1、text a exercises reading aloudunderstanding the textreading analysisvocabularystructuretranslationread the following paragraph until you have learned them by heart. because so many english words sound similar, misunderstandings among english-speaking people are not uncommon. not all misunder-standin

2、gs result in highways being closed or passengers flying to the wrong continent. most misunderstandings are much less serious. every day people speaking english ask one another questions like these: “did you say seventy or seventeen?” “did you say that you can come or that you cant?” similar-sounding

3、 words can be especially confusing for people who speak english as a second language.reading aloudanswer the following questions.what is the text mainly about?why did the man with uncombed hair and dirty clothes head straight for the restroom when he got on the bus?what did the passenger at the back

4、 of the bus decide to do when she saw the man hiding himself in the restroom?what was the original message the passengers were supposed to pass and what had it turned into when it reached the driver?what was the result of the wrong message?where did the man in los angeles want to go and where did he

5、 arrive?what was the cause of his mistake? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. understanding the texttopics for discussion.1. have you ever experienced situations similar to those described by the writer of the text? are there similar misunderstandings among chinese-speaking people? tell the story/stories that you

6、 know to your classmates.2. what can you do to avoid the serious consequences (后果) of misunderstandings caused by confusing words or expressions? according to the writer, how often do misunderstandings take place among english-speaking people?who are more easily confused by similar-sounding english

7、words?why did the korean woman wonder all day about her bosss question?what is the best thing to do when misunderstandings arise among english-speaking people, according to the writer? 8. 9.10.11. misunderstand-ings may occur among nativee n g l i s h speakers. part topic paragraph supporting detail

8、sread text a again and complete the following table.1a passenger wanted to tell the driver that there was a bum in the restroom _ _.2the change of the word “bum” into “bomb” caused a 15milelong .traffic jam _3a man who wanted to go to oakland finally got to auckland because . he failed to get the me

9、aning correctly _ _reading analysis non-native english speakers . part topic paragraph supporting details4misunderstandings among english-speaking people are common, but they occur . more frequently among non-native english speakers _5a korean womans failure to understand the difference made her won

10、der about her bosss question all day.between “a plate” and “up late” _are more often affected_ what should people do ? part topic paragraph supporting details6 whenmisunderstandingsoccur _the best thing people can do about misunderstandings caused by similar-sounding words is .probably just laugh an

11、d learn from the mistake _ _ _fill in the blanks with the words given below. change the forms where necessary.common continent embarrass flight immediately misunderstanding passenger search serious similar traffic wonder1. about seventy of the trains 500 were injured in the accident.2. when mother s

12、aw my face, she knew that something was wrong.3. these two chinese words look quite , but they are opposite in meaning.4. i havent seen mary in years. i what she looks like now.5. asia is the largest in both size and population.6. on streets and highways, a red light tells drivers to stop and a gree

13、n light tells them to go.traffic_passengers_immediately_similar_wonder_continent_vocabularycultural differences between people from different countries can sometimes lead to .john got very drunk at the party, and his wife felt reallyabout it.because of the bad weather, most have been cancelled (取消)

14、today.earthquakes (地震) are in this part of the world.traffic police in shanghai are again warning that overloaded vehicles (超載車輛) are dangerous and can cause accidents.police have the area for about two days, but so far have found nothing.0.11.12.searched_misunderstandings_embarrassed_flights

15、_common_serious_common continent embarrass flight immediately misunderstanding passenger search serious similar traffic wonderfill in the blanks with the expressions given below. change the forms where necessary.get on/off head for tap (sb.) on the shoulder pull over result in feel like by the timet

16、urn out (all right) in the end instead of i ran to the railway station as fast as i could but found the train was almost full by the time i .having finished his work ahead of time, philip was happy to leave his office and the airport to enjoy his holiday.you should have seen boriss face when max him

17、 .how surprised he was at that moment!when a policeman saw the bus driver running a red light, he called to him to and walked towards the bus..got on_head for _tappedon the shoulder_ _pull over _his poor english has misunderstandings between him and his american boss. what a lovely day it is!

18、 do you a walk along the mountain path? we got to the bus stop, the last bus had already left.though there were quite a few difficulties, i was sure that things were going to .at the meeting, there were many different suggestions for our holiday, but we decided to take georges suggestion and went to

19、 the seaside again.i cant understand why they chose him you you can do the job much better than he..9.10.resulted in _feel like _by the time _turn out all right_instead of _in the end _get on/off head for tap (sb.) on the shoulder pull over result in feel like by the timeturn out (all right)

20、in the end instead of rewrite the following sentences after the model.model: she did not ask him about it because she felt embarrassed.she was too embarrassed to ask him about it. 1. by the time i got home, i couldnt do anything active because i was very tired.by the time i got home, i was too tired

21、 to do anything active.the two girls look very similar, so people outside their family cannot tell them apart from each other.2.the two girls look too similar for people outside their family to tell them apart from each other._structurewhat in the world does mm(美眉美眉) stand for? i cannot understand t

22、he abbreviations (縮寫詞縮寫詞) that people use on the bbs (電子布告欄系統(tǒng)電子布告欄系統(tǒng)) because they are really confusing.because of tv, most people have become lazy and do not make the effort to go to the cinema.4.because of tv, most people have become too lazy to make the effort to go to the cinema._what in the wor

23、ld does mm stand for? the abbreviations that people use on the bbs are too confusing for me to understand._3. ann made a serious mistake yesterday. she could not decide on the correct choice because she had very little time to do the test.5.ann made a serious mistake yesterday because the test gave

24、her too little time to decide on the correct choice._fill in the blanks with the preposition/conjunction “until” and the words given in brackets. add some words or change the forms of the words given where necessary.model:the message was passed from person to person until it reached the front of the

25、 bus. (reach, it, the front, the bus)i plan to keep studying english . (the basics, i learn, really, the language) i was so moved by the story that i couldnt stop crying . (the book, the end)2.1.until i have really learnt the basics of the language_until the end of the book_its fine to ask questions

26、 as the speakers go along, but its better if you wait. 4.3.until my teacherexplained them in class with several examples6.5.until i saw sam ward leave the building_.until he got on a city bus_until they have finished their speeches_.(they, speech, finish)i didnt know the difference between these two

27、 confusing words.(explain, them, several examples, my teacher, in class)_i stayed in my office talking to mr. smith(i, sam ward, leave, see, the building)after he received the phone call, he ran out of the store, not stopping. (a city bus, get on, he)translate the following sentences into english.1.

28、 由于下大雪，旅客們只能在機(jī)場(chǎng)等到午夜雪停為止。由于下大雪，旅客們只能在機(jī)場(chǎng)等到午夜雪停為止。because of the heavy snow, the passengers had to wait at the airport until midnight when the snow stopped.火車開(kāi)動(dòng)火車開(kāi)動(dòng)2020分鐘后，兩個(gè)男孩才發(fā)現(xiàn)他們登上的是一輛開(kāi)往杭州，而不是他們分鐘后，兩個(gè)男孩才發(fā)現(xiàn)他們登上的是一輛開(kāi)往杭州，而不是他們的家鄉(xiāng)蘇州的火車。的家鄉(xiāng)蘇州的火車。2.twenty minutes after the train started, the two boys foun

29、d that they had got on a train heading for hangzhou instead of their hometown, suzhou.3. 發(fā)音相似的英語(yǔ)詞常常引起講英語(yǔ)者之間的誤會(huì)。發(fā)音相似的英語(yǔ)詞常常引起講英語(yǔ)者之間的誤會(huì)。similar-sounding english words often result in misunderstandings among english-speaking people._translation駕駛員聽(tīng)到從汽車引擎駕駛員聽(tīng)到從汽車引擎(engine)里傳出異常的聲音，于是他馬上靠邊停車檢查，里傳出異常的聲音，于是

30、他馬上靠邊停車檢查，但是最終一切正常。但是最終一切正常。the driver heard an unusual sound from the car engine, so he pulled over immediately to check, but it turned out all right in the end.當(dāng)李先生意識(shí)到自己犯了一個(gè)在把英語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言的人群中常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，當(dāng)李先生意識(shí)到自己犯了一個(gè)在把英語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言的人群中常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，他感到很尷尬。他感到很尷尬。5.mr. lee felt very embarrassed when he realized that he

31、 had made a very common mistake among speakers of english as a second language.6. 瑪麗想學(xué)日語(yǔ)，并希望能很快學(xué)會(huì)，但不久就發(fā)現(xiàn)日語(yǔ)太難了，短期內(nèi)她無(wú)法學(xué)會(huì)。瑪麗想學(xué)日語(yǔ)，并希望能很快學(xué)會(huì)，但不久就發(fā)現(xiàn)日語(yǔ)太難了，短期內(nèi)她無(wú)法學(xué)會(huì)。mary felt like learning japanese and hoped she could learn it quickly, but soon found it was too difficult for her to learn in a short period of

32、 time._4.grammar review動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的-ing形式形式 動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞的-ing形式由動(dòng)詞原形形式由動(dòng)詞原形+ -ing構(gòu)成。它可以在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、構(gòu)成。它可以在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),但不能單獨(dú)構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。但不能單獨(dú)構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing的形式變化（以的形式變化（以write為例）為例）主主 動(dòng)動(dòng) 被被 動(dòng)動(dòng) 一般式一般式 writing being written 完成式完成式 having written having been written動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing的用法的用法用用 法法 例例 句句1. 作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)ma

33、king history in my family is yet another important thing i hope to gain from my college education. 在我的家庭中創(chuàng)造歷史是我希望從大學(xué)教育中得到的又一樣重要在我的家庭中創(chuàng)造歷史是我希望從大學(xué)教育中得到的又一樣重要的東西。的東西。taking a look back has motivated me to reach farther. 回顧過(guò)去激勵(lì)著我走得更遠(yuǎn)回顧過(guò)去激勵(lì)著我走得更遠(yuǎn)。作動(dòng)詞、介作動(dòng)詞、介詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)詞的賓語(yǔ)2.he thought that if he hid in

34、 the restroom, he could ride to new york without paying.他想如果他躲在洗手間里，便可以不付錢就乘車去紐約。他想如果他躲在洗手間里，便可以不付錢就乘車去紐約。he took up singing recently.他最近對(duì)唱歌發(fā)生了興趣。他最近對(duì)唱歌發(fā)生了興趣。用用 法法 例例 句句3. 作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)it is fitting that january 4, louiss birthday, is considered braille day, in honor of the blind. 把路易的生日把路易的生日1月月4日定為向盲人表示敬

35、意的布拉耶日是非常恰當(dāng)日定為向盲人表示敬意的布拉耶日是非常恰當(dāng)?shù)摹５摹y job is training new workers. 我的工作是培訓(xùn)新工人。我的工作是培訓(xùn)新工人。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)4.i noticed the young porter of a sleeping car whispering to the conductor and nodding toward me. 我注意到一個(gè)年輕的臥車行李搬運(yùn)員正在跟列車員竊竊私語(yǔ)，我注意到一個(gè)年輕的臥車行李搬運(yùn)員正在跟列車員竊竊私語(yǔ)，并朝著我點(diǎn)頭。并朝著我點(diǎn)頭。can you get the car going? 你能開(kāi)動(dòng)這輛車嗎

36、？你能開(kāi)動(dòng)這輛車嗎？用用 法法 例例 句句作定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞-ing形式單獨(dú)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)形式單獨(dú)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般放在被修飾詞一般放在被修飾詞之前，動(dòng)詞之前，動(dòng)詞-ing短短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)一般放在語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾詞之后被修飾詞之后ive tried every way to comfort the crying girl. 我已經(jīng)想盡了各種辦法來(lái)安慰那個(gè)哭哭啼啼的女孩。我已經(jīng)想盡了各種辦法來(lái)安慰那個(gè)哭哭啼啼的女孩。every day people speaking english ask one another questions like these: “did you say seventy

37、or seventeen?” 每天講英語(yǔ)的人會(huì)相互問(wèn)這樣的問(wèn)題：每天講英語(yǔ)的人會(huì)相互問(wèn)這樣的問(wèn)題：“你是說(shuō)七十還是十七你是說(shuō)七十還是十七呢？呢？”。作狀語(yǔ)，可以表作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件和結(jié)讓步、條件和結(jié)果等果等6.she answered, wondering what in the world he meant. 她回答道，卻不明白他的話究竟是什么意思。她回答道，卻不明白他的話究竟是什么意思。the brothers sat eyeing each other over the tops of the moneybags. 兩兄弟坐在那兒，目光越過(guò)錢袋頂看著對(duì)方

38、。兩兄弟坐在那兒，目光越過(guò)錢袋頂看著對(duì)方。5.translate the chinese in the brackets into english.1. the sun shines bright in the sky, (給我們光和熱給我們光和熱).they had six other children three boys and three girls, (年齡在年齡在4到到16歲之間歲之間).2.3. (應(yīng)邀在此講話應(yīng)邀在此講話) is a great honor for me.4. im so glad to hear (你鼓勵(lì)的話你鼓勵(lì)的話).the young man (坐在瑪麗

39、和湯姆中間的坐在瑪麗和湯姆中間的) is the chairman of the student union. 5.giving us heat and light_sitting between mary and tom _being invited to speak here_your encouraging words _ranging in agefrom 4 to 16_6. whats the point of (把今天的工作留到明天把今天的工作留到明天)?from the window we could see the children (在操場(chǎng)上玩耍在操場(chǎng)上玩耍).7.8. y

40、ou shouldnt drive for more than three hours without (休息片刻休息片刻). (應(yīng)邀在此講話應(yīng)邀在此講話) is a great honor for me.9. he rushed out, (留下我一個(gè)人留下我一個(gè)人) in the restaurant.wilbur and orville didnt have any special training in science or engineering, but they enjoyed (把機(jī)械的東西拆開(kāi)把機(jī)械的東西拆開(kāi)) to see how they worked.10.taking

41、 mechanical things apart _leaving todays work for tomorrow _playing in the playground _taking a break _leaving me alone _practical writing letters of invitationhow to write a letter of invitation do you have an engagement, wedding, or graduation coming up? is there a performance, school event, or me

42、eting to which you want to invite people? do you want to invite someone to speak at your meeting or conference? whatever your event is, the following will help you write an effective invitation. guidelines for writing invitations: state the occasion, date, time, and place. include addresses and a ma

43、p if necessary. mention if refreshments will be served. list any charges that may apply. include a telephone number for rsvps. if there is a dress code, state the preferred dress in the lower left-hand corner of the card. if you need a response, include a self-addressed, stamped reply card or envelo

44、pe with your invitation. express that you are looking forward to seeing the person. do not use abbreviations and do not use contractions (dont; well) except for name titles, such as mr., mrs., etc. if dinner will be served, state two separate times: the time people can start arriving and the time di

45、nner will be served. if you do not want gifts, briefly state that gifts are not desired or needed. explain that your guests presence is the only gift you need. make sure you send out your invitations with ample advance notice. if you have guests coming from out of town or from other countries, you m

46、ay want to send out your invitation several months in advance (especially if your event takes place around a holiday). this will allow your guests adequate time to make preparations, reservations, save money, etc.for smaller, less formal events that include local guests or guests from nearby areas,

47、you may only need to provide a few weeks notice. if you are inviting someone to speak at a conference, your invitation should include the following information: * name of the conference and the sponsoring organization; * date, time, place of the conference and speech; * type of audience; * type of s

48、peech, topic, and how long the speech should be; * any accommodations that will be made, including lodging, meals, and transportation; * name of the contact person along with phone numbers and addresses where that person can be contacted; and * finally, articulate your pleasure at having the person

49、speak at the meeting or conference. useful expressions:1. how to start your letter: you are invited to attend our companys annual open house. we invite you to join us in thanking david shaw for his 25 years of leadership. it would be a great pleasure to meet you on _ (date) at/in the _ (place). _ (c

50、ompany) invites you to an exclusive showing of its latest computing and telecommunications products. would you be interested in sharing your experience with the members of our association at their monthly dinner meeting?2. how to offer details about your arrangements: we are giving a luncheon at _ (

51、place) at _ (time) on _ (date) to introduce . the company will host a celebration in honor of davids retirement at legal tech, on june 27, from 4:00 to 7:00 p.m. refreshments will be served from p.m. to p.m. the presentation will take place at (place) at(time) on (date). 3. how to end your letter: w

52、e are sure you will find the presentation interesting. we hope you will be able to attend. we are all looking forward to hearing your views. we are looking forward to seeing you. just call our office at 98-8899 and we will be glad to reserve a place for you. please let me know as soon as possible.re

53、ad the invitations below and answer the questions that follow.on the occasion of the tenth anniversaryof the founding of nanjing technical collegethe president, mr. li xinyang,would like to invite mr. wang hongto a reception on friday, july 2, 2004from 12:30 to 13:30 p.m. at the guest center of ntcr

54、.s.v.p. ( r.s.v.p. 是法語(yǔ)是法語(yǔ) r pondez sil vous pla t 的縮寫，相當(dāng)于：的縮寫，相當(dāng)于：reply, if you please. 請(qǐng)回復(fù)。請(qǐng)回復(fù)。)tel. 34756183 ext. 238 ( ext. 為為 extension 的縮寫，意為的縮寫，意為“電話分機(jī)，分機(jī)號(hào)電話分機(jī)，分機(jī)號(hào)碼碼”。)1. who is inviting mr. wang hong to attend a reception? 2. what is the purpose for holding the reception? 3. where is the rece

55、ption to be held? 4. when will the reception be held? mr. li xinyang, the president of nanjing technical college.to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the founding of nanjing technical college.on july 2, 2004 from 12:30 to 13:30 p.m.at the guest center of ntc.dear mr. smith, we take great pleasure i

56、n inviting you to attend a reception given in honor of mr. david brown, on the occasion of his retirement from mcmillan investment company. the reception will be held at the grand hall, on wednesday, may 12, 2004. our department will be presenting mr. david brown with a gift at that time. we are loo

57、king forward to seeing you. yours sincerely, jennifer lewis5. when is the reception going to be held? 6. what is the purpose for holding the reception? 7. where is the reception being held? on wednesday, may 12, 2004.to celebrate mr. david browns retirement from mcmillan investment company.at the gr

58、and hall.you are going to hold a graduation party at your house on sunday, june 27. the party will start after your graduation ceremony, at about 4:00 p.m. write an invitation letter to your friends.suggested answer:dear wu ji, you are invited to attend a graduation party at my house on sunday, june

59、 27. the party will start immediately after our graduation ceremony, at about 4:00. your parents and friends are welcome, too. i do hope you can come. sincerely, wang junexercises answer the following questions.1. how many groups of interesting english words has the writer talked about in the text?

60、1. how many groups of interesting english words has the writer talked about in the text? 2. what kind of words are those that are talked about in the first group?3. what is the main difference in the pronunciation of the words given in the second group?4. can you give some words that are spelled the