1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上現在完成時一、現在完成時構成構成：現在完成時由助動詞have + 過去分詞構成，助動詞have 有人稱和數的變化。第三人稱單數用has，其余用have.現在完成時的否定式直接在助動詞后面加上not、疑問式是把助動詞提到主語之前。以study 為例，其否定式、疑問式和簡單回答形式如下：否定式疑問式I have not (havent) studied.Have I studied?You have not (havent) studied.Have you studied?He has not (hasnt) studied.Has he studied?否定疑問式簡單

2、回答（肯定/否定）Have I not (Havent I) studied?Yes, you have. No, you havent.Have you not (Havent you) studied?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he not (Hasnt he) studied?Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.二、現在完成時用法1、現在完成時通常表示在說話之前已經完成的動作或存在的狀態。說話人強調的是該動作或狀態對現在的結果或影響。My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。Im sure weve me

3、t before. 我肯定我們以前見過面。She has arrived. 她到了。2、表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，往往和包括現在在內的表示一段時間的狀語連用，如recently, already, just, lately, for, since,yet等。如：I havent heard from her these days. 這些日子我沒有收到她的信。We havent seen you recently. 最近我們沒有見到你。They have been away for two years. 他們離開已經兩年了。She has been with us since Monday.f

4、or+時段since+過去一個時間點（譯為：自從以來）since+時段+agosince+從句（過去時）It is+時段+since+從句（過去時）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.注意：since和for的區別since后接時間點，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段時間，表示“長達多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。3、表示短暫意義的動詞如arrive, leave, bor

5、row, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時當中不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用，因為它們表示的動作不可能持續。因此，不能說：He has come here for 2 weeks. ×The old man has died for 4 months. ×They have left only for 5 minutes. ×4、has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的區別Have/Has gone(to) :去了(現在不在說話現場，可能在路上和已經到)Where is your fa

6、ther?He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去過（已不在去過的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.5、現在完成時不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already

7、, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等連用。不能與when連用。現在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用例如：She has already come. 她已經來了。I havent read it yet. 我還沒讀過這個。I have met him before. 我從前曾見過他。Ma Hong has always been a good student. 馬紅一直是個好學生。I have often seen him in the street. 我經

8、常在街上看見他。They have never been to Yanan. 他們從未去過延安。I haven't seen him lately. 我近來沒看到他。三、現在完成時的標志1、現在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現在仍有影響,用以下四大標志詞可以表達這種含義:* 以already, just和yet為標志He has already got her help.他已得到她的幫助。He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過這場電影。He hasn't come back

9、0;yet.他還沒有回來。* 以ever和never為標志This is the best film I have ever seen.這是我曾經看過的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing.他從沒有到過北京。* 以動作發生的次數為標志He says he has been to the USA three times. 他說他已經去過美國三次了。* 以so far（到目前為止）為標+beforeHe has got to Beijing s

10、o far.到目前為止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far.到目前為止她已經通過了考試。2.過去已經開始的動作一直延續到現在, 甚至有可能繼續延續下去,我們可以從動作“延續”的特性和“時間”點段的區分入手,進一步學習現在完成時。for+時段  since+過去一個時間點（過去 從句）為標志四、 瞬間動詞buy, die, join, come，go ,leave, join 不能直接與for since 連用。要改變動詞buy-have  borrow -keepcome/arrive/

11、reach/get to-be in   go out-be out  leave -be awaybegin-be on     finish-be overopen-be open   close -be closeddie-be dead1、have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用h

12、ave borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear代替put on6、用“be形容詞”代終止性動詞bemarried代marry beill代fall (get) illbedead代die beasleep代fall (get) asleepbeawake代wake/wake up

13、begone代lose,die,sell,leavebeopen代open be closed代close/shutbemissing(gone,lost)代lose7、用“be副詞”代終止性動詞beon代start begin “beup”代get up “beback(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to “be here (there)”代come(arrive, reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there8、用“be介詞短語”代終止性動詞1.“be in/at +地點”代替go to /com

14、e to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地點”代替move to常用瞬間動詞變延續性動詞表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.have been in sw./at相應的介詞2. have come/gone back/returned have been back3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened

15、 have been close/open6. have got up have been up；7. have died have been dead；8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed have been over；11. have married have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ；13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had15. have lost havent had16. have put on have worn17. have caught /get a cold h