1、考試學資學習網押題新概念一主要語法知識點（一）時態主要涉及的時態有：一般現在時，現在進行時，一般過去時，現在完成時，一般將來時，過去進行時，過去完成時，過去將來時1. 一般現在時表示一般性，經常性的動作或一般性事實。含有 be 動詞的句子例： He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.變疑問句將be動詞移到句首 例： Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?變否定句在be 動詞后面加not例： He i

2、s not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students.肯定回答及否定回答例： Yes, he is. No, he is not. 1 / 22Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.不含有動詞的句子，即含有一般動詞的句子第三人稱單數及單數名詞例： He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.變疑問句在句首加does,動詞變為原型例： Does he like b

3、ooks?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones?變否定句在主語及動詞之間加 doesn't, 動詞變為原型例： He doesn't like books.She doesn't like him.The dog doesn't like bones.肯定回答及否定回答：例： Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.Yes, she does. No, she doesn'tYes, it does. No, it doesn't.注意： 第三人稱單數形式一般在動詞后面加 S

4、， 不要和名詞復數混淆， 變否定句或疑問句時名詞復數沒有任何變化。2 / 22其他人稱及復數名詞例： I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.變疑問句在句首加 do例： Do you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?變否定句在主語和動詞之間加 don't.例： You don't want to have a bath.We don't have

5、any meat.The students don't like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答例： Yes, I do. No, I don't.Yes, we do. No, we don'tYes, they do. No, they don't.2. 現在進行時表示現在正在進行的動作。構成：主語+ be動詞+動詞的現在分詞+其它成分例： We are having lunch.He is reading a book.3 / 22The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming a

6、cross the river.變疑問句將be 動詞移到句首例： Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?變否定句在be 動詞后面加not例： We are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.特殊疑問句： what,wh

7、ich, how, where, who, etc.疑問詞動詞主語現在分詞例： What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?注：（必背！ ）沒有進行時的動詞：表示狀態，思想，感情和感覺的動詞不能表示正在進行的動作表示感覺，感官的詞see, hear, like, love, want,4 / 22have, has當"擁有"講時沒有進行時3. 一般過去時表示過去發生的動作或事件，常和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday,last night, the day before yesterday,

8、 3 days ago,含有 be 動詞的句子， 將動詞變為過去式， am, is 的過去式為was，are 的過去式為 were例： I was at the butcher's.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten yearsago.變疑問句將be 動詞移動到句首例： Were you at the butcher's?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten yearsago?變否定句在be 動

9、詞后面加not例： I was not at the butcher's.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful tenyears ago.肯定回答否定回答例： Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑問句： 5 / 22例： What did you do?不含有 be 動詞的句子，將動詞變為過去式例： I finished my ho

10、mework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.變疑問句在句首加 did ， 動詞變為原型例： Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?變否定句在主語和動詞之間加 didnot例： I did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy

11、 did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a yearago.肯定回答及否定回答 例： Yes, I did. No, I didn't.Yes, he did. No, he didn't.Yes, they did. No, they did not.4. 現在完成時構成：主語+助動詞have, has+±去分詞用法： 6 / 221）表示過去發生的和現在有某種聯系的動作，常和 just, usually, already,since等時間副詞連用例： I have ju

12、st had lunch. 飽了，不用再吃了（）He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）They have already had their holiday. （不能再度假了）The boy has already read the book. （已經知道書的內容了，不用再看了）2）詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現在完成時：例： Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3）表示開始于過去并持續到現在的動作例： I have lived in Beiji

13、ng for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4）表示一種經歷，經驗：去過 地方，做過 事情，經歷過 事情 例： I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.注意： Have been to表示去過，have gone to 表示去了試比較：I have been to London.人已經回來）He has gone to London.（人還在那里） 7

14、/ 225）表示一種結果，一般不和時間副詞聯用例： I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.She has broken my heart.變疑問句將助動詞移到句首，例： Have you lost your pen?變否定句在助動詞后面加 not.例： I have notlost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答例： Yes, I have. No, I have not.特殊疑問句：例： What have you done?What has he done?注意：一般過去時與現在完成時的區別：凡是有明確的表示過去的時間狀語的句子為過去時注意：有些動詞

15、表示的動作有一個終點，不能再延續，因此不能和表示一段時間狀語連用錯： I've left Beijing for 3 days.對： I left Beijing 3 days ago. Ihave been away from being for 3 days.5. 一般將來時8 / 22表示將來將要發生的動作， 經常和 tomorrow, next year, the dayaftertomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours' time, etc. 表示將來的詞聯用結構：主語+助動詞will+動詞原形例： I will

16、 go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the monthafter the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrowmorning.變疑問句將助動詞移到句首例： Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month afterthe next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrowmorning?變否定句在助動詞后面加 not例： I will

17、not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the monthafter the next.Jack will not move into his new housetomorrow morning肯定回答及否定回答例： Yes, I will. No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. No, he will not.特殊疑問句：例： What will you do?6. 過去完成時：9 / 22用法：在過去的時間里，兩個動作

18、中，發生在前的哪個動作要用過去完成時。結構：had+過去分詞例： After she had finished her homework, shewent shopping.They had sold the car before I asked theprice.The train had left before I arrived at thestation.注意： After/before 引導的時間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號，如果放在主句后則不用加。變疑問句將助動詞移到句首例： Had she finished her homework?變否定句在助動詞后面加 not例： Sh

19、e hadn't finished her homework.肯定回答及否定回答例： Yes, she had. No, she hadn't.特殊疑問句：例： What had she done?7. 過去進行時表示過去正在進行的動作,經常用在when, while, as 引導的狀語從句中。was/were+doing結構： When my husband was going into the diningroom this morning, he例： dropped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner,

20、my father waswatching TV./ 10228過去將來時結構： would do例： She said she would go here the nextmorning.（二）特殊句型：therebe句型，be going to結構1. Be going to 結構表示打算，準備，計劃做某事結構：主語+be動詞+going to + 動詞原型例： I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase tohis daughter.變疑

21、問句將be 動詞移到句首例： Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase tohis daughter?變否定句在be 動詞后面加not例： I am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give thebookcase to his daughter.肯定回答及否定回答 例： Yes, I am. No, I

22、 am not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.11 / 22Yes, he is. No, he is not.特殊疑問句 例： What are you going to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?2. There be 句型表示哪里有什么東西（某處有某物）There is+單數名詞+表示場所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）例： There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the tableThere are+復數名詞+表示場

23、所的詞（一般為介詞詞組）例： There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.變疑問句將be 動詞移到句首例： Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?變否定句在動詞后面加 not例： There is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯定回答及否定回答例： Yes, there is. No, there is not.12 / 22Yes, the

24、re are. No, there are not.（三）問句主要類型有：一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句，選擇疑問句，否定疑問句1. 一般疑問句:助動詞/be動詞+ 主語，通常可以用 Yes或者No來回答。例： Are you a teacher?Do you want to have a cup of tea?回答： Yes, I am./No, I am not.2. 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句What: 表示什么例： What is your name?Where:表示在哪里，對地點進行提問例： Where is my book?Which:表示哪一個（在一定范圍

25、內特指一樣東西或一個人）當作為疑問代詞時， which 通常單獨使用例： Which is your favorite cup?Which are your favorite cups?13 / 22當作為疑問形容詞時， which 后面通常加上一個名詞，構成特殊疑問名詞短語例： Which cup is your favorite?Which cups are your favorite?對國籍的提問對職業的提問What is your job?=What are you?對近況的提問問： How are you today?回答： I'm very well, thank you.

26、3. 選擇疑問句例“ Do you want beef or lamb?4. 反意疑問句肯定陳述句+否定疑問部分，否定陳述部分+肯定疑問部分例： The dog is lovely, isn't it?You don't need that pen, do you?5. 否定疑問句一般疑問句+否定詞例： Aren't you lucky?Don't you want to have a rest?14 / 22（四）some和 any、 many和 much的用法some, any共同點： 1. 都可修飾可數名詞或不可數名詞2. 都可以解釋為“一些”區別：通常情

27、況下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問句（此 時，兩個詞都解釋為“一些” ）例： I want some milk.I don't want any milk.Do you want any milk?特殊用法：1.當表示建議、邀請， 并期待得到對方的肯定回答時 some也可以用在疑問句中，以下為三種句型：1） Would you like.?例 : Would you like some coffee?2） Do you want.？（一般情況而言用any 比較多，但是如果想要得到別人的肯定回答，可以用 some 來提問）例： Do you want some juice?

28、 （回答為Yes）3） What about.？例： What about some bread?2. 當 any 表示“任何”的時候，也可以用在肯定句，且后面如果加可數名詞，需要用單數例： Any one with a ticket can get into the park.many, much15 / 22共同點：都可以解釋為“很多” 不同點：many修飾可數名詞，much修飾不可數名詞例： I have many toy cars.She has much money.注：在口語中表示“很多”一般不用 many, much, 而多用 a lot of, 而在否定句中表示“很多”用 ma

29、ny, much.例： I have a lot of money.I don't have muchmoney.I don't have many apples.（五）名詞分類：名詞分為可數名詞和不可數名詞1. 不可數名詞含義：不可以分成個體的東西： water,tea, bread, milk, rice抽象的東西： love, beauty, coldness特點： 不能用a, an 修飾 不能加s 和單數be 動詞或動詞搭配注：不可數名詞表達復數概念時，用量詞修飾。例： a bottle of milktwo bottles of milk16 / 22a bar of

30、 chocolatetwo bars of chocolatea loaf of breadtwo loaves of breada pound of sugar two pounds of sugar2. 可數名詞：特點：單數可數名詞要用冠詞修飾，有復數形式。名詞復數形式變化規則： 一般情況 +s例：shop shopsbook books 以 s, x, ch, sh,。結尾+es口訣：蛇(sh)吃(ch)象(x)是(sh)會死(s)的哦(0)例：fox foxes church churchesbusbusesdishdishespotatopotatoes以 o 結尾，除了 Negro

31、/hero /potato/tomato ，通常加 s口訣：黑人英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿，剩下一般加s, radios radios 以 f, fe 結尾的，變f, fe 為 ves例：lifeliveshalfhalves19 / 22shelf shelves citycitieswifewives以輔音字母+y結尾，變y為i+es例：sk尸 skiesflyflies注：以元音字母+y 結尾的則直接加 ed例：toytoysboyboysday days不規則變化的名詞復數形式例：man menwomanwomenfootfeetgooses geesetooth teethsheeps s

32、heepchildchildrendeerdeermouse mice國人復數變化： （部分）口訣：中日不變英法變，其余s 加后邊Chinese ChineseJapanese JapaneseEnglishman EnglishmenFrenchman- FrenchmenGerman- GermansItalian Italians（六）情態動詞的使用1 .情態動詞can （能夠），must （必須），may （可以）結構：主語+can/must/may+動詞原型例： He can make the tea.Sally may air the room.We must speak Engl

33、ish.變疑問句將情態動詞移到句首例： Can he make the tea?May I open the door?Must we speak English?變否定句在情態動詞后面加 not例： He cannot make the tea.Sally maynot air the room.You mustn't speak loudly here. = Don't speak loudly here.（這里 mustn't解釋為不許、禁止的意思）特殊疑問句：What can you do?注意： 情態動詞的句子沒有第三人稱單數的變化， 不要在情態動詞或動詞后面

34、加S。2 Must/have to 的區別must表示必須，是主觀上覺得應該做，have to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫才做must只能用在表示現在和將來的句子里，而 have to do可以用在任何時態3 must, may, might 表示猜測： must do 表示對現在事實的猜測must have done表示對過去事實的猜測must have been doing表示對過去正在進行的事實的猜測may/might do, may/might have done 表示沒有任何事實依據的猜測，might 的可能性更小。can't/couldn't 表示不可能4 need 用法：表示“需要”時為實意動詞，后面可以加名詞，也可以加不定式：例： I need a pen.Do you need any beer? No, Idon't.I need to have a rest. 20 / 22注：Need doing=need to be do