1、Automotive safety systems and technologyresearch and analysisAbstract : auto parts of good and bad will directly affect the safety of the car, are directly related to the peoples life safety and security in wealth. This article mainly from the cars active safety technology and passive safety technol

2、ogy two aspects elaborated the importance of car parts, and how to improve the safety of the car.Key words : automobile, active safety technology, passive safety technologyAs traffic tools of the modernization and absolute number increase sharply, traffic accidents are also increasing. Car accident

3、has become severe global social issues. Undoubtedly, advanced auto safety facilities are the driving safety indispensable safeguard. So, we should start, from technology to research and development of high performance, high safety car, also want to strengthen the regular inspection in cars, so timel

4、y maintenance investigation, make cars often in good technical status, so as to improve the safety performance of the car.Here we introduced active safety technology and automobile car passive safety technology. Auto safety is according to the traffic accident happened before and after the classifie

5、d. One is in a traffic accident take safety measures, especially before immediately will produce risk condition, drivers manipulate the steering wheel avoid or emergency brake to avoid traffic accidents. In the car, drive in usually to ensure the basic manipulation stability, drivers on the surround

6、ing environment and to ensure the visual recognition sex drive the car itself, developed the basic performance ant-lock braking system (ABS), prevent slippery drive system (ASR), active suspension, power steering and four-wheel drive (4WD), four-wheel steering (4WS), lighting system, wiper, the rear

7、view mirror, prevent from rear-end collision car alarm system and laser radar, etc. These security devices and technology, called active safety system, can also be called preventive 河北工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)security system. On the other hand, in order to reduce traffic accidents and company by personnel directly s

8、uffer degree, ensure company take staff and pedestria n safety, says the security for passive safety, can also be called con flict safety. When after the accident, in order to prevent disasters, including prevent the expansion of fire and make crew from traffic accident can extricate the security de

9、vices and systems, called preve nt disaster expa nd security system.One. Automobile active security tech no logy1. ABS braki ng systemAnt-lock Braking System (Braking System, lock do by ABS computers as ABS), hydraulic device, the wheel speed sen sors, brake hydraulic pipeli ne and electrical wiring

10、 etc. Their structures are show n below.ABS tasseledfor the car in various driving conditions braking performance and brake safety particularly importa nt, especially is emerge ncy brak ing, can make full use of the peak between tire and road surface adhesion properties, improve performa nce and red

11、uce automobile fight sideslip brak ing dista nce, give full play to the braki ng performa nce, but also in crease the automobile brak ing process con trol. So as to reduce the possibility of car accide nts.No in stallati on ABS car, if the driv ing force trample brake pedal, wheel will rapidly lower

12、 speed, and fin ally wheels stop tur ning, but body because of in ertia rema ins forward slidi ng. This phe nomenon was at the wheel and paveme nt occur between larger slip, appear this kind of situation, the car tires of automobile lateral spreads almost disappear, so poor force will appear the fol

13、lowing phe nomena:(1) Steeri ng stability fall: the steeri ng wheel is in effective, vehicle tail manipulation of curl, serious when vehicle circles or appear folding phenomenon;(2) Handling fall: manipulate the steering wheel and short of steering requireme nts;(3) Braki ng dista nce exte nded: mor

14、e tha n gen eral brak ing dista nce.So, we can imagi ne to have in stalled ABS system of the car safety is very importa nt.2. the ASR drive torque control systemABS are used to prevent car braking process wheel lock, will wheel sliding rate control in ideal range, so as to shorten the braking distan

15、ee, improve automobile brak ing directi on stability and steeri ng con trol, so as to improve the safety of the car. Alo ng with the in crease of vehicle performa nce requireme nts, not only in braking process required to prevent wheel lock, and asked the driver to preve nt drive roller skati ng tur

16、n in the process, maki ng cars in the directi on stability, driv ing process steeri ng con trol ability and accelerati on performa nce, so are improved by the car drive torque steering system ASR (Accelerations Regulation) Slip. ASR is the perfect complement and ABS ASR, but most alone is set with A

17、BS comb ined together, com mon ly used ABS/ASR says, called an tiskid con trol system.ASR is mainly used to preve nt car in the begi nning, accelerate the wheels, guarantee slip in the car accelerated rate and improve the stability in bad pavement drive attached conditions. It makes no difference sp

18、eed in the car lock ice roads and muddy road started and to improve its capacity, also can preve nt high in speed by tur ning cars glid ing paveme nt and rear lateral spreads phe nomenon.Anyhow, prevent the wheel because ASR slip, can maximize the engine driv ing mome nt of cars had eno ugh, en sure

19、 the Ion gitud inal force, lateral force and manipulation of power, make cars in starting, steering and accelerate the process, in gliding and muddy road, in a mountain area downhill process can steadily driving, guarantees the safety, reducing tire wear and fuel consumption, and improves the car dr

20、iving capability.3. VDC systemABS/ASR system successfully solves the brake and the car when driven directi on stability problem, but cannot solve the vehicle steeri ng stability problem driv ing directi on. For example whe n steeri ng road, in evitably by lateral and Ion gitud inal force, only local

21、 surface can provide full lateral and Ion gitud inal force, the pilot can control vehicles. If the ground adhesion ability lower lateral, will damage cars driv ing ability predeterm ined directi on. Rainy days cars driv ing, often high-speed steering lateral sliding out, it is the ground becauseof i

22、nsufficient lateral adhesion ability. To resolve the issue, and developed countries automobile in dustry rece ntly in ABS/ASR system on the basis of the developme nt of dyn amic Con trol system (into car Dyn amics Con trol, the abbreviati on VDC Vehicle). The system of the car brake, driving, suspen

23、sion,steering, engine and so on various main assembly control system in function, structure organic ground comprehensive together, can make cars in all kinds of bad working conditions, such as ice road paveme nt, commut ing, river bend paveme nt and took evasive acti on moving line, braking and acce

24、leration and the downhill for different conditions, such as bearing, differe nt type pressure and differe nt levels of type wear all have good directi on stability, to show the best driving performanee. VDC applications, in braking, acceleration and steering aspectsof drivers fully released request,

25、 is the car of active safety driv ing a new milest one.VDC of steering control system is mainly by driving for each wheel brake control and engine power output control to realize. For example, if the car turn left front wheel for steeri ng the in adequate capacity tend to slip out of the corner, VDC

26、 system can measure imminent, just know lateral spreads left rear brake adopt appropriate measures. If at the same corner, because rear wheel tend to slip out of favor of lateral overmuch, VDC system is proper braking to front-right wheel failure, maintain the stability of the vehicle driving. In ex

27、treme cases, VDC system can also take reduce engine to reduce the power output, and to reduce the speed of the dema nd side adhesi on ability to mai nta in the stability of the vehicle driv ing. Adopt VDC system, automobile in folio paveme nt or corner of paveme nt brak ing dista nee still can furth

28、er reduce.4. CCS cars cruise con trol systemAuto cruise Con trol System (Cruiser Con trol System, abbreviati on for CCS) is can make automobile work in engine favorable speed range, reduce drivers driving manipulate labor intensity, improve the driving comfort the automatic dri ving device.Car cruis

29、ing system (CCS) role is required by the driver: after a no rmally-closed switch, no speed on the accelerator pedal can automatically keep the speed, make the vehicle with the fixed speed. Using this device, when on the highway after a long time, the driver driving not have to control the accelerato

30、r pedal, reduce fatigue, while reduc ing unn ecessary speed cha nge, can reduce save fuel.Auto cruise control system is the earliest development of the automotive electronic control system. This system USES another speed sensor, will speed sig nal in put engine con trol microcomputer, by microcomput

31、er con trol vacuum system work. This system can make use of the server, speed con trol switch lever and brake pedal on vacuum lift switches etc, its function and basic system the same.In this system, electronic control device can accord change of driving resista nee, automatic regulati on engine thr

32、ottle An gle, make the speed con sta nt. Such not only reduce unn ecessary speed cha nge, which saves fuel, also reduced the drivers burden. The electronic cruise control system which is shown in figure 2.Two. Automobile passive safety tech no logy1. Seat beltCar seat belt is a safety device, it can

33、 in car collisi on or sharp tur n, make crew to keep its original position as possible without mobile and rotation, avoid collision with in-car hard parts caused damage. Seat belts and airbags, as modern cars are safety devices, but the long history of the former, popularize the scope.The seem in gl

34、y simple seat belt actually no t simple. Atte nti on has bee n at the forefront of traffic safety, through the analysis of general motors after a car accide nt found: seat belt not only makes people protect the lives, can be in more than half of the accident to reduce or even eliminate drivers, moto

35、rists are the cha nee of injury. Car collisi on or un expected emerge ncy brak ing force gen erated great inertia, will allow the driver and passengerand car windscreen, steering wheel, seat, collisi on happe ned objects such as sec on dary to drive is caused extremely easily crew serious damage, ev

36、e n drive occupa nt seats or threw the apex, seat belts can will ride in the seat. Bondage personnel When has the accident, which can effectively prevent the collision, and its buffer role can absorbs a great deal of kinetic energy, reduce rides personnel extent of the injuries.Fasten your seat belt

37、 airbags play our role is also an important condition. Because the airbag to maximize role for the ride in the impact of the physical location, sitting instant action have extremely strict and the requirements. Otherwise, the airbag started stro ng in sta ntan eous wallops to head are fragile site,

38、may cause serious damage, especially for childre n, this damage can be fatal. Eve n the most ordinary three belts, try a can timely in crash that lived rides the bundle, en sure the upper part of a ride in the airbag fully exte nded ran ge, make the airbag most effectively play efficacy. Accord in g

39、ly, must not because the car is equipped with airbags and feel carefree seat belt fastened, only to reduce or eliminate the traffic accide nt happe n.2. The airbagWhen the front collision happened strong, because inertia, who rides the body forward fast moving, then seat belts and will try to pull r

40、ides on person the body, absorb some of the impact energy, while the airbag with the eyepiece trend inflatable and completely open; Then the rides the upper body will sink to airbags, gas also began from the vent air uniform escaping, and absorbed most of the impact energy; Subsequently, the ride ba

41、ck seat and return to the body. Above the whole process is almost always happe nsin a flash, who rides the completely in passive situation, in this case, the passive rely on auxiliary occupant protection system is the only optio n. Airbags developme nt desig n is based on the protecti on on seat bel

42、t Co., LTD; they cooperate with each other to ride the play the auxiliary protective effect.Seat belt usage in un der the con diti on of the crew, ballo on help reduce chest, head and facial injuries in the seriousnessof the collision. When car collision happened before, the first is the car to stop

43、 motion, car under the action of inertial force crews to go forward with the original speed still sport. Not wearing a seatbelt crews will and steering dish, front windscreen together, so it can be severely hurt; Weari ng a seatbelt as car stop the crew can stop moving forward moveme nt and graduall

44、y. If collision violent, crew forward movement of the seat belts, even faster in the complete stop before motion, still and in-car things together. If this fashion in steering the disk or within the popup balloon inflated dash, it can protect the occupa nt reduce the possibility of car together with

45、 thin gs, more uni form dispersion head, chest, absorb the impact energy of movement, thus crew has added effect of seat belts.In additi on to seat belts and airbags outside car passive safety tech no logy includes car bumper, automobile safety glass, security body, occupant head and neck protection

46、 system (WHIPS), etc. These vehicles to improve the safety performa nee has very importa nt con tributi onThree. Automobile active safety new tech no logy1. Eye Car skillsEye Car tech no logy can make each driver eyes in the same relative height, guarantee of pavement and the surrounding a six-lane

47、unimpeded sight and best visibility. This tech no logy can also offer a specific driv ing en vironment.Eye Car through the use of first-class motor mobile automatic will differe nt figure drivers eyes tuned to the same height to solve the problem, meanwhile, visibility of steering dish, brake and ac

48、celerate pedals and floor and the central adjustme nt to con stitute con sole to their respective driv ing con diti ons. Mea nwhile to the former pillar design, will it again from drivers sights removed. Because the bus driver received the most crucial in formatio n gen erally have 90% from outside,

49、 acquired through the eyes observe. So, this improveme nt for vehicle safety is of great sig nifica nee.2. Cam Car tech no logyCam Car tech no logy aims to help improve the driver of percepti on. The tech ni cal features are:(1) In stalled in the car to camera system on both sides before to make dri

50、vers can bypass the large vehicle beh ind a car or see ahead of pedestria ns. In a typical driving situation in the crowded traffic, the pilot of the centre-left cornering could more easily view the opposite of vehicles.(2) Side after buy video camera provides broader visual profile of vision. The c

51、amera coverage than traditional rearview mirror wants wide, especially for the adjace nt driveway.(3) In stalled in a car, the four min iatures sectored form to decorate after a camera can obtain the car panoramic perspective. Image via electronic synthesis, has the zoom and 160 wide-angle ability.(

52、4) night eye (Night Eye) camera can be in low illumination conditions, whe n the car is in reverse gear, eve n in a dark cases can also provide car close range after small images.Four. Automobile passive safety new tech no logy1. Future airbags(1) It cans inflatable screen system. This is a new safe

53、ty design; its basic pr in ciple is to protect in-car occupa nts head, whe n that happe ns it will carry on the air, air after the tent shape is swelling.(2) Tubular inflatable structure head air sac. This system for supplement curre nt side protecti on system, still stopover in protect ing the ches

54、t and abdome n, brachial min istry, to head protecti on were in sufficie nt. It with rigid body structure, the door body protective just beams, side air sac, can form a complete side safe defend net, this will be the future security protection trend.(3) Head support system. Head support system gen e

55、rally called the headrest, vehicles which the headrest, with seats, not just for comfortable fact is more important to safety. Vehicle if in an emergency brake, the body will have strong to and fro, because the prin ciple of in ertia occupa nt body swinging, especially n eck must follow. If no head

56、support buffer headrest, neck injury caused by damage is very surpris ing.(4) The exter nal airbags.2. Adaptive con stra int tech no logy system (ARTS)New adaptive con stra int tech no logy system (ARTS) use a series of sen sors to monitor the driver seat, seat belt use, in front of the occupant tak

57、e quality and locati on and inten sity of the collisi on of the collisi ons and collisio n force directi on, then according to the specific information such as the collision of each front airbag characteristics of the crew on regulated. The system can further reduce due to improper airbag for crew o

58、n the damage, especially for smaller front row figure crew.3. Automobile en ergy-absorb ing directi on colu mnAuto absorb ing in automobile directi on tub ing through collisi ons of redistribution to steering wheel wallop, would wallop path to deliver shunt quickly, making the minimum of load on the

59、 steering wheel. The steering column by hollow tubes and steering bearings form. Traditional hollow tubes and the steering column steering bearings is integral, steering shaft top and steering connections, the conn ect ing with directi on below. And suck can directi on stri ng of characteristic is will the steering column in two, divided into unblock steering column and the steeri ng colu mn un der two parts; In side of the steeri ng shaft also divided into