1、動名詞的用法1動名詞是動詞的一種非謂語形式，由動詞+ ing 構(gòu)成，否定形式為 notdoing,具有動詞和名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中起名詞作用，可作主語、賓語、表語和 定語。1）作主語 動名詞是由動詞變化而來，所以，動名詞的意義往往是表示某個動作或某件 事情。例如：Walking is good exercise.走路是很好的運(yùn)動Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。Smoki ng may cause cancer.吸煙可能導(dǎo)致癌癥。Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.乘火車到杭州要 16 個小時(shí)。Swimming dev

2、elops the muscles. 游泳可以發(fā)展肌肉。動名詞作主語時(shí)，對于一些比較長的動名詞短語，一般采用"It is和"Thereis兩種句式來表示。例如：It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office. 我從辦公室回家要花十分鐘。It needs time to make three copies of it.把它復(fù)制三份需要時(shí)間。It's nice talking with you. 和你談話很高興。It's no use arguing with him.跟他爭論沒用。It is no use

3、sending him over. It's too late already.派他去沒用，已經(jīng)太晚了。It was very difficult getting everything ready in time. 要把一切按時(shí)準(zhǔn)備好很困難。It is no use waiting for him any longer.等他是沒有用的。It is no good learning without practice.學(xué)而不實(shí)踐是沒好處的。It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light. 用這種方法去測量光速是

4、危險(xiǎn)的。It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again.很值得再向你的指導(dǎo)老師咨詢一下這個問題。There is no joking about such matters.這種事開不得玩笑。There is no joking about such matters.這種事開不得玩笑。There is no harm in doing so.這樣做沒有害處。There is no littering about.不許亂扔雜物。2）作定語 動名詞作定語的情況并不是很普遍，一般只限于單個的動名詞作定語，表示用于的”或表示 處于某件事情中的”

5、含義。例如：swimming pool 游泳池 walking stick 手杖 ope ning speech 開幕詞 waiting room 候車室reading material 閱讀材料 floating needle 浮針 listening aid 助聽器 running water 自來水working people 勞動人民developing countries 發(fā)展中國家sleeping child 熟睡孩子3）作表語 動名詞作表語的時(shí)候，特別要注意：不要與正在進(jìn)行時(shí)混淆。動名詞作表 語，表達(dá)的是 “某件事”等。 例如：His part-time job is promo

6、ting new products for the company. （動名詞） 他的業(yè)余工作是為那家公司推銷新產(chǎn)品。Readi ng is for sure lear ning, but appl ying is also lear ning to a greater exte n（動名 詞）讀書當(dāng)然是學(xué)習(xí)，然而運(yùn)用在很大程度上更是學(xué)習(xí)。Their task is exploring oil mines in the west. （動名詞） 他們的任務(wù)是在西部探查油礦。動名詞作表語，容易與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語相混淆。記住：動名詞表語表達(dá)的 是“某件事 ”與（不定式短語的意義相近 ），而現(xiàn)在分詞表語

7、表示 “具有某個作 用”。例如：The situation is very much encouraging（. 現(xiàn)在分詞） 形勢非常令人鼓舞。His present job is not that stimulating as he expected（. 現(xiàn)在分詞） 他現(xiàn)在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。Their plan is to build another dormitory for their staff this year. （不定式） 他們的計(jì)劃是今年再為員工們建一棟宿舍樓。His wish is to become a pilot. （不定式）他的愿望是當(dāng)飛行員。4）作賓語 。如：

8、He is fond of playing football.I like swimming. admit，appreciate avoid，consider, delay，dislike，enjoy，escape excuse, face，feel，like ，finish ，forgive， give up，imagine，include，keep，mention， mind，miss，practise, put off，resist，risk， suggest can' t help情不自禁）， can t stand無法忍受）等動詞成詞組后可以用動名詞作賓語，但不能用不定式。

9、forget，go on, mean, regret，remember, stop，try 等動詞或詞組可帶動名 詞或不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別。Let ' s go on studying Lesson （6.讓我們繼續(xù)學(xué)第六課。說明前面已學(xué)了一部 分。）Let ' s go on to study Lesson 6（. 讓我們接著學(xué)第六課。 說明前面已學(xué)了第五 課。）I remember doing the exercise.（我記得做過練習(xí)。）I must remember to do it. （我必須記著做這事。）I tried not to go there. （我

10、設(shè)法不去那里。）I tried doing it again. （我試著又干了一次。）Stop speaking. （不要講話。）He stopped to talk. （他停下來講話。）I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些來。）Missing the train means waiting for another hour.（誤了這趟火車意味著再等一個小時(shí)。） 在 allow ，advise， forbid ，permit 等動詞后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語，如 果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：We don' t allow

11、 smoking here.We don' t allow students to smoke. 動詞 need，require，want 作“需要”解，其后必須用動名詞的主動形式或 不定式的被動形式作賓語表示事情需要做， 這時(shí)，動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。 be worth 后必須用動名詞的主動形式來表示被動意義。如：The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.Her method is worth trying. 在短語 devote to，look forward to ，stick to，to be used t

12、o，object to，thank you for，excuse me for，be（kept） busy， have difficulty/trouble/problem（in） ，have a good/wonderful/hard time（in），there ' s no use/good/n，eefdeel/seem like/get down to 等后的動詞也必須用動名詞形式，例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon. 在 love，hate， prefer，like 等動詞后用動名詞或不定式無多大區(qū)別。有時(shí) 用動名詞作賓語時(shí)，

13、指一般情況，而跟不定式作賓語時(shí)指某一具體行為。 start, beg in, continue在書面語中多后接動名詞，在口語中多后接不定式。但start和begin在下列情況下一般跟不定式作賓語：當(dāng)主語是物而不是人時(shí)； 當(dāng)start或begin以-ing形式出現(xiàn)時(shí)，當(dāng)后面作賓語的動詞表示感情、思想或意念 時(shí)。如：It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant. 在 should（would） like/love 等后須用不定式。5）動名詞作狀語 動名詞作狀語表示在進(jìn)行

14、一動作的同時(shí)所進(jìn)行的另一動作，它對謂語動詞起修 飾和陪襯的作用。動名詞作狀語可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、方 式或伴隨情況。Having clea ned the rooms we bega n to weed the garden時(shí)（間） 打掃完房間，我們開始在花園里除草。Comi ng into the room, she saw everybody already at their work.時(shí)間） 進(jìn)屋以后，她看到人人都在工作。Being ill, he couldn't go to school. （原因 ）因?yàn)樯。荒苋ド蠈W(xué)。Having no interest

15、 in the topic, he didn't go to the lecture. 原（ 因 ） 由于對這個話題沒有興趣，他沒去參加講座。Working diligently, you will certainly succeed. （ 條件）只要刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，你會成功的。Us ing atomic en ergy, we can build spaceships.條件）利用原子能，我們能夠建造太空船。Granting the achieveme nts to be great, there is still someth ing to be desired讓步）（盡管）成績是巨大的，

16、 （但）仍有一些要求改進(jìn)的東西。My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus caus ing the delay.結(jié)果） 我的車被交通擁擠堵住，所以延誤了。Traveling by train, we visited a number of cities. （方式） 我們坐火車訪問了好多城市。Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. 伴（ 隨） 瑪麗坐在教室的窗戶旁，正在讀一本書。6）動名詞作定語 動名詞作定語時(shí)和形容詞的功能是相似的。動名詞可以單獨(dú)作定語，如：a smiling fa

17、ce 笑臉a leading figure 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人物動名詞還能構(gòu)成合成詞作定語，如：easy-going man 好說話的人swimming pool 游泳池sleeping-pill 安眠藥片dining-car 餐車當(dāng)分詞短語做后置定語時(shí)，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句。She went on board the train leaving for Shanghai.= She went on board the train, which was leaving for Shanghai. 她乘坐了去上海的火車。There are two roads before us, one leading to

18、 the beach, the other to the park.= There are two roads before us, one which leads to the beach, the other to the park. 在我們面前有兩條路，一條通向沙灘，另一條通向公園。2，練習(xí)題I、單項(xiàng)選擇：1. No one enjoys at.A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed2. You must do something to prevent your house .A. to be broken in

19、 B. from being broken inC. to break inD. from breaking in3. They insisted on another chance to try.A. given B. giving C. being given D. to be given4. - Where is my passport? I remember it here.- You shouldn't have left it here. Remember it with you all the time.A. to put；to takeB. putting；taking

20、C. putting；to take D. to put；taking5. His room needs , so he must have it .A. painting；painted B. painted； paintingC. painting；painting D. painted；painted6. After finishing his homework he went on a letter to his parents.A. writeB. writing C. wroteD. to write7. The young trees we planted last week r

21、equire with great care.A. looking afterB. to look afterC. to be looked after D. taken good care of8.Only English doesn't mean the language.A. to learn；to learn B. learning；learningC. learning about； learn D. learning about； learning9.She returned home only to find the door open and something .A.

22、 missedB. to be missing C. missingD. to be missed10.She decided to devote herself the problem of old age.A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study11. Remember the newspaper when you have finished it.A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back12. As she is looking forward to from

23、me, please remember thisletter on your way to school.A. hear； postB. hearing； to postC. be heard； postingD. be hearing；to posting13. Grandma said that she had a lot of trouble your handwriting.A. to readB. to see C. readingC. in seeing14. Writing stories and articles what I enjoy most.A. is B. are C

24、. was D. were15. We appreciate us to the ball.A. them to invite B. to invite C. their inviting D. being invited16. Would you mind quiet for a moment? I'm trying a form.A. keeping；filling out B. to keep； to fill outC. keeping；to fill out D. to keep； filling out17. He was afraid for being late.A.

25、of seeingB. of being seen C. to be seen D. to have seen18.I'd like to suggest the meeting till next week.A. to put offB. putting off C. put off D. to be put off19.I don't see how I could possibly manage the work without .A. finish ；helping B. to finish ；being helpedC. finishing； helping D. f

26、inishing ；being helped20. Anything worth is worthy of well.A. doing；being done B. doing；doingC. to be done； to be done D. to be done；being done21. We advised them to take a re 159 st, but they insisted the work.A. finishB. to finish C. in finishing D. on finishing22. I delayed your letter because I

27、had been away for a week.A. answe 1ab1 rB. answering C. writing D. to post23. The thief drove as fast as he could to escape by the police.A. to be caughtB. be caught C. being caught D. catching24. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. At first, I thought I it athome. Then I remembered it

28、 out to pay for the taxi.A. must have left； to take B. may leave； takingC. might leave；to take D. could have left；taking25. the news of his father's death, he burst into tears.A. After hearingB. On hearing C. While hearing D. Having heard26. his mother, the baby could not help .A. To see； to lau

29、gh B. Seeing；to laughC. Seeing； laughing D. To see； laughing27.It's no use so much money on clothes.A. spendB. spentC. spendingD. being spent28.The sentence needs .A. improveB. a improvement C. improving D. improved29.If he succeeded a job, his children wouldn't be suffering from hungernow.A. to findB. to look for C. in finding D. in looking for30.I still remember to my home town when I was young.A. takingB. taken C. being taken D. to takeU、填入動名詞的適當(dāng)形式：1. Can you imagine yourself in a lonely island? (stay)2. I can't understand your at that poor child. (laugh)3. She didn&#