1、專題十六 s字部三1. spreadv.傳播；擴(kuò)散；張開(kāi)，展開(kāi) 詞形變化：過(guò)去式spread，過(guò)去分詞spread用法：表示“擴(kuò)散，蔓延，指影響更多的人或地方，后面可跟介詞through/over/among等。例如：the disease spread rapidly among the poor. 疾病在窮人中間迅速傳播。表示 “流傳；散布，傳播，指信息或觀點(diǎn)，可及物可不及物；其后可跟介詞to/through/over等。例如：word spread quickly that she was leaving. 她要離開(kāi)的消息迅速傳開(kāi)。表示“張開(kāi)，伸開(kāi)，指手臂、手指、腿等；其后常接out。例

2、如：she spread her arms and the child ran towards her. 她張開(kāi)雙臂，孩子向她跑來(lái)。2022，浙江卷，詞匯運(yùn)用40. more and more people have realized the importance of spreading our _(傳統(tǒng)的) culture.2. standardn.&adj.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：living standard=standard of living生活水平；up to standard到達(dá)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)名詞用法：表示“水平，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，規(guī)格，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其后常接介詞of：how do you think of

3、 the general standard of education there? 你覺(jué)得那里教育的整體水準(zhǔn)如何？形容詞用法：表示“正常的，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，普通的，形容普遍接受的，相當(dāng)于normal。例如： this is our standard price. 這是我們的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)價(jià)格。表示“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，指形狀、大小、質(zhì)量等。例如：we make shoes in standard and wide sizes. 我們制造標(biāo)準(zhǔn)碼和加寬碼的鞋子。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：standardiz(s)e v.使標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，使統(tǒng)一；standardiz(s)ation n.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化；standardiz(s)ed adj.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的反義詞：

4、non-standard adj.不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，不標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的；不規(guī)那么的2022，山東卷，閱讀athe united nations has standards for safe listening.3. staten.狀態(tài)，情形；國(guó)家；美國(guó)的州關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：state of mind心理狀態(tài)，心境；mental state精神狀態(tài)用法：表示“狀況，狀態(tài)，情況，情形，指人的身體或心理狀況或指物，相當(dāng)于condition；其后常接介詞of；“處于狀態(tài)用instate表示。例如：when we bought the house, it was in a terrible state. 我們買下這棟房子時(shí)，它的

5、狀況很糟糕。即可指“國(guó)家，也可指國(guó)家的“州，邦等。例如：wto member states世貿(mào)組織成員國(guó)；the state government州政府2022，江蘇卷，閱讀填空emperor qinshihuang united (統(tǒng)一) the seven major states into one country where the chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.4. stayn.&v.停留，逗留，呆；保持 名詞用法：可數(shù)名詞，但一般以單數(shù)出現(xiàn)，常和介詞in/at搭配，和形容詞long/short

6、搭配。例如：i had a short stay in that famous hotel.我在那家有名的旅館住過(guò)一小段時(shí)間。動(dòng)詞用法：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，表示“停留，逗留，留下或者“暫住，不及物動(dòng)詞，常和各種副詞或介詞搭配使用，如stay (at) home呆在家；stay for+ time /暫住多久；stay in+ place呆在/暫住某地；stay here/there留在這里/那里；例如：i stayed for a year in paris to study art. 我在巴黎待了一年學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)。連系動(dòng)詞，表示“維持，保持原狀，stay+ 形容詞；stay+ away/in/on；等。例

7、如：i can't stay awake any longer. 我瞌睡得再也熬不住了。stay away from my daughter! 不要纏著我女兒！同義詞：keep/remain v.保持，維持2022，浙江卷，閱讀d2.- sir, did you enjoy your stay in our_?- yes, i slept well and i like the breakfast.a. hotelb. schoolc. factoryd. company5. stealv.偷，竊取詞形變化：過(guò)去式stole，過(guò)去分詞stolen用法：可指偷別人的東西，也可指剽竊觀點(diǎn)等

8、。常用于steal sth. from sb/sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：hed stolen the flowers from our garden. 他偷了我們花園里的花。a well-known scientist was punished for stealing his students idea. 一位著名科學(xué)家因剽竊學(xué)生觀點(diǎn)受到懲罰。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：stolen adj.偷走的；stealthily adv.暗地里2022，江蘇卷，閱讀dit was his job to keep the woods safe and to make sure that nobody stole the ki

9、ng's deer.6. stepn.腳步；臺(tái)階，梯級(jí)；v.走，跨步 關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：step by step逐步地；first step第一步，首要步驟；next step下一步；watch your step注意腳下 名詞用法：表示“腳步，步，常與動(dòng)詞take搭配，與副詞back/forward搭配。例如：tom took a step back and held the door open. 湯姆后退一步，把門撐開(kāi)著。表示“梯級(jí)，臺(tái)階。例如：he climbed the wooden steps and rang the bell. 他爬上木樓梯，按響門鈴。表示“步驟，措施，指一系列行

10、動(dòng)中的一步，相當(dāng)于action/measure；常和動(dòng)詞take搭配；step后面可接in (doing) sth.或to do sth.；還可接towards表示方向。例如：the president took immediate steps to stop the fighting. 總統(tǒng)立即采取措施阻止戰(zhàn)斗。an important step towards peace 通往和平的重要一步動(dòng)詞用法：表示“跨步，邁步，其后常接forward/back/down/into等詞。例如：he stepped back to let me through. 他后退一步讓我通過(guò)。表示“踩，踏，其后常

11、接in/on等介詞。例如：youre stepping on my foot. 你踩到我的腳了。2022，浙江卷，閱讀dthe hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick.7. stickv.粘住；卡住；堅(jiān)持；n.木棒棍，枝條詞形變化：過(guò)去式stuck，過(guò)去分詞stuck關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：stick together粘在一起；在一起，團(tuán)結(jié)一致；stick to sth.堅(jiān)持做某事，不怕困難動(dòng)詞用法：表示“粘，貼，可及物可不及物，常和介詞on/to/in等搭配。例如

12、：he stuck a stamp on the envelope. 他把一張郵票貼到信封上。 stick the broken pieces together.把碎片粘到一起。表示“卡主，動(dòng)不了，stick in sth.卡在里面；the key has stuck in the lock. 鑰匙卡在鎖里了。名詞用法：表示“枝條，柴枝，指樹(shù)的組成局部。例如：they collected sticks to start the fire. 他們撿來(lái)樹(shù)枝生火。指某些作為工具的“棍/簽/條/槌，或“條棍狀物。例如：my aunt walks with a stick. 我姑媽走路要拄拐棍。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

13、：stuck adj.被卡主的，不能動(dòng)的；sticky adj.粘性的；sticker n.張貼物2022，湖北卷，單項(xiàng)填空37一everyone should stick to his dream.一yes. a life without a dream is like a bird without _, which can't fly.a. wings b. water c. clouds d. food8. stopv.停，停止；阻止；n.停；停車站 動(dòng)詞用法：表示“使停止，使終止、“暫停，中止，指不再繼續(xù)；或“停下來(lái)，指不再移動(dòng)；stop doing sth.停止做某事同一件事

14、；stop to do sth.停下來(lái)做某事另一件事；口語(yǔ)中常用stop it/that表示“停下，住手。例如：please stop crying and tell me what's wrong. 快別哭了，告訴我出了什么事。stop it! you're hurting me. 住手！你把我弄疼了。表示“防止，阻止，相當(dāng)于prevent；stop sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止做某事。例如：the rain didnt stop us from enjoying the trip. 那場(chǎng)雨沒(méi)有阻礙我們享受旅行的樂(lè)趣。名詞用法：表示“停止的含義，常用于

15、come to a stop某事停止；bring sth. to a stop停止結(jié)束某事。例如：the un is trying to bring the war to a stop. 聯(lián)合國(guó)試圖結(jié)束這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。表示“車站，或“中途停留處，指停留的動(dòng)作或指所停留的地點(diǎn)。例如：our first stop was paris. 我們的第一站是巴黎。反義詞：continue v.繼續(xù)2022，浙江卷，詞匯運(yùn)用it just takes a moment to stop and pick something up off the ground.9. strangeadj.奇怪的，奇特的；陌生的用法：

16、表示“奇怪的，不尋常的，不可思議的；常見(jiàn)于something strange，its strange that等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：it's strange (that) we haven't heard from him. 奇怪，我們一直沒(méi)有他的消息。表示“陌生的，不熟悉的；strange to sb.對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)很陌生。例如：at first the place was strange to me. 起先我對(duì)這個(gè)地方不熟悉。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：strangely adv.奇怪地，奇妙地，不可思議地；stranger n.陌生人，外人同時(shí)也是strange的比擬級(jí)形式；strangeness n

17、.陌生，冷淡反義詞：familiar adj.熟悉的2022，江蘇卷，單項(xiàng)填空5.the flying squirrel might be one of _ animals you could meet during the trip.a. strangeb. strangerc. strangestd. the strangest10. strictadj.嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)密的；嚴(yán)苛的用法：可形容對(duì)人要求高，表示“嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的；常用于be strict about sth.，be strict with sb.結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：she's very strict about things li

18、ke homework. 她對(duì)作業(yè)之類的事要求非常嚴(yán)格。 they were always very strict with their children. 他們對(duì)子女一向十分嚴(yán)格。也可修飾命令、規(guī)那么等，表示“必須嚴(yán)格遵守的，常和rule/law/limit等搭配。例如：french privacy laws are very strict. 法國(guó)的隱私法非常嚴(yán)格。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：strictly adv.嚴(yán)格地；strictness n.嚴(yán)格，嚴(yán)密2022，江蘇卷，閱讀a23. why are there two cartooning classes on the program?a. beca

19、use the classes are for different age groups.b. because more time is needed to learn cartooningc. because there is a strict limit on numbers for each class.d. because some children might want to do both the classes.11. strongadj.強(qiáng)壯的；鞏固的；強(qiáng)烈的；堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的 用法：表示“強(qiáng)壯的，力氣大的，形容體魄，指能干重活，舉起重物等；常修飾hands/arms/muscles等。

20、例如：he picked her up in his big strong arms. 他用粗壯的雙臂將她抱起來(lái)。表示“堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的，堅(jiān)決的；不會(huì)動(dòng)搖的，形容意志、感情或觀點(diǎn)等。例如：laura had a strong character. 勞拉個(gè)性堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。表示“鞏固的，結(jié)實(shí)的，形容物體不易破損或損壞。例如：the locks on the doors were solid and strong. 門上的鎖都很鞏固結(jié)實(shí)。表示“強(qiáng)大的，影響力大的，或“強(qiáng)烈的，相當(dāng)于powerful，常用來(lái)修飾power/influence等。例如：such feelings may have a strong inf

21、luence over your decisions. 這種情感可能對(duì)你的決定有很大影響。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：strongly adv.強(qiáng)有力地；劇烈地；strength n.力量；力氣；strengthen v.變強(qiáng)；加強(qiáng)2022，北京卷，完形and moments of failure like this build _20_ since then ive learned to face disappointment and grown stronger.20. a. trustb. pridec. characterd. support12. stupidadj.愚蠢的，笨的用法：可用來(lái)形容人，表

22、示“笨的，頭腦遲鈍的；形容事物，表示“愚蠢的，傻的。例如：i couldnt do it, and it made me feel stupid. 這件事我做不來(lái)，這讓我感到自己很愚蠢。whose stupid idea was this? 這是誰(shuí)的蠢主意？詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：stupidly adv.愚蠢地；stupidity n.愚蠢；糊涂事同義詞：silly adj.傻的，愚蠢的：silly的語(yǔ)氣要比stupid溫和許多。例如：dont be so silly! theres nothing wrong with you. 別傻了！你什么問(wèn)題都沒(méi)有。反義詞：smart/clever adj.聰明的

23、2022，浙江卷，語(yǔ)法填空this old man seemed pretty stupid. but are we so much smarter?2022，浙江卷，閱讀d30. the overall tone (總基調(diào)) of this reading is _.a. sad and personalb. personal and scientificc. informative but sillyd. scientific and informative13. subjectn.題目，主題；學(xué)科，科目；主語(yǔ) g用法：表示“主題，題目，話題，指對(duì)話、討論、書、電影等；on the sub

24、ject (of)關(guān)于主題；change the subject轉(zhuǎn)換話題；例如：i have nothing more to say on the subject. 關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題，我再?zèng)]有要說(shuō)的了。在學(xué)校方面，表示“學(xué)科，科目；課程，例如：my favourite subject is math. 我最喜歡的學(xué)科是數(shù)學(xué)。在語(yǔ)法方面，表示“主語(yǔ)，與賓語(yǔ)object相對(duì)應(yīng)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：subjective adj.主觀的；個(gè)人的；subjectively adv.主觀地同義詞：clever adj.聰明的2022，江蘇卷，閱讀d32. why does sam say, "and thin

25、k about it.: what helps you to be good at sport?"a. to change the subject.b. to introduce his next reason.c. to support liz's idea.d. to find an answer to the question.14. succeedv.成功，達(dá)成用法：作不及物動(dòng)詞。“成功做某事不要說(shuō)succeed to do sth.，而說(shuō)succeed in doing sth.。例如：he succeeded in getting a place at art s

26、chool. 他被藝術(shù)學(xué)校錄取了。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：success n.成功；successful(ly) adj.成功的；有成就的 反義詞：fail v.失敗2022，山東卷，閱讀bxiaodong thinks textbooks should include more stories about how great scientists had to struggle to succeed.15. suddenadj.突然的；n.突然發(fā)生的事用法：主要作形容詞，可作表語(yǔ)，可作定語(yǔ)；常用來(lái)修飾change；作名詞多見(jiàn)于all of a sudden短語(yǔ)中，表示“突然。例如：a sudden cha

27、nge in the weather 天氣的突然變化all of a sudden, the lights went out. 突然，燈都滅了。形容外表，“平滑的，光滑的，相當(dāng)于flat。例如：詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：suddenly=all of a sudden adv.突然地；突然2022，北京卷，閱讀d32. the word "collapse" in paragraph 5 probably means_.a. a sudden failureb. the basic rulec. a disappointing startd. the gradual development

28、16. suggestv.建議，提議用法：suggest sth. to sb.向某人建議某事；“建議做某事不能說(shuō)suggest (sb.) to do sth.，而要說(shuō)suggest doing sth.或者suggest (that) sb. (should) do sth.。例如：jenny suggested meeting for a drink after work. 珍妮提議下班后一起喝一杯。i suggest you call him first. 我建議你先給他打 。熟詞僻義：還可以表示“顯示，說(shuō)明，其后可接名詞或that從句；常用于suggest sth. to sb.結(jié)構(gòu)

29、。例如：what do these results suggest to you? 照你看，這些結(jié)果說(shuō)明什么呢？詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：suggestion n.建議：是可數(shù)名詞，注意區(qū)分advice不可數(shù)名詞同義詞：advise v.建議2022，北京卷，閱讀dbut dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily.17. supplyv.&n.供給，供給關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：power supply電源；water supply供水系統(tǒng)；food supply食物供給動(dòng)詞用法：supply sth. to sb.=s

30、upply sb. with sth.為某人供給某物。例如：we can supply you with whatever you need. 我們可以提供任何你需要的東西。名詞用法：supply作不可數(shù)名詞，指“供給/給，補(bǔ)給這一動(dòng)作；作可數(shù)名詞，表示“供給量，供給量。例如：the electricity supply had been cut off. 電力供給被切斷了。books were in short supply. 書籍供給短缺。復(fù)數(shù)形式supplies用來(lái)特指“軍隊(duì)、探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)等的補(bǔ)給品。例如：our supplies were running out. 我們的補(bǔ)給快用完了。詞性轉(zhuǎn)

31、換：supplier n.供給商；supplementary adj.補(bǔ)充的；n.增補(bǔ)物近義詞：provide/offer v.提供2022，山東卷，閱讀b32. why did the u.s. order a ban on huawei? a. huawei's sales in america were growing faster than apple. b. huawei refused to supply services to the u.s. government. c. they didnt want apple to sell parts and services

32、to huawei. d. they thought huawei collected information for the chinese government.18. supposev.猜測(cè)，料想，認(rèn)為；假定用法： 不用進(jìn)行式，通常接that從句；例如：i suppose theyre going to sell the house. 我認(rèn)為他們準(zhǔn)備賣掉這棟房子。be supposed to do/be sth. 應(yīng)該做某事/是某事物。例如：im not supposed to tell anyone. 我不能告訴任何人的。what time are you supposed to be

33、 there? 你應(yīng)該幾點(diǎn)到那兒？詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：supposition n.推測(cè)；假定；supposedly adv.可能近義詞：guess v.&n.猜測(cè)，猜測(cè)2022年，山東卷，單項(xiàng)選擇9.to make rivers than before, everybody is supposed to protect them.a. dirtyb. dirtierc. cleand. cleaner19. sureadj.確信的，肯定的；adv.確實(shí)，一定，當(dāng)然 關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：for sure確實(shí)，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地形容詞用法：be sure常接that從句；not sure常接wh-從句；be sure

34、 of (doing) sth.確定做某事；be sure about sth.對(duì)某事有把握；be sure to do sth.一定做某事。例如：are you sure that you know how to get there? 你肯定知道怎樣到那里去嗎？henry wasnt sure how to answer this. 亨利不清楚該如何答復(fù)這個(gè)問(wèn)題。they were talking about her, she was sure of that. 他們?cè)谡務(wù)撍芸隙ā！皌hats the man i saw last night. “are you sure about

35、that? “那就是我昨晚看見(jiàn)的那個(gè)男人。“你確定嗎？hes sure to get nervous and say something stupid. 他肯定會(huì)緊張，說(shuō)出一些愚蠢的話來(lái)。常用make sure表示“確保或“查明，弄清楚。例如：ill lock the door, just to make sure no one goes inside. 我會(huì)鎖上門，就為確保沒(méi)人進(jìn)去。i wanted to make sure you were all right. 我想確認(rèn)一下你是否沒(méi)事。副詞用法：主要在口語(yǔ)中用于表達(dá)同意；有時(shí)會(huì)用sure enough果然，果真。例如：“can you give me a ride to work tomorrow? “sure. “明天我可