1、重型燃氣輪機燃氣規范TABLETABLE OFOF CONTENTSCONTENTS 目 錄I.I.INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION簡介 .II.II.FUELFUEL GASGAS CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION燃氣分類 .A. Natural Gas, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) And Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)天然氣，液化天然氣和液化石油氣B. Gasification Fuels氣化燃料 .C. Process Gases過程氣體 .III.III.FUELFUEL PROPERTI

2、ESPROPERTIES 燃料特性 .A. Heating Values熱值 .B. Modified Wobbe Index (MWI) 修正瓦伯指數 .C. Superheat Requirement 過熱度要求 .D. Hydrocarbon Dew Point 烴的露點 .E. Moisture Dew Point 濕氣的露點 .F. Flammability Ratio可燃率 .G. Gas Constituent Limits 氣體成分限額 .H. Gas Fuel Supply Pressure 氣體燃料供應壓力 .IV.IV.CONTAMINANTSCONTAMINANTS污染

3、物 .A. Particulates微粒.B. Liquids 液體 .C. Sulfur硫 .D. Trace Metals 微量金屬 .V.V.SOURCESSOURCES OFOF CONTAMINANTSCONTAMINANTS污染物的來源 .A.A. Particulates 微粒.B.B. Liquids 液體 .C.C. Sulfur硫 .D.D. Trace Metals 微量金屬 E.E. Air 空氣 .F.F. Steam 蒸汽 .G.G. Water水 .H.H. Fuel 燃料 .APPENDIXAPPENDIX 附 錄Appendix 1 Appendix Defi

4、nitions 附錄 1 附加定義 .Appendix 2 Particle Size Limitations 附錄2 微粒尺寸限額 .Appendix 3 Equivalent Contaminant Relationships (all machines except FB, H-Class)附錄3 等價的污染物關系(除 FB，H級外的所有燃機) . . . Appendix 4 Minimum Gas Fuel Temperature Reqirement Calculations 附錄4 氣體燃料最低溫度要求計算 Appendix 5 Related Specification Doc

5、uments 附錄5 有關規范文獻 LISTLIST OFOF TABLESTABLES 列表Table 1. Fuel Gas Classification 表1.燃氣分類 Table 2a. Gas Fuel Specification 表 2a. 氣體燃料規范 .Table 2b.Gas Fuel Contaminant Levels表 2b. 氣體燃料污染等級 .Table 3. Test Methods for Gaseous Fuels 表3. 氣態燃料的測試方法 .LISTLIST OFOF FIGUREFIGURE 列圖 Figure 1. Hydrogen and Moist

6、ure Superheat Requirements 圖1. .氫氣和濕氣過熱要求 Figure 2. Moisture Dew Point as a Function of Concentration and Gas Pressure for a Typical Natural Gas Fuel圖2. 濕氣的露點典型天然氣燃料的濃度和壓力函數 .I.I.INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION 簡介General Electric heavy-duty gas turbines have the ability to burn a wide classification of gas

7、eous fuels as shown in Table 1. The properties of these gases can vary significantly due to the relative concentrations of the reactant and inert constituents. In order to protect the gas turbine and to burn these fuels in an efficient and trouble free manner, allowable ranges are defined in this sp

8、ecification for physical properties, constituents and contaminants.GE重型燃氣輪機能夠燃燒種類廣泛的氣體燃料，如表1所示。這些氣體燃料的特性由于相應的反應物和惰性成分的濃度不同而變化非常之大。為了保護燃氣輪機， 高效且無故 障地燃燒這些燃料，本規范對其物理特性、成分及污染物劃定了許用范圍，Table 2a specifies the allowable limits for the fuel properties and constituents and Table 2b lists the limitation on con

9、taminants. These tables provide a screen for fuels that are acceptable for all frame sizes and combustor types. Fuels that fall outside of these limits may be acceptable for specific applications e.g. a high hydrogen fuel can be used with standard combustors in most cases. Contact GE for further eva

10、luation of these fuels. 表2a規定了這些燃料特性的許用限額，表 2b列舉對污染物的限額。這些表將所有結構尺寸和燃燒器類型都適用的燃料都展示出來了。超出這些限額的燃料可以用在特定的場 合，例如在大多數情況下，含氫量高的燃料可以結合標準的燃燒器使用。這些燃料更詳 細的評價可以聯系 GE獲得。Table 3 identifies the acceptable test methods to be used for determining gas fuel properties shown in Tables 2a and 2b.表3區別了確定表 2a和表2b中所列氣體燃料特性

11、采用的測試方法。TABLETABLE 1 1表1 1FUELFUEL GASGAS CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION 氣體燃料分類FUELFUEL 燃料LHVLHV Btu/scftBtu/scft 低位發熱量 DIWEI IWEIMAJORMAJOR COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS 主要成分 Natural Gas and Liquefied Natural Gas 天然氣和液化天然氣Liquefied Petroleum Gas液化石油氣Gasification Gases氣化氣-Air Blown 鼓風氣化-Oxygen Blown吹氧氣化Process

12、 Gases處理氣 處理800-2002300-3200100-150200-400300-1000 Methane甲烷Propane, Butane丙烷，丁烷Carbon Monoxide, 一氧化碳Hydrogen, Nitrogen, WaterVapor氫氣,氮氣,水蒸氣Carbon Monoxide,Hydrogen, Water Vaporr一氧化碳，氫氣 ,水蒸氣Methane, Hydrogen, 甲烷,氫氣Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 一氧化碳 ,二氧化碳TABLETABLE 2a2a 表2a2aGASGAS FUELFUEL SPECIFI

13、CATIONSPECIFICATION(see notes 1 and 2)氣體燃料規范 (見注釋 1和2)FUELFUEL PROPERTIESPROPERTIES 燃料特性MAXMAX 最大MINMIN 最小NOTESNOTES 注釋Gas Fuel Pressure 氣體燃料壓力Varies with unit and combustor type 隨機組和燃 燒器類型變 化Varies with unit and combustor type 隨機組和燃 燒器類型變 化See note 3見注釋 3Gas Fuel Temperature, F 氣體燃料溫度 , Fsee note 4

14、 見注釋 4Varies with gas pressure 隨氣體壓力 變化See note 4見注釋 4Lower Heating Value, Btu/scft 低位發熱量，英熱單位 /標準平 方英尺None沒有100-300See note 5見注釋 5 Modified Wobbe Index (MWI)修正瓦伯指數 (MWI)See note 6見注釋 6- Absolute Limits 絕對限額5440See note 7見注釋 7- Range Within Limits 限額范圍+5%-5%See note 8見注釋 8內的變化Flammability Ratio 可燃率

15、可燃率See Note 92.2:1 Rich:Lean Fuel/Air見注釋 9Ratio volume basis.富:貧燃料 /空氣比例容積單位See Note 10見注釋 10Constituent Limits, mole %成分限額 ,摩爾%Methane 甲烷 甲烷100 85% of reactant speciesEthane 乙烷 15 0 % of reactant speciesPropane 丙烷15 0% of reactant speciesButane + higher paraffins (C4+)50% of reactant species丁烷+更高鏈烷

16、烴 (C4+)反應物種類的 %Hydrogen 氫Trace微量0反 % of reactant speciesCarbon Monoxide 一氧化碳 Trace微量0% of reactant speciesOxygen 氧 Trace微量0% of reactant speciesTotal Inerts (N2+CO2+Ar)150% of total (reactants +合計惰性氣體inerts).合計 %(反應物+惰性氣體 )Aromatics (Benzene, TolueneReport 報告0See Note 11見注釋 11etc.)芳香烴 (苯,甲苯等 )Sulfur

17、 硫 硫Report報告0See Note 12見注釋 12TableTable 2b2b 表2b2bAllowableAllowable GasGas FuelFuel ContaminantContaminant LevelsLevels 許用氣體燃料污染物水平Turbine Inlet Limit, 透平入口限額Xe ppbw 等價濃度，十億分之Fuel Equivalent Limit, XFe, See notes 13 燃料等價限額，等價污染物濃度， 見注釋 13ppmw百萬分之Machine Model 燃機型號Machine Model 燃機型號Trace MetalsMS30

18、00MS5000FB, H-CLASSMS3000 MS5000B, E and F-ClassFB, H-ClassTurbine inlet flow/fuel flow (E/F) 透平入口流 量/燃料流量微量金屬B, E and F-ClassFB，H級50124The limits for Pb, V, Ca, Mg for FB, H Class machines are identical to the limits for otherL1.00.240.080machines.Lead (Pb)鉛2020FB， H級燃機的V1040鉛、釩、鈣、鎂的Vanad

19、ium (V) 釩限額與其他燃機C40402.0.480.160的限額相同Calcium (Ca) 鈣M40402.0.480.160Magnesium (Mg) 鎂Sodium+Potassium see Note 14 鈉 + 鉀見注釋 14(Na/K)=282031.00.24.080For Alkali metal(Na/K)=340limits (Na and K)(Na/K)= 300 F) there is a possibility of gum formation if excess aromatics are present. Contact GE f

20、or further information.為提高熱效率而加熱燃料時(例如，燃氣溫度 Tgas 300 F)如果出現過剩的芳烴，就可 能形成膠狀。進一步的資料可以聯系 GE獲得。12. The quantity of sulfur in gas fuels not limited by this specification. Experience has shown that fuel sulfur levels up to 1% by volume do not significantly affect oxidation/corrosion rates.Hot corrosion of

21、hot gas path parts is controlled by the specified trace metal limits. Sulfur levels shall be considered when addressing HRSG Corrosion, Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Deposition, Exhaust Emissions, System Material Requirements, Elemental Sulfur Deposition and Iron Sulfide. (refer to Section IV

22、D) 本規范沒有對氣體燃料中硫的數量加以限制。經驗表明燃料中硫的體積含量水平達到 1%時對氧化腐蝕率影響也并不大。熱燃氣通道部件的熱腐蝕是通過規定微量金屬的限 額來控制的。 當提及余熱鍋爐腐蝕、 選擇性催化還原沉淀物、 排氣釋放、 系統材料要求、 硫單質沉淀和硫化鐵時應考慮含硫水平。 (參見 IV D 部分)13. The contamination limits identified represent the total allowable limit at the inlet to the turbine section. These limits will be reduced if

23、comparable contaminants are present in the compressor inlet air and combustion steam/water injection. Consult with GE for limits for specific applications.確定的污染物限額代表了透平段入口處的總許用限額。 如果出現在壓氣機入口空氣中和 燃燒室汽 /水噴射中的污染物差不多， 那么這些限額要降低。 具體應用限額可與 GE協商。14. Sodium and potassium, from salt water, are the only corro

24、sive trace metal contaminants normally found in natural gases. Na/K =28 is nominal sea salt ratio. Other trace metal contaminants may be found in Gasification and Process Gases. GE will review these on a case-by-case basis. 鹽水中來的鈉和鉀是天然氣中常見的僅有的腐蝕性微量金屬污染物。 Na/K =28 是標定的海鹽比例。在氣化和氣體處理時也許會發現其他微量金屬污染物。 GE

25、會逐一加以審查。15. The fuel gas delivery system shall be designed to prevent the generation or the admittance of solid particulate to the gas turbine gas fuel system. This shall include but not be limited to particulate filtration and non-corrosive (i.e. stainless steel) piping from the particulate filtrat

26、ion to the inlet of the gas turbine equipment. Fuel gas piping systems shall be properly cleaned/flushed and maintained prior to gas turbine operation. (See section IV A) 燃氣輸送系統設計用來防止微粒生成或進入燃氣輪機氣體燃料系統。 這包括但不局限于 從微粒過濾器到燃氣輪機設備入口的微粒過濾器和無腐蝕(例如：不銹鋼)管道。燃氣 輪機運行前，燃氣管道系統要正確清掃、沖刷和維護。 (見IV A部分)16. The fuel gas

27、 supply shall be 100% free of liquids. Admission of liquids can result in combustion and/or hot gas path component damage. (See section III C) 燃氣供應絕不能有一點液體。液體的進入會造成燃燒室和熱燃氣通道組件的損害。 (見 III C部分)TABLETABLE 3 3 表 3 3TESTTEST METHODSMETHODS FORFOR GASEOUSGASEOUS FUELSFUELS氣化燃料的測試方法PROPERTYPROPERTY 特性 特性 M

28、ETHODMETHOD 方法 Gas Sampling Procedure 氣體取樣過程Gas Composition to C6+ (gas chromatography) 氣體成分到 C6+ (氣體色譜法)Extended Gas Composition to C14 擴展氣體成分到 C14Heating Value 熱值Specific Gravity 比重Compressibility Factor 壓縮系數Dew Point (see Test Method note 1) 露點(見測試方法注釋 1)Sulfur (see Test Method note 2) 硫(見測試方法注釋

29、2)GPA 2166(3)ASTM D 1945GPA 2286(4)ASTM D 3588ASTM D 3588ASTM D 3588ASTM D 1142ASTM D 3246TestTest MethodMethod Notes:Notes: 測試方法注釋 A.A. 測試方法注釋1. Hydrocarbon and water dew points shall be determined by direct dew point measurement (Chilled Mirror Device). If dew point cannot be measured, an extended

30、 gas analysis, which identifies hydrocarbon components from C1 through C14, shall be performed. This analysis must provide an accuracy of greater than 10 ppmv. A standard gas analysis to C6+ is normally not acceptable for dew point calculation unless it is known that heavier hydrocarbons are not pre

31、sent, as is most often the case with liquefied natural gases. 烴和水的露點應由露點測量器(冷鏡裝置)直接測定。如果露點無法測量，就需要進行 進一步的氣體分析，將烴成分從C1到 C14中鑒別出來。這種分析的精度必須要超過10ppmv。一般不采用對 C6+進行標準的氣體分析，除非知道沒有重烴，大多數液化天然 氣大都是這種情況。2. This test method will not detect the presence of condensable sulfur vapor. Specialized filtration equipm

32、ent is required to measure sulfur at concentrations present in vapor form. Contact GE for more information. 本測試方法檢測無法檢測到濃縮的硫蒸氣。必須采用專門的過濾設備去測量氣態濃縮 硫。詳細資料可聯系 GE獲得。II.II. FUELFUEL GASGAS CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION 燃氣分類A.A. NaturalNatural Gas,Gas, LiquefiedLiquefied NaturalNatural GasGas (LNG)(LNG) An

33、dAnd LiquefiedLiquefied PetroleumPetroleum GasGas (LPG)(LPG)10天然氣，液化天然氣和液化石油氣Natural gases are predominantly methane with much smaller quantities of the slightly heavier hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane and butane. Liquefied petroleum gas is propane and/or butane with traces of heavier hydrocarb

34、ons. 天然氣主要組成是甲烷以及極少量的輕烴如乙烷、 丙烷和丁烷。液化石油氣是丙烷和丁 烷以及極少數的重烴。1. Natural Gas 天然氣Natural gases normally fall within the calorific heating value range of 800 to 1200 Btu per standard cubic foot. Actual calorific heating values are dependent on the percentages of hydrocarbons and inert gases contained in the

35、gas. Natural gases are found in and extracted from underground reservoirs. These “rawg ases ”m ay contain varying degrees of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and contain contaminants such as salt water, sand and dirt. Processing by the gas supplier normally reduces and/or removes these co

36、nstituents and contaminants prior to distribution. A gas analysis must be performed to ensure that the fuel supply to the gas turbine meets the requirements of this specification. 天然氣的熱值一般會在 800到1200英熱單位 /標準立方英尺之間變動。實際的熱值取決于 氣體中烴和惰性氣體的百分含量。天然氣存在于地下水庫中并從中引出。這些原氣也許 含有各種程度的氮氣、二氧化碳、硫化氫，并含有鹽水、沙塵等污染物。天然氣供

37、應商 在輸送前的處理通常是降低或除去這些成分和污染物。 為了確保去燃氣輪機的燃料滿足 本規范的要求，必須作氣體分析。2. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 液化天然氣Liquefied natural gas is produced by drying, compressing, cooling and expanding natural gas to approximately -260 F at 14.7 psia. The product is transported as a liquid and delivered as a gas after pressuri

38、zing and heating to ambient temperature. The composition is free of inerts and moisture and can be treated as a high quality natural gas. LNG can pick up moisture that is present in the pipeline but it is not a source of the moisture. 液化天然氣經對天然氣進行干燥、壓縮、冷卻和膨脹到 -260 F，14.7 psia而成。該產品 以液態形式運輸，在加壓并加熱到大氣

39、溫度后可以以氣態形式輸送。成分中不含惰性氣 體和濕氣，可看作是優質天然氣。液化天然氣可以收集管路中的濕氣，但并非濕源。The hydrocarbon dew point is typically less than -10 F at 500 psia but, depending on the processing steps and tankage size, the dew point may increase if the boil off is continuously extracted between deliveries. Cooling and recompression of

40、 the boil off will avoid this potential problem. The expected range in component concentrations should be obtained from the gas supplier to determine the potential change in dew point.烴的露點在 500 psia時一般是低于 -10 F的，但是，根據處理步驟和儲存容器的大小，如 果在交付之間抽取蒸發物，那么露點會有所提高。對蒸發物進行冷卻、再壓縮可以避免 這種隱患。應該從燃氣供應商處獲取成分濃度的期望變化范圍，

41、以便測定露點的潛在變 化量。3. Liquefied Petroleum Gases液化石油氣11The heating values of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPGs) normally fall between 2300 and 3200 Btu/ scft (LHV). Based on their high commercial value, these fuels are normally utilized as a back-up fuel to the primary gas fuel for gas turbines. Since LPGs

42、are normally stored in a liquid state, it is critical that the vaporization process and gas supply system maintains the fuel at a temperature above the minimum required superheat value. Fuel heating and heat tracing are required to meet these requirements.液化石油氣的熱值正常在 2300到 3200英熱單位 /標準立方英尺(低位發熱量)之間變

43、動。 由于這些燃料的較高的商業價值， 它們一般是作為燃氣輪機主要氣體燃料以外的備用燃 料。由于液化石油氣一般是以液態儲存的，因此對汽化的處理和使氣體供應系統維持燃 料溫度在最低過熱度以上是尤為重要的。 為滿足這些要求， 需要對燃料加熱并加以跟蹤。B.B. GasificationGasification FuelsFuels 氣化燃料Gasification fuels are produced by either an oxygen blown or air blown gasification process and are formed using coal, petroleum cok

44、e or heavy liquids as a feedstock. In general, the heating values of gasification fuel are substantially lower than other fuel gases. The reduced heating value of gasification fuels result in the effective areas of the fuel nozzles being larger than those utilized for natural gas fuels. 氣化燃料經吹氧氣化氣化或

45、鼓風氣化處理而成，且用煤、 石油焦碳或重油作為給料生成 的。總之，氣化燃料的熱值比起其他燃氣要低很多。氣化燃料熱值的降低導致了燃料噴 嘴的有效面積要比燒天然氣的噴嘴大。1. Oxygen Blown Gasification 吹氧氣化The heating values of gases produced by oxygen blown gasification fall in the range of 200 to 400 Btu/scft. The hydrogen (H 2) content of these fuels are normally above 30% by volume

46、and have H2/CO mole ratio between 0.5 to 0.8. Oxygen blown gasification fuels are often mixed with steam for thermal NOx control, cycle efficiency improvement and/or power augmentation. When utilized,the steam is injected into the combustor by an independent passage. Due to the high hydrogen content

47、 of these fuels, oxygen blown gasification fuels are normally not suitable for Dry Low No x (DLN) applications (see Table 2a). The high flame speeds resulting from high hydrogen fuels can result in flashback or primary zone re-ignition on DLN pre-mixed combustion systems. Utilization of these fuels

48、requires evaluation by GE.吹氧氣化氣化的燃氣的熱值在 200到 400英熱單位 /標準立方英尺中變動。這些燃料中氫 氣的容積含量一般超過 30%，H2/CO的摩爾比在 0.5到 0.8之間。吹氧氣化氣化燃料經常混 入蒸汽用以控制熱氮氧化物、提高循環效率和增加功率。由于這些燃料中氫含量很高， 干式低氮氧化物燃燒器( DLN )就不適宜使用吹氧氣化氣化的燃料(見表 2a)。含氫量 高的燃料的火焰速度快， 會引起回火或使 DLN 預混合燃燒系統的主要區域重新點火。 使 用這些燃料時需要由 GE來評估。2. Air Blown Gasification 鼓風氣化Gases p

49、roduced by air blown gasification normally have heating values between 100 and 150 Btu/scft. The H2 content of these fuels can range from 8% to 20% by volume and have a H2/CO mole ratio 0.3 to 3:1. The use and treatment of these fuels is similar to that identified12 for oxygen blown gasification. 鼓風

50、氣化的燃氣的熱值一般在 100到 150英熱單位 /標準立方英尺之間。這些燃料中 H2的 容積含量在 8%到 20%之間變化， H2/CO的摩爾比在 0.3到3:1。這些燃料的使用和處理與 吹氧氣化氣化中確定的相似。Gasification fuels provide a significant fraction of the total turbine mass flow rate. With oxygen blown fuels the diluent addition (typically nitrogen) also assists with NOx control. Careful

51、integration of the gas turbine with the gasification plant is required to assure an operable system. Due to the low volumetric heating value of both oxygen an air blown gases, a special fuel system and fuel nozzles are required. 氣化燃料提供了一個重要的分數即整個透平的質量流速。 使用吹氧氣化燃料后加入的添 加物(常見為氮)也會有助于控制氮氧化物。為確保系統可操作，需要

52、對燃氣輪機和氣 化車間進行仔細整合。 由于氧氣和鼓風氣化的氣體容積熱值都很低，因此需要有專門的 燃料系統和專用的燃料噴嘴。C.C. ProcessProcess GasesGases 過程氣體Many chemical processes generate surplus gases that may be utilized as fuel for gas turbines. (e.g. tail or refinery gases). These gases often consist of methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dio

53、xide that are normally byproducts of petrochemical processes. The hydrogen and carbon monoxide content, these fuels result in a high rich-to-lean flammability limit . These types of fuels often require inerting and purging of the gas turbine gas fuel system upon unit shutdown or a transfer to more a

54、 more conventional fuel. When process gas fuels have extreme flammability limits such that the fuel will auto ignite at turbine exhaust conditions, a more “ conventional ”-up s ftuaertl is required. Additional process gases that are utilized as gas turbine fuels are byproducts of steel production. T

55、hese are: 許多化學過程會生成過剩氣體，這些氣體可以被燃氣輪機當作燃料使用。 (例如尾氣和 精煉氣)。這些氣體通常由甲烷、氫氣、一氧化碳和二氧化碳組成，一般是石化加工的 的副產品。氫氣和一氧化碳成分，這些燃料導致了較高的貧 /富可燃性極限 。這些類型的燃料經常需要加入惰性氣體并利用機組停運時對燃氣輪機氣體燃料系統進行清吹， 或 者更換使用一種更為常規的燃料。處理時，氣體燃料有些特別易燃的極限，會使燃料在 透平排氣室爆燃， 因此需要一種更常規的起動燃料。另外用作燃氣輪機燃料的處理燃氣 是鋼的副產品。它們是：1. Blast Furnace Gases高爐煤氣Blast Furnace G

56、ases (BFGs), alone, have heating values below the minimal allowable limits. These gases must be blended with other fuels such as coke oven gas, natural gas or hydrocarbons such as propane or butane to raise the heating value above the required lower limit. 高爐煤氣，單獨地，其熱值低于最低的許可極限。這些煤氣必須混入其他的燃料例如焦 爐煤氣，

57、天然氣或像丙烷、丁烷之類的烴，以提高熱值到所要求的較低限額之上。2. Coke Oven Gases焦爐煤氣Coke oven gases are high in hydrogen and methane and may be used as fuel for non-DLN13 combustion systems. These fuels often contain trace amounts of heavy hydrocarbons, which may lead to carbon buildup on the fuel nozzles. The heavy hydrocar bon

58、s must be “ scrubbed or removed from the fuel prior to delivery to the gas turbine.焦爐煤氣含氫和甲烷較高， 可以用作非干式低氮氧化物燃燒系統的燃料。這些燃料通常 含有少量的烴，這些烴會引起燃料噴嘴處積碳。重烴必須清洗掉或在送往燃氣輪機前從 燃料中除掉。3. COREX Gases COREX煤氣COREX gases are similar to oxygen blown gasified fuels, and may be treated as such. They are usually lower in

59、H 2 content and have heating values lower than oxygen blown gasified fuels. Further combustion related guidelines may be found in Bureau of Mines Circulars 503 (5) and 622(6).COREX煤氣與吹氧氣化燃料相似，可類似對待。它們通常H2含量較低，熱值也低于吹氧氣化燃料。在礦物局函件 503(5)和622(6)中可以找到進一步的燃燒指南。III.III.FUELFUEL PROPERTIESPROPERTIES 燃料特性A.A

60、. HeatingHeating ValuesValues 熱值The heat of combustion, heating value or calorific value of a fuel is the amount of energy generated by the complete combustion of a unit mass of fuel. The US system of measurement uses British thermal units (Btu) per pound or Btu per standard cubic foot when expresse