1、虛擬語氣的講解和用法以及練習題虛擬語氣表示說話人的主觀愿望、猜測、建議或與事實不符的假設等，也可以表示可能性較小的情況或不可能發生的情況，而不是客觀存在的事實（表示客觀事實要用陳述語氣）。虛擬語氣是由句中謂語動詞的特殊形式表現出來的。虛擬語氣常用于復合句中，也可用于簡單句。一、if引導的虛擬條件句I.表示與現在相反: 主句：If + 動詞過去式 (were, did, had, etc.), 從句：should / would / could / might + 動詞原形 e.g. If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick. If

2、 I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug. II.表示與過去相反:主句：If + had + 過去分詞, 從句：should / would / could / might + have + 過去分詞e.g. If she had told him about the danger, he would not have got hurt. If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped them. III.表示與將來相反: 主句：If + 動詞過去式 (were

3、, did, had, etc.),從句：should / would / could / might + 動詞原形 e.g. If the teacher asked me to solve the problem next time, I could try my best. 主句：If + should +動詞原形, 從句：should / would / could / might + 動詞原形e.g. If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. 主句：If + were to +動詞原形, 從句

4、：should / would / could / might +動詞原形e.g. If we were to panic, we would not be able to help. If引導的虛擬條件句應該注意的問題1. 錯綜時態虛擬條件句如果從句所假設的謂語動詞發生的時間與主句所假設的謂語動詞發生的時間不一致, 這種假設條件句叫錯綜時間條件虛擬語氣. 其主句和從句謂語動詞的構成要根據所假設的時間而定.1) If I had taken the medicine, I would be better now. 如果我服用了那種藥的話, 現在就會好些了.2) If the weather h

5、ad been finer, the crops would be growing still better. 如果(前些日子)天氣更好些, 莊稼一定會長得更好.2. 含蓄條件句有些條件是由一些短語引出的 (but for, with, without; otherwise, or, but, etc,) 1) We couldnt have achieved so much without your help (= If we had not had your help).2) Without solar radiation, animals and plants would die. 3)

6、 With better equipment, we could have done it better. 4) But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry. 5) I should have returned the book last week, but I was so busy that I forgot to do so. 6) He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to h

7、elp us.7) He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.注意：在某些隱含的虛擬條件簡單句中, 虛擬語氣可通過上下文表現出來. 謂語動詞用虛擬形式，如：1) Any men in his position would have done like that.2) You should (ought to) have come earlier.3. 省略if的虛擬條件句如果if虛擬條件句中含有were/should/had的話，則可以省略if，此時應將這三個詞放在句首，采用倒裝語序。例如：1) If I

8、 were you, I would go to the party. 變成：Were I you, I would go to the party.2)If it should happen, what would you do? 變成：Should it happen, what would you do?3)If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus. 變成：Had you come earlier, you would have caught the bus.注意否定式：If you hadnt come earlier

9、, you wouldnt have caught the bus. 變成： Had you not come earlier, you wouldnt have caught the bus. 4. “If it were not for / had not been for”也是一種條件虛擬語氣從句, 譯為 “要不是因為”1) If it hadnt been for the doctor, he wouldnt have recovered so soon. 2) If it were not for the lack of space, we would hold the sports

10、 meet today. 5.虛擬語氣、陳述語氣和祈使語氣的混合使用在有些情況下, 條件從句中的謂語由”should + 原形動詞” 構成, 這時主句的謂語動詞既可以是虛擬語氣或陳述語氣, 也可以是祈使語氣.1. If it should rain, the plan will / would be called off.2. Should anyone phone, please tell them Im busy.3. Even if (If) it should get stormy, I will go.二、名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣1. 賓語從句表示法: 一堅持（insist）；二命令（

11、order, command）；三建議（suggest, recommend, advise）；四要求（demand, require, request, ask）等動詞后面的賓語從句要用原形動詞should + 原形動詞, should可以省略. 1. The doctor advised that I (should) take a rest.2. The London workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised. 3. He insisted that the meeting (should) not be put off.注

12、意：當suggest表示“暗示”， insist表示“堅持認為” 時, 其賓語從句中的謂語動詞不需要用虛擬語氣, 要用陳述語氣.1. Are you suggesting that I am not suited for the job?2. He insisted that he was innocent.2. 主語從句表示法: 當以上動詞用在下列主語從句中時，也應該用should + 原形動詞，如：1. It is suggested that the building (should) be pulled down.2. It is ordered that the work (shou

13、ld) be started at once.【另外】：在“It is/ was strange (necessary, wonderful, important, natural, a pity, a shame等) + that”的主語從句中也要用should + 原形動詞, should可以省略.3. It is strange that he (should) refuse to come to the party.4. It is necessary that a doctor (should) be sent for at once.5. It is important that

14、we (should) learn from teachers. 3. wish 后面的賓語從句，要求謂語動詞用虛擬語氣。表示對現在的虛擬，從句用過去時；表示對過去的虛擬，從句用過去完成時；表示對將來的虛擬，從句用would/could/might + 動詞原形。e.g. I wish that she were here with me and that we werent sick. I wish I had sent the old man to hospital in time. 4. 表語從句表示法.當suggestion, proposal, order, advice, dema

15、nd 等名詞作主語時, 其后面的表語從句中也用虛擬語氣, 即should + 原形動詞, should 也可以省略.eg.My advice is that you (should) give up smoking.5. 同位語從句表示法. 1. That evening came the order that we (should) cross the river at once.三、其它虛擬語氣中常見的句型1. It is (high / about) time that， 這一從句的謂語動詞用過去式或should + 原形動詞, 其中should不可以省略. 此句型譯為”該是時候了”.

16、1. Jack is a great talker. It is high time that he did/ should do something instead of just talking.2. would rather + 從句 would rather后接動詞原形，但是接從句的時候要用虛擬語氣。此句型表示”寧愿讓某人”, 如果是表示與現在或將來現實相反, 從句用過去時; 如果是表示與過去事實相反, 從句用過去完成時.1) Id rather you left tomorrow.2) Id rather they hadnt gone to school yesterday.3.

17、if only句型此句型表示”要是就好了”。如果表示與現在事實相反, 句子謂語用一般過去時; 如果表示與過去事實相反, 要用過去完成時; 如果表示與將來事實相反, 則應該用 would/ could + 動詞原形。 1) If only I were a bird! 2) If only I had worked hard as a student!3) If only I could land on the moon!4. 在as if引導的狀語從句當說話人認為句子所述的是不真實的或極少有可能發生或存在的情況時。從句虛擬語氣動詞時態的形式如下： （1）如果從句表示與現在事實相反，謂語動詞用一

18、般過去時。如： You look as if you didnt care He talks as if he knew where she was （2）從句表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用“had過去分詞”。如： He talks about Rome as if he had been there before The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone （3）從句表示與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用“wouldcouldmight動詞原形”。He opened his mouth as if he would say somethi

19、ng It looks as if it might snow 5. 連接詞in case可用來引起的虛擬語氣。 形式通常為: in case + 主語 + should +動詞原形. in case句中should 的可以省去。也可以不用虛擬語氣, 而用陳述語氣.1) He took his rain coat with him in case it should rain.2) He doesnt dare to leave the house in case he is (should be) recognized.if 引導的虛擬條件從句練習1. I am sure that Hust

20、on Rockets _ the game, if Yao Mings knee had not been hurt.A. would win B. might have won C. will win D, could win2. _ the truth, he wouldnt have lent her any money.A. Jack has known B. If Jack knownC. Should Jack know D. Had Jack known3. This kind of work is hard and dangerous. But _ you would beco

21、me rich.A. would you succeed B. could you succeedC. might you succeed D. should you succeed4. Given more time and money, he _ better than what it is.A. did B. had done C. could have done D. would do5. Without your encouragement and support, we _ . A. should not succeeded B. would not succeeded C. wo

22、uld have succeeded D. would not have succeeded6. The same thing, happening in war time, _ great disaster.A. will amount to B. amounted to C. would have amounted to D. would amount to7. If I _ the job, I would do it in a different way. A. would do B. do C. shall do D. were to do8. He _ ten lectures o

23、n American history, but he only gave two because of his illness. A. had given B. gave C. should have given D. must have given9. Any man in his position _ like that. A. have done B. would have done C. would be done D. would be doing10. Five minutes earlier, I _the flight. A. have caught B. had caught

24、 C. could have caught D. were to catch11. Our director was absent. Otherwise, I _ the chair. A. would not take B. didnt take C. hadnt taken D. wouldnt have taken12. If you explained the situation to your solicitor(律師)，he _ able to advise you much better than I can.(2005) A. would be B. will have bee

25、n C. was D. were 13. _ you _ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer (經銷商) for advice. A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had14. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _ much better results now. (2008) A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. w

26、ould get15. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier to learn. (2009) A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been16 Were it not for the snowy weather, we _ all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 17. _ more careful, his ship would not have sunk.A.

27、 If the captain were B. Had the captain beenC. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been18. If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know.A. should call B. should not have been ableC. were not able D. are not able19. If you asked your father you _ permission.A. may get B. might get C. shou

28、ld have called D. maybe get20. _ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves虛擬語氣專項練習1. If I had had enough time, I my work. A. would finish B. must have finishedC. would have finished D. had finished 2. Ten minutes earlier, they the pl

29、ane.A. will catch B. would catchC. would have caughtD. will have caught 3. Mr. Green requires that the students a composition every other week. A. write B. written C. would write D. will write 4. Had he studied hard, he the exam.A. would passB. could passC. had passed D. would have passed 5. I wish

30、I what is happening there in his room.A. know B. known C. knew D. should know 6. It is important that you sports every day.A. have B. would have C. must have D. will have 7. If there were no water in the world, everything .A. will dieB. would dieC. would have died D. would have been dead 8. what was

31、 going to happen ,I would never have left her alone. A. Had I known B. If I knowC. If I knew D. If had I known 9. He ordered that the work right away.A. should finish B. finishedC. would be finished D. be finished 10. Shall we go to the movie tonight? No, Id rather at home with our baby. Youd better

32、 not leave it to the babysitter at night.A. you stayed B. you stay C. stayed D. stay 11 . in your position, I would help him.A. Was I B. Were I C. If I am D. If I had been 12. I , but I was stopped by the heavy rain. A. mean to come B. meant to comeC. had meant to comeD. meant coming 13. Mrs. Black

33、insists in that old hotel.A. not to stay B. not stayingC. staying notD. that he not stay 14. If you had spoken clearly, you would .A. understand it B. have understood C. be understood D. have been understood 15. If you that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy.A. havent watched B. hadnt w

34、atched C. didnt watch D. wouldnt have watched 16.The foreign friend speaks Chinese so well as if he a Chinese. A. is B. be C. should be D. were 17. If he , he that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. would be warned; had not taken C. had been warne

35、d; would not have taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 18. Without electronic computers, much of todays advanced technology_ achieved. A. will not beB. would not be C. would not have been D. cannot have been 虛擬語氣實戰演練1. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ your advice. (上海2003) A. follo

36、wed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow2. _ be sent to work there? (上海 2002) A.Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should3. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! (上海 2002) A. has B. had C. wi

37、ll haveD. had had4. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. (上海2001) A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored5. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had

38、driven; wouldnt have got6. My suggestion is that we _ a few more assistants to help the engineer working busily on the machine. A. sends B. sending C. to send D. send7. The CEO of the company insisted _ in the five-star hotel. A. that we not stay B. that we dont stay C. we wouldnt stay D. not to sta

39、y8. Its high time we students _ even harder at our lessons as the national entrance examination is coming nearer. A. work B. will work C. worked D. have to work9. It has been proposed that the school sports meet _ till next weekend because of the recent storm. A. should be put off B. should put off C. put off D. would be put off10. How I wish I _ to Athens, where the 28th Olympic Games are being held! A. will pay a visit B. have paid a visit C. could pay a visit D. had paid a visit11. Though the girl had