful

4、, with a lantern,easy to use.The music box with three buttons , The key1 control Lantern, key2 control music, key3 total switch can turn off the music and lanterns. Have some commercial value.Keywords:AT89C51, music boxes, buttons, Lantern 1 引言1.1設計目的隨著電子技術與計算機技術的發展，單片機在日常生活中的應用越來越廣泛，同時也顯現出了它的重要性，尤其

5、在一些特殊的場合更是不可代替。為熟悉單片機的應用。要求設計一個基于AT89C51單片機的帶彩燈外觀的音樂盒。1.2設計要求音樂盒有三個按鍵key1，key2，key3，其中key1控制彩燈的樣式，本設計有六種彩燈花樣，每按一次變換一種樣式。Key2控制音樂播放，本設計有五首音樂，每按一次變換到下一首，同時八路LED燈隨音調不同而閃爍。Key3為總開關用于關閉音樂跟彩燈。2設計方案與原理2.1設計原理音調之所以不同是因為頻率的不同。根據每個音調的頻率單片機部的定時計數器來產生相應的音樂脈沖。只要算出某一音頻的周期(1/頻率)，然后將此周期除以2，即為半周期的時間。利用定時器計時這半個周期時間，每

6、當計時到后就將輸出脈沖的I/O口反相，然后重復計時此半周期時間再對I/O反相，就可在I/O腳上得到此頻率的脈沖。利用AT89C51的部定時計數器工作在方式1下，改變初值TH0與TL0以產生不同頻率。 此外結束符和休止符可以分別用代碼0xff和0x00來表示，若查表結果為0xff，則表示曲子終了；若查表結果為0x00，則產生相應的停頓效果。 例如頻率為523Hz，其周期T=1/523=1912us，定時時間為1912/2=956us因此只要令計數器計時956us/1us=956次(若晶振頻率為6MHZ)，在每次計數956次時將I/O反相，就可得到中音DO(523Hz)。根據計數次數就可算出計數初

7、值。要產生音樂光有音調是不行的，每個音調還有持續一定的時間。這可以用延時程序delay()來實現。因此每個音樂代碼有八位數字組成，高四位控制音調，低四位通過延時程序對該音調進行延時。通過子函數連續不斷的調用音樂代碼就產生了動聽的音樂。音調的頻率與時間都不同，讓DO、RE、MI、FA、SO、LA、SI分別對應八路LED燈中的一個，這樣播放音樂的同時就有LED燈對應閃爍。2.2總體設計思想圖1思路圖如圖1所示按鍵部分有三個鍵，分別結于外部中斷P3.2/INT0，P3.3/INT1，與串行口P3.1/TXD上，P3.2每產生一次中斷count1加一，根據count1的值來決定花樣燈的種類。P3.3每

8、產生一次中斷count2加一，根據count2的數值來決定播放哪一首歌曲。P3.1接總開關的。播放音樂，與花樣燈均通過調用子程序來實現。八路LED燈燈接到P1口。揚聲器接到P3.7上。總體設計電路，如圖2。圖2設計圖3硬件設計電路由AT89C51,八路LED燈,排阻,三個開關,揚聲器與晶振組成，搭建如圖3。圖3硬件圖4軟件設計根據設計要求與其原理繪制程序流程圖，如圖4，,根據流程圖，在Keil中編寫程序，并不斷編譯跟調試，直至沒有任何錯誤和警告。在keil中該程序能夠運行證明編寫成功。程序見附錄2。圖4流程圖5系統仿真與實際調試按照實驗電路圖在proteus中找到相應的元器件，并搭建電路，將相

9、應元器件的規格調到合適值。在keil中生成HEX文件，裝入單片機中運行，按key1可看到花樣燈閃爍，每按一次變化一種樣式。按key2可聽到動聽的音樂，每按一次變化為下一首歌。按key3可以同時關閉燈跟歌曲。按鍵均可實現要求的功能，proteus截圖見附錄1。6總結 上學期通過對單片機原理與應用系統設計的學習，使我對單片機的硬件結構，指令系統，以與系統設計有了一定的認識，在這基礎之上進行單片機設計，可以說是輕松了不少，然而在實際設計的過程中依然暴露出許多問題。例如我對單片機的中斷系統就了解不夠深，這使得我在設計按鍵控制的時候，面臨很大的問題，最終我通過重新翻閱課本與相關資料，克服了這一

10、困難。在程序設計的過程中，也出現了不少問題，例如在總開關程序的編寫中，我就無從下手。最終我通過向老師答疑得以解決。此次課程設計也使我對C編程的有關知識得以溫習和重新學習。 總之可以說是收益匪淺。參考文獻1王思明，金敏，茍軍年等. 單片機原理與應用系統設計M. ：科學，2012.2云鋼，周逢興，龍志強. 單片機原理與系統設計M. ：中國水利水電，2008.3譚浩強.C語言程序設計(第四版) M. ：清華大學，2010.4風波親，吳寧. 微型計算機原理與接口技術M. ：清華大學，2008.3.5吳秀清，周荷琴. 微型計算機與接口技術M. ：中國科學技術大學，2002.6宋戈等. 單片機應用開發例大

11、全M. ：人民郵電，2010.5.附錄1圖5仿真圖附錄2源程序#include <reg52.h>#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned intsbit key1=P32;/按key1可切換花樣sbit key2=P33;/按key2可切換歌曲sbit key3=P31;/總開關，用于總體控制花樣燈跟歌曲。sbit fm=P37;/蜂鳴器連續到I/O口P37上/-六種花樣燈閃爍代碼-uchar code huayang1=0x7f,0xbf,0xdf,0xef,0xf7,0xfb,0xfd,0xfe,0xfd,0xfb,0x

12、f7,0xef,0xdf,0xbf;/花樣燈1uchar code huayang2=0x7f,0xfe,0xbf,0xfd,0xdf,0xfb,0xef,0xf7,0xef,0xfb,0xdf,0xfd,0xbf,0xfe;/花樣燈2uchar code huayang3=0x7f,0x3f,0x1f,0x0f,0x07,0x03,0x01,0x0,0x80,0xc0,0xe0,0xf0,0xf8,0xfc,0xfe,0xff;/花樣燈3uchar code huayang4=0x3f,0x9f,0xcf,0xe7,0xf3,0xf9,0xfc, 0xf9,0xf3,0xe7,0xcf,0x

13、9f,0x3f; /花樣燈4uchar code huayang5=0x3f,0xfc,0x9f,0xf9,0xcf,0xf3,0xe7, 0xcf,0xf3,0x9f,0xf9,0x3f,0xfc; /花樣燈5uchar code huayang6=0x55,0xaa,0xcc,0x33,0x99,0x66,0x0f,0xf0; /花樣燈6uchar count1;/花樣標志uchar count2;/歌曲標志uchar timeh,timel,i;/-音樂代碼-/音樂代碼中，字節高位控制頻率,即為音調。字節低位控制該音調持續的時間，/代表多少個十六分音符。/1-7代表中央C調,8-E代表高

14、八度,0代表停頓/最后的0是結束標志即0xff。uchar code yldbwdx= /月亮代表我的心0x02,0x82,0x16,0x32,0x54,0x02,0x52,0xA6,0x32,0x54,0x02,0x52,0x64,0x74,0xB6,0x64,0x52,0x5C,0x32,0x22,0x16,0x12,0x14,0x32,0x22,0x16,0x12,0x14,0x22,0x32,0x26,0x12,0x94,0x22,0x32,0x2C,0x32,0x52,0x36,0x22,0x14,0x54,0xAC,0x92,0xA2,0x96,0xA2,0x96,0x82,0x3

15、C,0x54,0x36,0x22,0x14,0x54,0xAC,0x92,0xA2,0x16,0x12,0x14,0x22,0x32,0x2C,0x02,0x82,0x16,0x32,0x56,0x12,0xA6,0x32,0x56,0x52,0x66,0x72,0xB6,0x62,0x1C,0xff/結束標志;uchar code kdqg=/情歌0x64,0x84,0x92,0x91,0x81,0x93,0x61,0x54,0x62,0x82,0x92,0x91,0x81,0x92,0x64,0x62,0x82,0x92,0x91,0x81,0x93,0x61,0x54,0x82,0x62

16、,0x51,0x61,0x51,0x41,0x52,0x24,0x92,0x54,0x82,0x64,0x52,0x42,0x94,0x82,0x62,0x51,0x61,0x51,0x41,0x52,0x24,0xff;uchar code lzh=/國歌0x03,0x04,0x04,0xc2,0x14,0x12,0x12,0x12,0x11,0x11,0xc2,0xd1,0xe1,0x14,0x02,0x32,0x12,0x21,0x31,0x52,0x51,0x51,0x54, 0x32,0x31,0x31,0x12,0x11,0x31,0x52,0x51,0x31,0x24,0x24,

17、0x24,0x64,0x54,0x24,0x34,0x52,0x32,0x21,0x31,0x12,0x11,0x21,0x34,0x04, 0x52,0x51,0xd1,0x12,0x12,0x32,0x31,0x31,0x52,0x51,0x51,0x22,0x22,0x22,0xd2,0xd1,0x24,0x22,0xc2,0x14,0x12,0x34,0x32,0x32,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x54,0x12,0x11,0x31,0x52,0x51,0x51,0x64,0x54,0x32,0x31,0x11,0x52,0x52,0x52,0x32,0x02,0x12,0x02

18、,0xc4,0x14,0xa2,0xa1,0x11,0x52,0x52,0x52,0x32,0x02,0x12,0x02,0xc4,0x14,0xc4,0x14,0xc4,0x14,0x14,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0xff;uchar code jmszl= /寂寞沙洲冷0x12,0x12,0x22,0x32,0x31,0x22,0x21,0x22,0x21,0x31,0x51,0x52,0x31,0x52,0x61,0x15,0x14,0x51,0x52,0x31,0x52,0x62,0x13,0x11,0x13,0x32,0x28,0x08,0x28,0x31,

19、0x32,0x31,0x32,0x11,0x21,0x51,0x52,0x51,0x52,0x51,0x51,0x31,0x32,0x31,0x32,0x81,0x72,0x63,0x62,0x71,0x81,0x72,0x61,0x61,0x52,0x31,0x21,0x32,0x51,0x54,0x22,0x12,0x11,0x12,0x11,0x12,0x12,0x14,0x26,0x32,0x26,0x32,0x61,0x51,0x51,0x31,0x31,0x21,0x31,0x51,0x61,0x51,0x31,0x51,0x02,0x32,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x81,

20、0x62,0x52,0x34, 0x31,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x61,0x91,0x82,0x51,0x51,0x51,0x51,0x31,0x61,0x53,0x21,0x11,0x21,0x11,0x22,0x11,0x21,0x26,0x32,0x61,0x51,0x51,0x31,0x31,0x21,0x31,0x51,0x61,0x51,0x31,0x51,0x52,0x31,0x31,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x61,0x91,0x81,0x61,0x31,0x56,0x32,0x32,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x81,0x91,0x81,0x61,0x81

21、,0x61,0x51,0x31,0x51,0x34,0x21,0x31,0x51,0x31,0x21,0x11,0x61,0x21,0x16,0xff;uchar code qnzl= /千年之戀0x12,0x22,0x34,0x84,0x74,0x54,0x38,0x42,0x32,0x22,0x42,0x34,0x84,0x72,0x82,0x94,0xA8,0x08,0x32,0x31,0x21,0x32,0x52,0x32,0x31,0x21,0x32,0x62, 0x32,0x31,0x21,0x32,0x82,0x71,0x81,0x71,0x51,0x32,0x22, 0x32,

22、0x31,0x21,0x32,0x52,0x32,0x31,0x21,0x32,0x62, 0x32,0x31,0x21,0x32,0x83,0x82,0x71,0x72,0x02, 0x63,0xA1,0xA2,0x62,0x92,0x82,0x52, 0x31,0x51,0x63,0x51,0x63,0x51,0x63,0x51,0x62,0x82,0x7C,0x02, 0x61,0x71,0x82,0x71,0x62,0xA2,0x71,0x76, 0x61,0x71,0x82,0x71,0x62,0x52,0x31,0x36, 0x61,0x71,0x82,0x71,0x62,0xA3

23、,0x73,0x62,0x53, 0x42,0x63,0x83,0x83,0x91,0x91, 0x61,0x71,0x82,0x71,0x62,0x0A2,0x71,0x76, 0x61,0x71,0x82,0x71,0x62,0x52,0x31,0x36, 0x61,0x71,0x82,0x71,0x62,0xA3,0x73,0x62,0x53, 0x42,0x82,0x88,0x02,0x74,0x93,0x89, 0xff;/-不同音調對應的定時器初值-/適合11.0592M的晶振uchar code chuzhi= 0xff,0xff,/占位 0xFC,0x8E,/中央C調1-7 0

24、xFC,0xED, 0xFD,0x43, 0xFD,0x6A, 0xFD,0xB3, 0xFD,0xF3, 0xFE,0x2D, 0xFE,0x47,/高八度1-7 0xFE,0x76, 0xFE,0xA1, 0xFE,0xC7, 0xFE,0xD9, 0xFE,0xF9, 0xFF,0x16 ;uchar yinyue=0xff,0xfe,0xfd,0xfb,0xf7,0xef,0xdf,0xbf,0x7f,0x0,0x0;/將音調轉化為對應的LED樣式void delay1(uint z);/延時1MSvoid delay(uint z);/延時165MS,即十六分音符void song(

25、);void beep();/蜂鳴器叫一聲/-主函數-main()uchar x; count1=0;/流水燈無花樣count2=1;/唱第一首歌EA=1;/開總中斷EX0=1;/開外部中斷0IT0=1;/外部中斷0下降沿觸發方式EX1=1;/開外部中斷1IT1=1;/外部中斷1下降沿觸發方式TMOD=0x01;/定時器0工作在方式1TH0=0;TL0=0;ET0=1;while(1) if(count1!=0)switch(count1)case 1:for(x=0;x<14;x+) if(key3=1)P1=0xff;fm=0;break;P1=huayang1x;beep();de

26、lay1(300);if(count1!=1)break;break;case 2:for(x=0;x<14;x+)if(key3=1)P1=0xff;fm=0;break;P1=huayang2x;beep();delay1(300);if(count1!=2)break;break;case 3:for(x=0;x<16;x+)if(key3=1)P1=0xff;fm=0;break;P1=huayang3x;beep();delay1(300);if(count1!=3)break;break;case 4:for(x=0;x<13;x+)if(key3=1)P1=0x

27、ff;fm=0;break;P1=huayang4x;beep();delay1(300);if(count1!=4)break;break;case 5:for(x=0;x<13;x+) if(key3=1)P1=0xff;fm=0;break;P1=huayang5x;beep();delay1(300);if(count1!=5)break;break;case 6:for(x=0;x<8;x+) if(key3=1)P1=0xff;fm=0;break;P1=huayang6x;beep();delay1(300);if(count1!=6)break; break;/elseif(count1=0)song();delay1(1000); void int0() interrupt 0EA=0;/關總中斷delay1(1);/去抖if(key1=0)count2=0;/不讓蜂鳴器唱歌TR0=0;count1+;if(count1=7) count1=1;EA=1;/開總中斷void int1