1、Un it 1 Great scie ntists 話題誦讀日積月累 導語霍亂是霍亂弧菌（Vibrio chole 引起的急性腸道傳染病，具有發病急、傳播 快、波及面廣的特點，是當今三種國際檢疫傳染病中的一種。 Cholera Cholera is a water-bor ne disease that is spread through polluted water and food .It is an ill ness caused by the bacterium called Vibrio cholera .It produces an enterotoxin( 腸毒素)that ca

2、uses painless ，watery diarrhea( 腹瀉)that can quickly lead to severe dehydrati on( 脫水)and death if treatme nt is not give n.M ost people infected with cholera do not become ill ， although the bacterium is present in their wastes for 7 14 days.When cholera does happen，more than 90%of cases are not seve

3、re and are difficult to tell from other types of diarrhea.Less tha n 10% of ill people develop cholera with sig ns of moderate or severe dehydrati on. A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food polluted with the cholera bacterium.The disease can spread rapidly in areas without proper

4、treatment of drinking water.The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in dirty rivers and coastal waters.Shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera.Therefore ， the disease is not likely to spread directly from one pers on to ano ther. Cholera can be simply and successfully treated b

5、y immediate replacement of the fluid and salt lost through diarrhea.Patients can be treated by being given a mixture of sugar and salt to be mixed with water and drunk in large amounts.People who develop J F severe diarrhea in countries where cholera breaks out should seek medical attention at once.

6、 In a word ， to avoid cholera ， we should develop a good habit.We should eat well-cooked food in stead of raw food. 詞海拾貝 1. bacterium n. 細菌 2. coastal ad.臨海的；沿海的 3. fluid n. 液體 adj .液體的 4. mixture n. 混合；混雜 5. seek vt 尋找，探尋；追求 問題思考 True(T) or False(F) : 1. Drinking much water with sugar and salt is u

7、seless in the treatment of cholera.( )2 2. In order to avoid cholera 答案：1.F 2.T ,wed better eat cooked shellfish.( 1. suspect A.向 挑戰 2. challenge B.宣布; 通告 3. conclude C.責備; 、比 譴責 4. blame D.認為； 懷疑 5. announce E.結束; 推斷出 6. expose F.暴露; 揭露； 使曝光 7. con tribute G.小心的；謹慎的 8. cautious H.扌冃獻; I- P 、 貝獻 答案：

8、1.D 2.A 3.E 4.C 5.B 6.F 7.H 8.G I .為單詞選擇正確的釋義 自主預習步步提高 詞匯識記 n.根據所給漢語提示寫出單詞 1. 2. 3. 4. _ n.特征; _ vt.打敗; _ n.治愈; _ vt. 吸 收 ; _ vt. 預 見 ; 1.characteristic 5. _ 答案： 川.根據英語釋義寫出單詞 1. 特性 戰勝; 痊愈 吸引; 預知 2.defeat 3.cure 2. proof 3. :to be prese nt at an eve nt :to have an idea that something 4. 4.absorb 5.fo

9、resee 使受挫(n.)失敗 (vt.)治愈；治療 使專心 is bad but without having definite _ : to make a connection between two or more things or people _ : to make something dirty _ : the z 1 X I 1.atte nd 2.suspect 5. _ 答案： IV .選用短語的適當形式填空 part of sth used to open it ; to deal with ; to operate or control 3.li nk 4.pollut

10、e 5.ha ndle put forward ; link.to ; expose.to ; suspect.of ; apart from ; lead to ; draw a conclusion ; be to blame ; be absorbed in ; make sense ; be strict with 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. We had no desire to _ our pla n. this shameful activity _ the n ewspaper. The stude nts sat i n the classroom and _ readi

11、ng En glish. We con sider that you _ for the accide nt. They _ from the fact at last. People ofte n We must 6. 7. Youve ofte n madethe samemistakes .I lung cancer _ smok ing. will _ you from nowon，”he teacher said to Tom. the cost , the dress does nt suit me. 9. What he has said does nt . I cant un

12、dersta nd it. 10 . The use of in formati on tech no logy could develop ing n ati ons. major progress for 3 答案：l.put forward 2.expose to 3.were absorbed in 4.are to blame 5.drew a conclusion 6ink to 7.be strict with 8.Apart from 9.make sense 10.1 ead to V .領會句子所用的句型并譯成漢語 1. Joh n Snow was a famous do

13、ctor in London so expert , in deed , that he atte nded Quee n Victoria as her pers onal physicia n. 2. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 3. So many thousands of terrified people died every_ time there was an outbreak. 4. A woman who had moved away from Broad Street , liked the water fro

14、m the pump so much that she had delivered to her house every day. 答案：1.約翰斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫生一一他的確醫術精湛， 因而成了維多利亞女 王的私人大夫。 2. 人們既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治療方法。 3. 每次爆發霍亂時就有成千上萬驚恐的人病死。 4. 有一位婦女是從寬街搬來的，她特別喜歡那里的水，每天都要派人從水泵打水運到 家里來。 語篇理解 課文表層理解 I .判斷正(T)誤(F) 1. Joh n Snow knew that cholera was not able to be con trolled un

15、 til its cause was found. ( ) 2. The first theory suggested that people took cholera into their bodies with their meals. ( ) 3. John Snow was once frightened to face the challenge and solve the problem of cholera. ( ) 4. The people who had been given free beer and not drunk the water from the pump w

16、ere not attacked by the disease. ( ) 答案：1.T 2.F 3.F 4.T n.根據課文內容回答問題 1. Why could nt the cholera be under control at first? 2. When the cause was found , what did the people do? 3. Whats the extra evidenee?4 答案：.Because n either its cause nor its cure was found. 2. They removed the handle from the p

17、ump so that it could not be used. 3. In another part of London, two other deaths were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. 川.根據對文章的理解，將下面表格補充完整 （每空一詞） JOHN SNOW DEFEATSCING CHOLERA About cholera It was a 1. disease of its day. People did nt know its cause or its 2. . Many thousa nds of people died e

18、very time there was an outbreak. f Two theories Cholera spread in a cloud of dan gerous gas. -Cholera was 3. in to peoples bodies with their meals. The course of finding evide nee As the disease spread quickly through poor 4. of London, John Snow began to gather information. He found the outbreak wa

19、s very 5. in two particular streets. After further in vestigati ons he discovered it seemed that the water was to 6. . When people did nt use the 7. water , the disease slowed down , which showed that cholera was really spread by germs. 8. to preve nt cholera from happe ning Joh n Snow suggested tha

20、t the 9. of all the water supplies be exam in ed. The water compa nies were 10. not to expose people to polluted water any more. 答案：1.deadly 2.cure 3.absorbed 4.n eighbourhoods 5.severe/serious 6.blame 7.polluted 8.Measures/Steps 9.source 10.i nstructed I .根據課文內容匹配段落及其大意 課文深層理解 / 、 1. Para. 1 A. Off

21、er solutions 2. Para. 2 B. What caused cholera 3. Para. 3 C. Provide two control theories 4. Para. 4 D. Collect information 5. Para. 5 E. Collect results 6. Para. 6 F. Analyze the result 7. Para. 7 G. Find supporting evidenee 答案：1.B 2.C 3.D 4.E 5.F 6.G 7.A n.仔細閱讀課文，選擇最佳選項 1. The passage mainly tells

22、 us that _ A. the cause of cholera was polluted water B. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London C. the source of all drinking water should be examined D John Snow did some research and helped to solve “ King Cholera 5 2 What was the key to John Snows discovery? A The government. B The woman who

23、 had moved away from Broad Street. C The water company. D The map made by himself. 3 At last ，“King Cholera ” was controlled by _ A using medicines in hospital B driving patients out of the country C dealing with the polluted water D getting rid of all kinds of pollution 4 What conclusion did John S

24、now draw according to the evidence? A Cholera multiplied in the water. B Polluted water carried the virus. C A cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera. D Cholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found. 答案： 1.D 2.D 3.C 4.B 川.根據課文內容回答下列問題 1Was John Snow a devoted doctor? How do you kn

25、ow that? (Para.1) 2 When did thousands of people die? (Para.1) 3 What did John Snow do when the serious cholera broke out? (Para.1) 4 What was the difference between the first theory and the second theory? (Para.2) 5How do you know that the outbreak was severe? (Para.3) 6 What gave John Snow a valua

26、ble clue about the cause of the disease? (Para.4) 7Why did John Snow have the handle of the pump removed? (Para.5) 8How was cholera spread? (Para.5) 9Why did the woman have the water delivered to her house? (Para.6) 10 What was John Snows suggestion? (Para.7) 答案： 1.Yes ，he was.When many people were

27、affected and died ，John Snow decided to face the challenge and solve the problem. 2 Thousands of people died when another outbreak of cholera hit the city. 3 John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to help solve this problem/ John Snow decided to face the challenge bravely and defeat the deadly diseas

28、e/ John Snow made6 up his mind to bring the disease un der con trol. 4. The first theory suggested that cholera multiplied in the air and was absorbed through peoples noses, while the second theory suggested cholera was absorbed into peoples bodies with their meals./ The first theory suggested that

29、cholera affected people by going into peoples bodies through their noses , while the second theory suggested cholera affected people by going into peoples bodies through their mouths. 5. More than 500 people died in ten days. 6. John Snow marked on a map where all the dead people had lived him a val

30、uable clue about the cause of the disease. 7. He had the handle removed so that they could not pump the water and so they 1 would not drink the polluted water. 8. Cholera was spread by germs in stead of a cloud of gas. 9. Because she liked the water from the pump very much. 10. His suggestion was th

31、at the source of all water supplied should be examined and people should not be exposed to polluted water any more. 知識聚焦講練互動 要點直擊 1. put forward 提出（意見、建議、觀點等）；提前；把（時鐘）往前撥；推薦，提名 （教材原句 P1）Who put forward a theory about black holes? 誰提出了關于黑洞的理論？ &歸納拓展 put sth forward (= put forward sth ) 提出某事；把某事提前

32、；把(時鐘)往前撥 put sb forward (as.) weather.,which gave 搭配 提名某人(為某職位的候選人) 鏈接 1 put down放下；鎮壓；寫下 ;儲存 使 . 生效 實施，實行 put away 收拾 put.i n force put.i nto practice put off 延期 put on 穿上；上演；假裝 put out 撲滅，使熄滅；生產 put up 舉起；搭建；張貼；留 . 住宿 put up with 容忍 put aside 把 . 撇開不理，不考慮 矗即學即練 用 put 短語完成句子。 Joh n Snow _ water. O

33、ur sports meeti ng has bee n a suggestion that people not be exposed to polluted till next month because of the bad 7 They _ a notice there , saying , “ Keep off the grass. ” The fire was _ fin ally with the help of the firefighters. How can you _ such a rude pers on for so long a time? Weve _ by on

34、e week. 我們已把婚禮提前了一周。 Remember to _ ton ight. 記住今晚把時鐘指針往前撥。 Can I _as our club secretary? 我能推薦/提名你擔任我們俱樂部的秘書嗎？ 答案： put forward put off put up put out put up with put the wedd ing forward put your clock forward put you forward 2. conclusion n.結論；結束 （教材原句 P1）Draw a conclusion 得出結論 &歸納拓展 -arrive at/

35、come to/reach/draw a con clusi on 得出結論 make a con clusi on 下結論； 結束 in con clusi on 總而言之 conclude vt.推斷，結束 vi .決定，推斷，斷定 Those are the facts , what do you conclude from them? 這些都是事實，你能從中得出什么結論？ &即學即練 完成句子。 The expert _ that there were many people infected with cholera. 這位專家斷定許多人得了霍亂。 Without suppo

36、rting evidenee , we cant _ 沒有強有力的證據，我們不能下結論。 The meet ing was expected to _ on Mon day. 會議預計在星期一結束。 答案： came to the conclusion make a conclusion conclude 3. defeat vt .打敗；戰勝；使受挫 n.失敗 （教材原句 P2）JOHN SNOW DEFEATSCING CHOLERA 約翰斯諾戰勝“霍亂王” defeat vt.打敗；戰勝；使受挫 n. U , C失敗 （1） Although there were lots of dif

37、ficulties to overcome , she never let her problems defeat her. 雖然生活中有許多困難，但她從不讓困難打敗自己。 （2） K now the en emy and know yourself and you can fight a hun dred battles with no dan ger of defeat. 知己知彼，百戰不殆。 歩易混辨析 搭配 8 defeat/beat , win（戰勝） 詞語 辨析 defeat/beat 后只接人（賓語可以是 team, nation , opponent 等） win 后只接事或物

38、，因為 win的兵語不疋競爭對手，而疋比賽、戰斗、獎品等 （兵語是 game war, prize 等） Yesterday I defeated/beat John at chess.He won only one set , while I won two sets. 昨天我和約翰下棋贏了他。他只贏了一盤，而我贏了兩盤。 O即學即練 完成句子。 _ ，the Olympics are a platform for personal and national glory. 不論是勝利還是失敗，奧林匹克就是實現個人和國家榮譽的舞臺。 Do you still remember _ ？ 你還記得

39、那兩次失敗嗎？ The problem _ ！ 這道題把我難住了！ 答案： In victory and defeat the two defeats defeats me 4. attend vt .照顧；護理；注意；出席；參加 （教材原句 P2）Joh n Snow was a famous doctor in London so expert , in deed , that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physicia n. 約翰斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫生一一他的確醫術精湛， 因而成了維多利亞女王的私人 醫生。 矗歸納拓展 v.照

40、顧；護理；專心；注意 搭配attend（on）sb照料/關懷某人 attend to sth 處理/專心于某事 There was no one to attend him but Tina. 除了蒂娜，再無人照顧他了。 Atte nd to your study and stop talk ing. 專心學習，不要說話。 (2) vt.出席；參加 搭配：attend a meeting/a lecture/school 參加會議/聽講座/上學 He did not atte nd the meet ing yesterday. 昨天他沒有參加會議。 注意：作照顧；護理”講時，可用 atten

41、d，也可用 attend on/upon ;作出席；參 加”講時，attend 多作及物動詞。 助記 多義：attendat-（ = ad-，向）+ tend（伸）原義伸向”：心向著某人或某事 為“注意；照顧”；腳步向著某一地方為“出席；參加” 。 搭配attend to 處理（生意或個人事務）；接待（顧客） 矗易混辨析 joi n/atte nd/joi n in /take part in 詞語 辨析 joi n 指加入某個組織或團體，如軍隊、團隊、政黨等 9 atte nd 指參加會議或儀式，如參加婚禮、葬禮、典禮，或上課、上學、聽報 告等 joi n in 側重指與某人一起做某事，有

42、join sb in sth 和 join in sth 兩種 結構 take part in 指參加有組織的活動等，并起重要作用 (1) 1 decided to join the army. 我決定參軍。 (2) 1 atte nded the meeti ng , but did nt join in /take part in the discussi on. 我出席了會議，但沒有參加討論。 界即學即練 選詞填空： atte nd/jo in /take part in/join in 。 My father was Compelled to _ a revoluti onary or

43、ga ni zati on in 1938. Well _ social activities duri ng the summer vacati on. He will _an importa nt meeti ng tomorrow. Why did nt you _ the talk? 完成句子。 Will you _for a while while rm away? 我要出去一會兒，你能不能幫我照看一下店鋪？ He told me that he had an importa nt party _ that ni ght. 他告訴我那天晚上他有個重要宴會要參加。 答案： join t

44、ake part in attend join in attend to my shop to atte nd 5. expose vt .暴露；顯露；揭露；使曝光；使遭受 (危險等)；使接觸到 (教材原句 P2)But he became in spired whe n he thought about help ing ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但當他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通百姓時，就感到很受鼓舞。 和歸納拓展 甜” expose.to. 使 . 暴露于 . ；使遭受 拾配 亠 |be exposed to 暴露于；接觸 Dont exp

45、ose babies to strong sun light. 不要讓嬰兒受到強烈陽光的照射。 姦即學即練 用 expose 的適當形式填空或完成句子。 She has the courage _ herself to dan ger. The stude nt _ to En glish for about six years. It is unwise _ by trying to perform music that is too difficult for you. 演奏對自己來說太難的樂曲而使自己難堪是不明智的。 They con sider it almost a crime _

46、viole nee and sex on TV. 他們認為讓兒童接觸暴力和色情電視節目幾乎是一種犯罪行為。 答案： to expose has bee n exposed to expose yourself to expose childre n to 6. every time 用作連詞，引導時間狀語從句。意為每次 . 就” (教材原句 P2)So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. ，與 each time 相 10 每次爆發霍亂時就有成千上萬驚恐的人病死。 0歸納拓展 在 e

47、very/each time 等引導的時間狀語從句中， 如果主句用將來時態， 從句則用一般現 在時表示將來。 可充當連詞的名詞詞組： the +瞬間名詞(minute , moment, instant) the +序數詞+ time 不定代詞(each , every , any) + time the + day(week , month, year) I】 即學即練 完成句子。 Do not give a dog bread _ he wags his tail. 不要有求必應。 I found myself in an en tirely new world _ I arrived h

48、ere. 我一到這里就感到耳目一新。 He came out of the classroom _ 一下課他就離開了教室。 _ , please close the door. 下次進來的時候，請把門關上。 I thought her nice and hon est _ 我第一次見到她就認為她是一個誠實的好人。 答案： every time/each time the moment/the minute the moment the class was over Next/The n ext time you come in the first time I saw her 注意：immed

49、iately , the moment, directly 等與 every time 一樣，都可以用作連詞 引導時間狀語從句，意為 “一就”。如： (1) 1 will give the letter to him immediately I see him. 我一見到他就把這封信給他。 (2) I came directly I got your letter. 我一接到你的信就來了。 7. suggest v .暗示，表明；提議，建議 (教材原句 P2) The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. 第一種看法是霍亂病毒在

50、空氣中繁殖。 (教材原句 P3).John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be exam in ed. 約翰斯諾建議所有水源都要經過檢測。 句式分析 句中 suggest 表示“表明，暗示，顯示”，其后的從句用的是陳述語氣； 句中 suggest 表示“建議”，其后的從句用的是虛擬語氣，即從句謂語動詞用“ should + do”，should 可 以省略。 Janes pale face suggested that she was ill , and her parents suggested that s

51、he(should)have a medical exam in atio n. 簡蒼白的臉色表明她生病了，她父母建議她做一下醫學檢查。 &歸納拓展 某些表示“建議，命令，要求”的動詞后面接賓語從句時，從句要用虛擬語氣，從句中 的謂語動詞用should +動詞原形”，should 可以省略。這類動詞主要有： 11 一個“堅持” (in sist); 兩道“命令” (order , comma nd); 三條“建議” (suggest , advise , recommend); 四點“要求” (demand, desire , request , require) 。 &即學即

52、練 單句語法填空或完成句子。 My friend suggested that I _ (build)up my con fide nee. All the evide nee suggested that Tom _ (be)to blame. He suggested to Tom that he _ (struggle)to overcome his shyn ess in public , and his expression suggested that he _ (agree) . My mother ordered that I not _ (expose)my little s

53、ister to strong sun light. The evide nee suggests sin gle fathers _ 這一證據顯示，單身父親比單身母親更有可能去工作。 The teacher suggested the boy _ 老師建議這個男孩應該勇敢地接受挑戰。 答案： (should)build was (should)struggle agreed expose are more likely to work tha n sin gle mothers should take up a challe nge bravely 8. have/get sth done

54、是“ have/get +賓語+賓語補足語”結構，意為“讓某事被做， 遭遇某事”，做事的主體是“別人”而非主語“自己” (教材原句 P3)A woman who had moved away from Broad Street , liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 有一位婦女是從寬街搬過來的，她特別喜歡那里的水，每天都派人從水泵打水運到家里 來。 和歸納拓展 (1) have sb do sth 使某人做某事(do sth作賓補，sb 與 do 為主動關

55、系，相當于 make/let sb do sth , get sb to do sth) The teacher had him mend the broke n door. 老師讓他修理壞了的門。 (2) have sb doing sth 常用在否定句中，特別是用在 will not , can not 等之后，表 示“不能容忍某事發生” (doing sth 作賓補，sb 與 do 之間為主動關系) The teacher cant have stude nts whisperi ng in class. 這位老師不能容忍學生在課堂上竊竊私語。 have.to do 有時間(精力/能力/

56、機會等)做某事(have 在該結構中并非使役動詞， 而是“有”的意思) Do you have time to come here toni ght? 今晚你有時間來這里嗎？ &即學即練 單句語法填空或完成句子。12 My father has a farm and has two men_ (work)for him. Claire had her luggage _ (check)a n hour before her pla ne left. I wont have you _ (cheat)the customers. I have some pers onal affairs

57、 _ (deal)with these days. I will _ next mon th. 下個月我要裝修新房子。 She _ all her jewellery _ . 她所有的首飾都被偷了。 答案： work/to work checked cheat ing to deal have my new house decorated had stole n 應用落實 I .單句改錯 每句中有 1 處錯誤，找出并加以改正。 1. Many of the problems rema in un settli ng. 2. The man dressing in a blue jacket a

58、t the party was a doctor. 3Themanseatinginthechair 4. Many things were con sidered impossible in the past are com mon today. jZV 5. Most of the people inviting to the party were scientists. ( r 6. All the people present accepted the suggestion was put forward by the chairman. 答案：1.unsettling 改為 unse

59、ttled 2.dressing 改為 dressed seated 4.去掉 were 5.inviting 改為 invited 6.去掉 was 或 was 前力口 n.單句語法填空 在句中空白處填上適當的內容 （1 個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。 1. He was suspected stealing the money. 2. I dont know who is (blame)for the messy room. 3. He suggested I (set)aside some time for exercise. 4. The Gree ns had their milk

60、 (deliver)to the door every day. 5. Who is resp on sible this accide nt? 6. He was take n by the false advertiseme nt. 7. The party cameto end at midnight , which was great success & He was strict his son and he was also strict his own work. 9. With her eyes (fix) on the TV scree n , she did nt no tice me sta nding by. 1