1、以房養老（Housing endowment）It is understood that many elderly Americans in retirement about 10 years ago to buy a house for the elderly, the remaining part of the rental, used to housing endowment. The United States government and some financial institutions also launched the housing endowment of the re

2、verse mortgage loans, objects for the elderly over 62 years of age.Americas house-for-pension scheme mainly has three forms: first, the federal government mortgage insurance down; two, the government backed down mortgage loans, such loans have a fixed term, elderly residents shall make and implement

3、 supervise housing loan plan to receive loans; three, proprietary reverse mortgage loans, generally by the financial agencies, institutions and household loans value-added share of housing revenue.After twentieth Century, Europe and the United States gradually began to aging, because of the economic

4、 strength and support many aspects of Western home form, these common state pension countermeasures is dependent on the social endowment function: in the social security system, elderly people are given independent economic capacity; in welfare facilities, service system and living environment, phys

5、iological conditions for the elderly, designed by different levels and different categories. At the same time, due to differences in policies, concepts and mode of operation, the foreign housing endowment model is easier to promote than China, and develop more mature.From outside the box. To solve o

6、ur pension difficulties, we should look at what other countries do and what they can learn from it. Perhaps it will bring us some enlightenment.Canada: more than 62 years old residential houses can be mortgaged to the bank, the loan amount in 15 thousand to $300 thousand, as long as it does not move

7、, not real, the housing property unchanged, can stay to enjoy old age, the loan of real estate fold later processing.Singapore: 60 years of age or older to mortgage the house to the public welfare institutions with a government background, the public welfare institutions or one-time payment of pensi

8、ons, the old man died when the property by these institutions disposal, surplus value (the total price minus the amount of the pension) to his successors. This model is less risky.Housing endowment is also very common. Japanese Pension industry experts, Yoko management consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd

9、. CEO Kawa Youko said in an interview with reporters, house-for-pension scheme (i.e. reverse mortgage) for more than 55 years old, this does not need to repay loans, lenders in the death house will be punished as debt funds. Japans elderly population holds half of the countrys total personal financi

10、al assets, while the market value of real estate is two times that of financial assets. If real estate can be realized, it will be a good way for elderly people to improve their quality of life. Reverse mortgage will help old people to cash in real estate and balance their retirement income.To the h

11、ousing endowment is also known as housing reverse mortgage or reverse mortgage means that the elderly will be selfProperty rights have been mortgaged or leased to the appropriate insurance company or financial institution,Its value to the house,FutureA comprehensive assessment of the added value and

12、 the loss is calculated based on the evaluation value and the average life expectancy of the elderlyAfter,Pay the cash to the insured aged monthly or yearly,Make sure that it receives a certain amount of pension or connection regularlyA form of care for elderly apartments.type three the domestic res

13、earch situation compared to foreign countries, the domestic scholars for the housing endowment mode of retirement started late. 1, the development process of the housing endowment model in China, combined with research papers and news reports in recent years, summed up the following several of our h

14、ousing endowment development has a significant impact on the practice. 2003, Chinas former chairman of the housing group Meng Xiaosu first put forward the housing endowment word, from the housing endowment concept into the eyes of the Chinese people. Since then, many scholars have studied the housin

15、g endowment model. In June 2005, Nanjing Tangshan hot spring Lingering Garden apartments for the elderly launched the first house-for-pension scheme, the property will be mortgaged to the bank, free admission to nursing homes, after the death of all property in nursing homes. Although this initiativ

16、e and to the housing endowment model is different, but has taken the housing endowment pilot in our country the first step. At the beginning of April 2005, Nanjing Tangshan Lingering Garden apartment in China to launch a / give me your house, I give you 0 pension under the banner of the housing for

17、the business, once attracted much attention. However, due to difficulties in the actual operation, which lasted two years, this attempt has died. In 2006, the CPPCC National Committee, the Ministry of construction science and technology department director Lai Ming submitted a proposal in the four s

18、ession of the ten CPPCC National Committee, described the house-for-pension scheme mode, proposed the establishment of research group to conduct research, selection of pilot city operation ripe to promote the country.Under the great pressure of the aged in our country, this mode has attracted the at

19、tention of the departments concerned. By the end of 2006, Chinas first major insurance company, housing reverse mortgage insurance, began construction, called happy life. In June 2007, the Shanghai provident fund management center launched an innovative pension model called self support for the hous

20、e, but the results were not satisfactory. During the pilot period, although many elderly people came to consult, but in the end most of the family chose to give up. October 2007, Beijings first rental housing through the provision of pension services and new pension service institutions, pension Hou

21、sing Bank officially unveiled in Shijingshan. The elderly rent their houses, reserve property rights, pay rent directly to the nursing home and enjoy the five star pension service. However, according to media reports, the project has been no one interested, because many elderly people reluctant to l

22、ive outside the house, the intermediary does not trust. At present, the project has stopped. Recently, the Beijing Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau announced the Beijing times 12th Five-Year aging development plan, put forward clearly, Beijing encourage commercial insurance companies, commercial banks

23、 and housing provident fund management department, establish public welfare agencies to carry out the house-for-pension scheme of pilot operations. 2, the domestic housing endowment modelFirst, to implement the practical significance of the housing endowment house-for-pension scheme is not only a ki

24、nd of pension mode, but also a kind of financial products, the implementation of house-for-pension scheme has great practical significance: (a) to ease the pressure of Chinas current old-age pension burden on the governments heavy pension funds gap, on the other hand, the existing the old-age securi

25、ty level is low, generally only be able to meet the basic livelihood of the elderly, if the elderly after retirement encountered diseases and other irresistible disasters, will be unable to cope with. Therefore, the housing endowment can provide a new choice for more elderly people, increase the inc

26、ome source of retirement, and to some extent slow down the current huge pressure for the elderly in china. (two) the optimization of allocation of resources and wealth for many older people, in their retirement income is very limited, but many older people have their own property, the so-called cash

27、 poor, property rich, on the other hand, due to the family structure of 4-2-1, after these old people to old age in general, their children also have their own family and property, but not with their parents living together, which caused a lot of elderly family into the empty nest family, so for the

28、 elderly people, their own property can be through participation in housing reverse mortgage loan projects realized, to obtain a and then through the income, the income to improve their later life level, and these old people can still live in their own houses, until Die. (three) improve the overall

29、consumption capacity, because our countrys current social security level is low, many people lack the necessary protection in life, and have formed the habit of saving for a long time. The savings level in our country has always been high, but the consumption is insufficient. After the implementatio

30、n of house-for-pension scheme, the elderly can get a very substantial income through their own property, one hand can make the old peoples life level has been further improved, on the other hand also can make the elderly will own more cash for consumption. (four) two market housing development to im

31、plement house-for-pension scheme, there will be more housing for sale or rental, the rental market and second-hand housing market supply increased further, which provides convenience to those who has no economic strength to buy a home in the city, so that Chinas real estate market has been two furth

32、er development and growth, so that more people have room to live. (five) active in the financial market of reverse mortgage can also provide a new way for the bank loans, the number of elderly people in China is increasing, the reverse mortgage loan scale is large, the bank is also a very attractive

33、 business. For insurance companies, the housing endowmentIs also a new insurance business, insurance companies through participation in the housing endowment can enhance the attractiveness of older groups, and moreEstablish contacts with older clients.1) Nanjing model of Lingering Garden to housing

34、endowment business. That is over sixty years old and disabled elderly people, as long as there are more than sixty square meters of the city property, it can be secured by real estate to the apartment and stay during the remission of all expenses. After the death of the elderly, property rights to a

35、ll apartments. (2) the attempt of provident fund management center to become landlord in Shanghai mode. People over the age of sixty-five as long as the market value of real estate to sell to the provident fund management center, part of the funds can be obtained for the payment of provident fund ma

36、nagement center housing rent, the remaining funds to pension. (3) Beijing model of housing for the aged bank project,More than sixty years old can request to the pension service institutions, and the property room delivery in the big Henderson, by the big Henderson free on behalf of the elderly rent

37、al, in order to earn rent. The rent is used to cover the cost of the nursing home, and the remaining rent is handled by the elderly themselves. It is emphasized that the elderly always own the property right of the house.1., the traditional concept of old-age is deep-rooted. Housing endowment model

38、is not in line with Chinas traditional pension concept. For a long time, have the traditional idea of and in China, is a kind of emotion, if the elderly housing mortgage loans to get through the rest of his life, not only psychologically difficult to accept, at the same time their children to be tha

39、t no filial, not in reason. House-for-pension scheme is popular in the United States and other countries, and to impose high inheritance tax and have a great relationship with the advanced concept of consumption, is the home as a legacy for children but the children still need to pay the amount of t

40、ax, or the old man himself in advance through the rest of life value of the house to enjoy a better life, in two, it is easy to make a choice. China is not yet the inheritance tax, in the personal awareness of the protection of private property is more and more strong today, but it is left to the so

41、il, sub Sungeng, for housing such valuable real estate, older people are more willing to be left to future generations, rather than mortgaged to the bank, insurance, etc. financial institutions. In our country, thrift is the virtue of the country, the elderly are generally more economical, and there

42、fore more difficult to adapt to advanced consumption.Policy supporting construction is relatively lagging behind. Compared with the housing mortgage system, the reverse mortgage is only in the country at the moment, the policy of supporting construction is relatively lagging behind, the lack of subs

43、tantive operations. From the current parties to try, in line with the reverse mortgage conditions of the applicant is not really required. To CITIC Banks endowment mortgage as an example, the applicant is required to have two or more housing, and mortgaged to the bank housing can not be its only sin

44、ce the housing. In fact, if you have two suites, the applicant can rent one of the suites, by collecting rent to pension, in contrast, the housing loan pension is more troublesome and no advantage. In fact, the real reverse mortgage is the only one housing, and the lack of a living source of old peo

45、ple. It is worth noting that, to the housing endowment more services to urban residents, not involving rural residents, the main reason is that the rural homestead can not mortgage, it can not carry out reverse mortgage. However, the number of rural population in China is huge, and the problem of pr

46、oviding for the aged has become increasingly prominent. Besides the land endowment, whether the rural residents are suitable for housing for the aged is also a question worth discussing. Housing for the elderly involves real estate, banking, insurance, social security and administrative management i

47、n many fields, and its promotion needs all parties to cooperate and coordinate. Foreign countries can smooth implementation of credit system and improve the financial loans, guarantees, asset evaluation agencies and personal integrity, by contrast, this country does not have the appropriate to the h

48、ousing endowment mature environment development.Through the analysis of the research on housing endowment in our country, I think:First of all, the housing endowment is an effective measure to solve the problem of aging in China. It has market demand and the outlook is bright. But after all, in our

49、country is still a new thing, this new model of pension in Chinas implementation still has many resistance, and truly realize, may need a few years or even ten years time. We should combine our present national conditions, after all, the developed countries are getting rich first and getting old, wh

50、ile our country is not rich before the old. Secondly, we can not too much to raise the housing endowment value, to the housing endowment is to solve the problem of a positive complement. And can not become the mainstream of Chinas pension system, can not afford to cope with aging and ease the nation

51、al social securityIt can only be positioned as a supplement for the aged. To solve the problem of population aging, China has to rely on a sound old-age security system, and then the housing endowment as a means of icing on the cake, not only to housing endowment.Finally, our house-for-pension schem

52、e itself in the process of operation also has a series of problems, the state should vigorously promote this new way of pension, pension concept training model; give policy support, and the establishment of supporting mechanisms to support the business development.In summary,We can also find that sc

53、holars have concentrated on the macro analysis of housing endowment in our countryThe implementation measures are less studied. Moreover, Chinas housing endowment is still in the initial stage of exploration,No theoretical research has been formedResearch system, which will be a subject that needs f

54、urther discussion.1 Zhou Zhanchao: Chinas population aging research, economic and social system comparison, 2007 first, 121st 125 pages. 2. Zhu Jinsong insurance company to carry out a feasibility analysis of reverse mortgage J. Shanghai insurance, 2008 (2): 42 - 44. 3 hole: Chinese Yu. The real est

55、ate market J a period of adjustment. The city development research, 2009 (4): 143 - 144. - 4 Chen Shanghui. Looking for real estate in the transformation of the opportunity J. City development, 2009 (10): 5253.Three, share to: paste the document to Blog, BBS or personal station, etc.: copy preview,

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