1、高三第一輪復習（三）（不定式和動名詞）你知道不定式和動名詞可以充當哪些成份嗎？ 主語賓語表語定語狀語補語不定式動名詞（一）不定式不定式由動詞前加to構成。請寫出以動詞do 為例的不定式的不同形式。主動被動否定式一般式to doto be done不定式前加not完成式to have doneto have been done不定式前加not進行式to be doing/不定式前加not 1. 句法功能：不定式具有名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞的多種特征，因此它可以在句中作主語，賓語，定語，表語，狀語，賓補/主補。1)主語：不定式短語做主語時有兩種位置。一是將不定式（短語）直接放在句首。翻譯：為人民服

2、務是我們的責任。To serve the people is our duty.掌握一門外語不容易。To master a foreign language is not easy.動詞不定式在句中做主語，但在多數情況下常用it做形式主語，將不定式后置，以避免句子結構頭重腳輕。It is our duty to serve the people.It is not easy to master a foreign language.不定式的復合結構It is important for us to learn English. ( necessary, possible, easy, hard

3、, essential, natural)It is kind of you to help me. ( clever, brave, stupid, foolish, polite, rude)2) 賓語：He agreed _to keep_( keep) it a secret.Little Jim should love _to be taken_ ( take ) to the theatre this evening.One ought _not to be punished_ (not punish ) for what one hasnt done.They found it

4、impossible _to get _ (get) everything ready in time.只用不定式作賓語的動詞有: want to do sth. 想要做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事plan to do sth. 計劃做某事aim to do sth. 打算做某事intend to do sth. 打算做某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事desire to do sth. 渴望做某事long to do sth. 渴望做某事expect to do sth. 期待做某事agree to do sth. 同意

5、做某事refuse to do sth. 拒絕做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事demand to do sth. 要求做某事beg to do sth. 請求做某事choose to do sth. 決定做某事decide to do sth. 決定做某事determine to do sth. 決心做某事promise to do sth. 答應做某事arrange to do sth.安排做某事afford to do sth. 負擔得起做某事help to do sth. 幫助做某事learn to do sth. 學習做某事manage to do sth. 設法做某事o

6、ffer to do sth. 主動提出做某事prepare to do sth. 準備做某事pretend to do sth. 假裝做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事hesitate to do sth. 猶豫做某事struggle to do sth. 努力做某事3) 表語：His wish is to become a scientist.What I want to do seems to tell you something.(ones dream, wish, idea, plan, task, duty, What o

7、ne wants to do)與下面句子比較：He is to clean the room.The meeting is to be held this afternoon.按照安排即將發生的將來時態。4) 定語：（1）I have an important meeting _to attend_ (attend).（2）She was the first person _to think_ (think) of the idea.（3）This is the best way _to solve_ (solve) the problem.（4）He is looking for a roo

8、m _to live_ (live) in.（5）I am looking forward to seeing him at the meeting _to be held_(hold) tomorrow思考: 不定式作定語有什么特征?1、與被修飾詞有動賓關系，主動代替被動。不定式的邏輯主語與句子主語不同時，作定語該被動的用被動形式（1、5）2、名次被最高級修飾或序數詞修飾用不定式做定語（2、3）3、不定式介詞不要漏掉（4）5) 狀語：² 口頭翻譯下列句子，思考不定式做了什么成份。(1)He got up early in order to catch the first bus.(

9、2)Lets hurry so as not to be late for the meeting. He got up so late as to miss the bus to work.(3)I hurried to the railway station, to find the train had left. (4)We were relieved to know that everyone returned safe and sound.(5)The new toy was too advanced for the boy to handle.不定式在句子中可以用作_目的_ 狀語、

10、_結果_ 狀語和_原因_ 狀語.² 翻譯下面句子:（1）The child is too young to go to school._（2） She was only too happy to meet her old friend in the street._（3）You can not be too careful in crossing the street._6) 賓補/主補 I tried to persuade him to quit, but he persisted.As youve never been there before, Ill have someon

11、e _show_ ( show ) you the way.Mrs. Smith warned her daughter never _to drive_(drive) after drinking.Paul doesnt have to be made _to learn_ ( learn ). He always works hard.思考：用不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有1. ask sb. to do sth.請（叫）某人做某事2. tell sb. to do sth. 告訴某人做某事3. advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事4. beg sb. to do sth

12、. 請求某人做某事5. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事6. wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事7. warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事8. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事9. inspire sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事10. persuade sb. to do sth. 說服某人做某事11. remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事12. teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事13. train sb. to do sth. 訓練某人做某事14

13、. expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事15. help sb. to do sth. 幫助某人做某事16. require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事17. allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事18. permit sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事19. get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事20. order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事21. cause sb. to do sth. 導致某人做某事22. drive sb. to do sth .驅使某人做某事23. force s

14、b. to do sth. 強迫某人做某事24. oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事25. forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事注：易受漢語意思的影響的動詞句型：1. “原諒某人做某事”， excuse forgive sb. for doing sth.。2. “希望某人做某事”， wish sb. to do sth.。3. “建議某人做某事”， advise sb. to do sth.。4. “安排某人做某事”， arrange for sb. to do sth.。5. “等待某人做某事”， wait for sb. to do sth.

15、6. “感謝某人做某事”， thank sb. for doing sth.。7. “祝賀某人做某事”， congratulate sb. on doing sth.。8. “阻止某人做某事”， prevent /keep/ stop sb. from doing sth。2. 比較特殊現象.English is difficult _to learn_ (learn).We still have many difficulties _to overcome_ (overcome).There are many things _to take / to be taken_ (take) car

16、e of .That is the problem _to be solved_(solve) next.He is the one _to blame_ (blame).He is to blame=He should be blamed思考: 哪些情況下, 用不定式的主動表示被動?_3. 不定式的形式. to do, to be doing, to have done, to be done, to have been done1)一般式表示_不定式的動作與謂語同時發生或稍前于謂語_2)進行式表示_強調不定式的動作與謂語同時發生而且正在發生3)不定式的完成式表示_不定式的動作明顯早于謂語動

17、詞4)不定式的被動式表示 句子的主語或賓語是不定式（賓語或補語）動作的承受者(1) Oh, hi, Jane, very glad _to see_(see) you.(2)He thought it a great honor _to be invited_ (invite) to the party.(3)I pretended _to have fallen_ (fall) asleep when my father came in.(4)The girl pretended _to be listening_ (listen) when the teacher looked at he

18、r.(5)The book is said _to have been translated_ (translate) into English already.(6)Please remember_ to lock_ (lock) the door before you leave the room.(7)There are twenty more trees _to be planted / to plant_ (plant).(8)He is determined _to work _ (work) harder next term.5)不定式的否定式是在不定式符號前加not /neve

19、rThey hurried along in order not to be late.My father told me never to see her again.4. 前加疑問代詞或副詞的不定式相當與一個名詞性從句，如what to do, which to chooseHe was wondering what to do next.=He was wondering_what he should do_Which to choose is hard for us to decide.= _Which one we should choose _ is hard to decide.

20、5.不定式省略形式You can try it again if you want to (try it again).翻譯：我不想打擾你，但是我不得不這樣因為我忘了地址了。I didnt want to bother you, but I had to because I had forgotten the address.李先生原打算來的，但是后來來不了。Mr. Li had planned to come, but he wasnt able to at last. (be able to, used to, be going to，be glad to, have to, want t

21、o)6. but, except, 和besidesThere was nothing for the students to do except _read_ (read) the books aloud.I had no choice/ alternative but _to wait_ (wait) for him.7. 熟悉下列特殊詞組和句型to tell you the truth,說實話prefer to do rather than do寧愿做某事。而不寧愿做某事would like to do想做某事had better do最好做某事Its better to do最好做某事

22、II. Follow-up.用不定式替換下列從句：1. Please tell me how to get to the railway station.2. It is necessary for you to study hard.3. My idea is to do it today.4. I expect him to pass the examination.5. He was the first to arrive and the last to leave.6. It is time for us to start.7. The question was too difficu

23、lt for me to answer.8. He is strong enough to lift up the big box.9. They were surprised to hear the news.10. It will take you about two hours to go there by bike.填充并說出成份：1 The inspector asked _to see_(see) my ticket.When I was unable _to find_(find) it, he made me _buy_(buy) another.2 Have you anyt

24、hing_to declare_(declare)?3 They did nothing but _play_(play) bridge the whole day.4 I want you to close your books and _listen_(listen)to me.5 The guard noticed a strange man_walk_(walk) into the bank.6 The bus conductor told the passengers_to hold_(hold) tight.7 We wish you _to know_(know) how hap

25、py we are to hear of your success.8 The answer is difficult for us_to figure_(figure) out.9 -Do you need _to leave_(leave) so early?-Id better_go_(go) now. I dare not_be_(be) late for the meeting.10 . Before he let us _go_(go), he made us _promise_(promise) _not to tell_(not tell ) anyone what we ha

26、d seen.11. She walked in quietly. She didnt want_to be noticed_(notice).12. The next thing_to be considered_(consider) is when to begin the work.13. I feel it an honour _to be asked_(ask) to speak here.14. Why are you here, Bob? You ought_to be doing_(do) your homework now.15. He is said _to have wr

27、itten_(write) two books in the past two years.16. He wants his shoes _to be mended_(mend ) right now.17. I regretted answering like that. I was sorry_to have done_(do) so.18. What I want is _not to be interrupted_(not interrupt) while I am working.19. Let his words_be remembered_(remember).20. Im gl

28、ad_to have met_(meet) you last week.-Its my great pleasure_to hear _(hear) that.21. Nobody is allowed _to go_(go ) in . The teachers seem _to be discussing_(discuss) an important problem.改錯：1. He was seen to enter that house.2. It was wrong for of him to tell lies.3. You had better not to say so.4.

29、You ought to have done it last Wednesday.5. He likes not only to discuss things with me but also asking to ask for my advice.6. What would you have me to do?7. There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know which to choose which.8. I would rather play football than play volleyball.9.

30、Im hungry. Get me something for eatingto eat.10. Would you be so kind as stepping to step this way, please?翻譯（homework）：1 廣泛閱讀對我們來說是很重要的。It is important for us to read widely.2 你說這話真蠢。It is foolish of you to say so.3 他的愿望是當個物理學家。His wish is to become a physicist.4 他到達車站時，我碰巧在那兒。When he arrived at th

31、e station, I happened to be here.5 他很想知道考試的結果。He is only too anxious to hear the result of the exam.6 我有一個會議要參加。I have a meeting to attend.7 老師叫孩子們把書打開。The teacher asked the children to open their books.8. 為了學好英語，我們必須努力學習。To learn English well, we must study hard.（二）動名詞I. 要點分析：動名詞由動詞加-ing 構成，兼有動詞的特征

32、。請寫出以動詞do 為例的動名詞的不同形式。 動名詞一般式完成式完成式的否定形式主動式doinghaving donenot having done被動式being donehaving been donenot having been done1. 作主語動名詞作主語表示一般的、泛指的或習慣性的行為.(1) It，s necessary to be prepared for a job interview; the answers ready will be of great help.(2005北京)A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Havin

33、g(2) _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin(2002上海). A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed (3) It is no good/use/useless _ regretting_ (regret) what you have already done.(4) Is it any good/ use/ useless _regretting_ (regret) what you have alrea

34、dy done?(5) Seeing is _believing_( believe).(6) To see is _to believe_ ( believe).(7)Catching wild tigers is dangerous.(8) To catch that baby tiger is fun.(9) Its important for us _ (learn) English well.(10) Its nice ( foolish, kind ) of you _ (help) me solve the difficult problem.2. 作賓語a. 動詞V. + do

35、ing sth(1)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _catching_ (catch).(2) We suggested that they should go with us.-We suggested _their/ them_going with us.(3) The lights need/want/require_switching_/to be switched_ (switch) off. The boy deserved _praising/ to be praised_(praise)(4) My brother lov

36、es _collecting_ (collect) stamps.(5) Little Tom loves _to be taken_ (take) to the cinema tonight.只用動名詞作賓語的動詞有: mind doing sth. 介意做某事miss doing sth. 錯過做某事 enjoy doing sth. 喜愛做某事 appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事finish doing sth. 完成做某事 imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 admit doing sth. 承認做某事 deny doing sth. 否認做某事avo

37、id doing sth. 避免做某事 keep doing sth. 保持做某事practice doing sth. 練習做某事consider doing sth. 考慮做某事advise doing sth. 建議做某事suggest doing sth. 建議做某事 delay doing sth. 推遲做某事 allow doing sth. 允許做某事 permit doing sth. 允許做某事escape doing sth. 逃脫做某事risk doing sth. 冒險做某事 fancy doing sth. 設想做某事mention doing sth. 提及做某事

38、forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事give up doing sth. 放棄做某事put off doing sth. 推遲做某事 既可用不定式有可用動名詞但意義不同的動詞有：(1) remember to do sth. 記住要做某事 remember doing sth. 記住曾做過某事(2) forget to do sth. 忘記要做某事 forget doing sth. 忘記曾做過某事(3) regret to do sth. 后悔（遺憾）要做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔（遺憾）曾做過某事(4) try

39、 to do sth. 設法要做某事 try doing sth. 做某事試試看有何效果(5) mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味著做某事(6) cant help to do sth. 不能幫助做某事 cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事(7) go on to do sth. 做完某事后接著做另一事 go on doing sth. 繼續做一直在做的事(8) stop to do 停下來做某事 stop doing 停止做某事b. 介詞或詞組后接doingHe left without _saying_(say) goodby

40、e to us.Turn off all the lights before leaving _ (leave) the classroombefore you _leave_ (leave) the classroom.This novel is not worthy of_being translated_(translate). worthy_to be translated_( translate) worth _translating_( translate)Mother insisted that Jack should choose his own career.Mother i

41、nsisted _on_ _Jacks/ Jack_choosing _ his own career.Do you think we should devote more time to _reading_(read) aloud?He pretended _to be reading_ (read) when the teacher came in.look forward to be/get used tobe/get accustomed toadapt toobject tobe opposed todevote todedicate to contribute tolead toa

42、pply to3. 作表語His job is _taking_ (take) care of the children.My aim is _to be admitted_(admit) to my dreamed university.4. 作定語閱覽室_reading room=a room for reading_ 游泳池_swimming pool=a pool for swimming_一節臥鋪車廂 _a sleeping coach_Lets first find a room _to put_ (put) the things in. Is that the best way_

43、to solve_ (solve) the problem?He is always the first person_to come_ (come) and the last _to leave_(leave).The topic _to be discussed_(discuss) tomorrow is a difficult one.5. 動名詞的否定、邏輯主語和被動形式1) Mother was angry at _Toms/Tom not returning_(Tom not return) home on time.2) _Toms not returning_ (Tom not

44、 return) home late made Mother very angry.3) Victor apologized for to inform me of the change in the plan.(2004上海春)A. his being not ableB. him not to be ableC. his not being ableD. him to be not ableII. Follow up.Exercise 1. 把下列從句改為動名詞短語.1. The pupils suggested that they should go there on foot.2. I am sorry that I have kept you waiting.3. He insisted that I should read the book at once.4. Do you mind if I use your dictionary?5. I cant remember I have heard you speak on that subject.6. He reg