1、2014中考英語閱讀理解六大必殺技1. 講究閱讀方法(1)依據主題句定短文的中心：任意一篇文章通常是圍繞一個中心展開并且由段落組成的；段落之間有著內在的緊密聯系，而表達段落主題的句子叫主題句，通常置于段落的開頭，有時在段落末尾和中間；其它的句子是用來說明和闡述主題句的；若把一個個主題句加以整理，你能悟出其中心思想，同時還可以回避、排除個別生詞、難句(等困難信號)所帶來的干擾，但也有一些文章的中心思想常貫穿在全文中，因而要綜觀全文，對全文有一個透徹的理解才行。如：My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday eveni

2、ng. The accommodation wasnt wonderful, but we had everything we needed (beds, blankets, food )， and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air。On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group. Cameron had come along with two friends, Kevin and Simon, while sisters Carole

3、 and Lynn had come with Amanda. There were some other members I didnt know. We had come from different places and none of us knew the area。We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors, but none of us was sure exactly how. Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing

4、 and then we changed at lunchtime. Matt and I went to the caves (巖洞) first. Climbing out was harder than going in, but after a good deal of pushing, we were out at last. Though we were covered with mud, we were pleased and excited by what wed done。This passage mainly talks about _。A. the writers fri

5、ends at the Activity CenterB. the writers experience at the Activity CenterC. outdoor sports at the Activity CenterD. how to go rock-climbing and caving參考答案B 上述這段短文的中心是說明“the writers experience at the Activity Center。”。作者以及作者的朋友，還有組上的其他一些成員一起在活動中心度周末的一些活動以及感受。(2) 掌握具體事實和重要細節：閱讀文章時，要求學生養成辨認和記憶具體事實、重要

6、細節的習慣。因為具體事實、重要細節是主題句的擴展、補充、說明或例證，是用來支持和說明中心思想的，而且是閱讀理解測試的重要組成部分。如：If someone asks me: “Do you like music?” Im sure I will answer him or her: “Of course, I do?！?because I think music is an important part of our lives。Different people have different ideas about music. For me, I like rock music becaus

7、e its so exciting. And my favorite rock band, the “Foxy Ladies” (酷妹) is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. I also like pop music. My classmate LiLan loves dance music, because she enjoys dancing. My best friend, Jane, likes jazz music (爵士樂). She thinks jazz is really cool?！癐 like dance

8、music and rock very much?！?says my brother, “because they are amazing?！盉ut my mother thinks rock is boring. “I like some relaxing (輕松的) music,” she says. Thats why she likes country music, I think。The writer likes music because he thinks _。A. its an exciting part of our livesB. its an amazing part o

9、f our livesC. its an important part of our livesWhat kind of music does the writer like?A. Rock and pop music. B. Rock and dance music. C. Jazz and country music。Who likes dancing?A. The writer. B. Li Lan. C. Jane。The writers mother thinks that country music is _。A. amazing B. boring C. relaxing How

10、 many peoples ideas about music are talked about in this passage (短文)？A. 4. B. 5. C. 6.這是幾道重要事實和細節的辨認題，全是圍繞短文的主題句“Different people have different ideas about music”來展開說明的，起補充舉例作用。答案分別為 C A B C B。(3) 運用構詞法、語境線索等幫助來推測關鍵詞義：在閱讀文章的過程中，常常會遇到一些生詞，如果不懂得這些詞義就會妨礙理解，但大部分生詞的詞義是可以根據上下文，結合構詞法、借助文章中的語境線索幫助在理解基礎上猜測

11、其詞義，這有助于加快閱讀速度，提高閱讀理解能力。如：Water is all around us. Water is in the ocean. Water is in the lakes and rivers. Water is in the air. There is more water than land on the earth. All living things must have it. We must have it, too. We cannot live without drinking water. Sometimes, we do not have all the w

12、ater that we need. The land will dry up without water. Sometimes, there can be too much water in the land. If it rains very, very hard, the rain water will run down the hill. It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills. It is called erosion when the water takes the land away。“Erosi

13、on” in the passage means _。A. 地震 B. 雪崩 C. 侵蝕 D. 霜凍根據前面的語句If it rains very, very hard, the rain water will run down the hills. It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills。解釋可以推知erosion是一種自然地理現象，即“侵蝕”，答案為C。2. 訓練閱讀速度在閱讀中，我們或多或少會碰到一些生詞和不熟悉的短語，這些生詞和短語會妨礙我們對文章中心的理解，但我們總是查閱詞典也會影響閱讀的速度。為了不

14、查詞典又能破解生詞詞義，并理解好文章的中心，要求考生根據構詞法判斷詞義。如：This material is unreadable。中 unreadable是生詞。學生可以根據詞根 read ，知道 un和 able分別為前綴和后綴，那么 unreadable的意義就不難猜測了；還可以培養學生根據生詞與上下文的關系來猜測其意義。生詞所在的句子、段落會提供很多的暗示和線索，依據這些暗示和線索就可以理解生詞的詞義了。如：同義詞反義詞線索；解釋性線索；例證性線索；標點符號線索等。如：A. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yua

15、n a year。定語從句中的 looks after sheep 就解釋了 herdsman的詞義為“牧人”。B. Like her younger sister who is gregarious, Alice also likes to make friends。句首的 like(像)這個語境線索說明：句中的gregarious與 likes to make friends意義相近。通過這些方式可以幫助學生加快閱讀速度，進一步提高閱讀正確率。3. 改進閱讀方式(1)預測：培養學生依據文章標題(副標題)、插圖以及相關的背景知識和社會生活經驗，對文章的大致內容預測以及可能涉及到的詞匯，然后閱

16、讀文章的第一段，并對自己的預測進行驗證、糾正，同時抓住主題句、關鍵詞，從而更好地從整體上去理解和把握文章的中心。(2)略讀：指導學生快速瀏覽全文，領會文章大意，辨析文體，掌握篇章結構，進而抓住文章的中心。(3)查讀：指導學生在瀏覽全文的基礎上進行查讀，以回答個別事實細節性的問題。有些細節性的問題不能直接在短文中找到答案，必須進行必要的綜合、歸納、轉換才能獲得，也就是要在直接可獲得的事實和細節的基礎上經過綜合、歸納、轉換間接地獲得所需要的事實和細節。它通常涉及數據、時間、人稱、代詞的指代、動作的行為的關聯、動作行為者與承受者、地點和空間、表態方式、因果、條件、內涵與外延等。如：One day M

17、rs Wison went shopping with Tracy and Ben. They went to the supermarket in the new shopping center?！癢hy do you buy things here?” Tracy wanted to know. “Because they are cheaper here than at the corner store near our home,” Mrs. Wilson said. “Help me check the prices, please?！盩he Wilsons were not ric

18、h and Mrs. Wilson was always careful with her money. She looked carefully at the prices of things. She bought lots of things in the supermarket. When they got home, the children said, “We dont think you saved money by going to the supermarket。” “Of course I did,” Mrs. Wilson said “Everything was che

19、aper there?！薄癢e know,” the children said, “but we came home by taxi because we had too much to carry. The taxi fare was more than the money that you saved !”Mrs Wilson added everything up. Her children were right。“Well done,” she said. “Next time well do the shopping nearby。”The things at the corner

20、 store were _ than those in the supermarket。A. cheaper B. nicer C. more expensive D. Better Mrs. Wilson _ in the end。A. spent more money B. paid less moneyC. lost some money D. saved a little money這兩個問題都是細節性問題，但又不能直接從文章中得出答案，要經過分析和計算間接地獲得事實細節。選C。由 Mrs. Wilson 的話“Because they are cheaper here than at

21、 the corner store near our home. ”分析可知the things at the corner store were more expensive.選A。 Mrs. Wilson 在超級市場買的東西是便宜的，但返回時由于東西多結果打的士回家將打的士的費用攤進去就高于節省的費用了，因此可以知道：Mrs. Wilson spent more money in the end。閱讀理解在中考英語試題中，占有相當大的比例，比分比較大。而且文章題材涉及甚廣。像日常生活、人物、史地、科普常識、經濟等諸多方面。這就需要考 生不但具備一定的詞匯量和豐富扎實、正確的語言知識，而且還

22、要具備一定的自然科學、科普常識，以及外國的風土人情，歷史背景等。因此，同學們在平日復習 中，一定要加大閱讀量，閱讀的題材要廣泛。有意識培養和練就閱讀能力。在做到廣泛的同時，還要進行限時閱讀。只有這樣，才能在中考有限的時間內，準確地按 時地完成大量的閱讀題。在平日閱讀中，還要學會帶著問題讀，要學會概括文章的主旨大意。通讀全文并了解作者的寫作意圖和文章的中心思想。還要學會通過看文 章，或上句子的聯系，猜測生詞。另外，還要對文章進行合理的推斷。要按照上下文的邏輯關系，站在作者的立場上進行合理推斷。閱讀理解部分考試題型大致可分為以下幾個類型：1、主旨題主旨題主要測試學生對文章中心思想、主旨大意的理解能

23、力。在初中階段，有關這類題的常見提問方式為：What is the main idea of this passage?What ist he best title of this passage?在處理這類問題時，通常采用快讀方法，先從頭到尾把文章瀏覽一遍，因為這樣可以使注意力集中于文章的整體思路及要點之間的聯系，而較慢的閱讀會 使你過分注意細節，甚至個別詞，因而影響對主題的概括。特別要注意仔細閱讀開頭段和結尾段，因為大多數文章的中心思想都出現在這兩段里。2、細節題細節題主要測試學生識別閱讀材料中的具體事實和細節的能力。考生必須特別注意作者在陳述中談到的是何人、何事、何處、何時、何故，在有關

24、此類問題的地方作一個標記，以便在回答問題時迅速查找。3、詞義題詞義題主要是檢測學生在具體文章中，根據上下文理解某個詞或某個短語的意義的能力。遇到這類試題，可從以下三方面入手：(1)通過上下文的種種提示來準確猜出這個詞的含義。(2)一個單詞可以通過前綴、后綴、合成等形式派生出來很多單詞，因此可以根據構詞法辨認其中的詞根的含義，就可以判斷出其派生、轉化或復合詞的其他詞義。(3)如果遇到非常熟悉的詞匯，一定要盡量撇開其基本含義，注意其引申的意義。4、推斷題推斷題主要考查學生透過文章的表面文字信息，進行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。5、觀點態度題觀點態度題主要考查學生通過掌握主題思想和具體事實，對

25、作者的觀點和態度做出合理推斷的能力。如果能按照以上的技巧來答題，我想你的答案的準確率就會大大提高了。閱讀理解(一)(一)(2013，天津)My grandfather Jack is 96 years old，and he has had an interesting life.He has travelled a lot in his life in the Far East.He visited the Taj Mahal in India and the Pyramids in Egypt.He hunted (狩獵) lions in Africa，and rode a camel i

26、n the Sahara Desert.He says the most beautiful place he has travelled to is Kathmandu in Nepal.Jack has married twice.His first wife died when she was 32.He met his second wife Maria while he was cycling round France.They have been married for 50 years，and they have lived happily in a small village

27、since they got married.Jack says that he has never been ill in his life.The secret of good health，according to my grandfather，is exercise.He goes swimming every morning.He has done this since he was a boy.He also has a glass of wine every night！Perhaps that is his secret!1What kind of life has Jack

28、lived?AA short life. BAn interesting life.CA lonely life. DA poor life.2Which of the following does Jack think is the most beautiful place?AKathmandu. BThe Pyramids.CThe Sahara Desert. DTaj Mahal.3How many times has Jack married?AOnce. BTwice.CThree times. DFour times.4Where did Jack meet Maria?AIn

29、India. BIn Nepal.CIn France. DIn Egypt.5What does Jack do every night?AHe has a glass of wine. BHe goes swimming.CHe hunts lions. DHe rides a camel.(二)(2013，聊城)My name is Sam.I joined a club called “passing help”last month.Now let me tell you why I joined it.One evening this May, on my way home my o

30、ld car broke down(出故障)It was 25 miles from my home.I wanted to get a ride(搭便車), but there was no car. It was also hard to take a taxi. I decided to take a bus home.I went to a bus stop nearby.After a while, a bus came, but it did not go to my town.the bus driver was a young woman.She was kind and sh

31、e told me which bus I should take.I waited there for about thirty minutes，but no bus came.At last a car came to me and a woman came out of the car .She was just the bus driver.“When I reached the bus station，I got to know that the bus to your town couldnt come ，so I returned here.I just cant leave y

32、ou here ，”she said , “ Get in my car and I will take you back to your home.”“It is a long way.”I said.“Come on，sir, ”she said，“Lets go.”On the way，she told me a story. A few days ago，there wasnt gas(汽油)in her car. An old man drove her up to a gas station and then back to her car.When we got to my ho

33、me，I wanted to give her some money to thank her，but she didnt accept her.“I only want to help others and do something nice for somebody.Pass it along. ” she said.6What happened to Sam one evening this May?AHe lost his way.BHis car broke down. CHe was hurt in an accident.DHe couldnt reach the gas sta

34、tion.7Sam didnt think of going home_that evening.Aby train Bby bus Cby car Dby taxi8From the passage , we know that the young woman was_. Aa club boss Ba taxi driver Ca bus driver Da gas station worker9The young woman wanted Sam to _.Agive her some moneyBget on her bus Ctake her to her houseDhelp ot

35、hers just as she did10The best title (題目)of the passage is _.AA kind old man BGetting a rideCPassing help DA broken car (三)(2013，河北)“Homestay is a form of study abroad program.It allows the visitor to rent a room from a local (當地的) family to better understand the local lifestyle.It also helps to imp

36、rove the visitors language ability，”said a teacher during a school meeting last term.“Students who wish to learn more about foreign cultures or to get foreign experience should join this kind of holiday.I am sure you wont be disappointed (失望的)”After this special meeting，I always thought about this k

37、ind of holiday.Last month，I had a chance at last to go on such a holiday with some of my schoolmates and we went to London，a place where I had wanted to go since years ago.As we were still young，we had a group leader who planned things for us and looked after us.After we got to London，we went to sta

38、y with different families.I was lucky that my host family (寄宿家庭) was a white couple who had a daughter about my age.They treated me as a daughter of their family during my stay there.They were interested in me and I learnt a lot of things from them，too.The holiday was filled with activities every da

39、y.After breakfast，a local teacher would come to take us in his car.Then we would have classes or go on a sightseeing trip to different places of interest like the Big Ben，the London Bridge，and the Buckingham Palace.We would go back to our own homes after the activities.The holiday was a valuable exp

40、erience for me.I enjoyed every minute of it.Yet，time really flew fast.Three weeks later，we had to leave “home” for Hong Kong.11In the “homestay” program，a visitor can _.Alearn more about holidaysBunderstand his culture betterCimprove the language abilityDtake part in foreign meetings12The writer had

41、 wanted to visit London since _.Alast month Byears agoCthe special meeting Dher stay abroad13The group leader should _.Amake plans for the familyBtake care of the studentsCstay with different familiesDrent rooms to the students14The writers host family _.Awas very kind to herBwent sightseeing with h

42、erChad two white daughtersDwas interested in her activities15From the passage，we know that the writer _ in London.Awished to stay a little longerBspent three weeks in her homeChad classes in many interesting placesDhelped the teacher take the students in a car(四)(2013，河南)Cause and effect is one way

43、to explain things that happen around us.Many things happen because something caused or influenced them to happen.Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what causes the effect.It may help you to start with the effect and use your reasoning (推理的) skills.Think about all the things you kno

44、w that could be reasons for the effect you can see.For example，you may see someone putting on a heavy jacket.This is the effect.To look for a cause，think to yourself，“What would make someone put on a heavy jacket？”Maybe the person is going outside into very cold weather.Maybe the person works in the

45、 penguin pen (企鵝圈養地) at Sea World.Maybe the person is going to visit an ice skating rink where the air is kept very cold.All of these things could be a cause for putting on a heavy jacket.Now，think about a second example.The effect is a boy named Abi has to go to the head teachers office.What are th

46、e possible causes？Maybe he bullied (欺負) another student.Maybe he is just being picked up early.Maybe he is being given a prize!Here is another example for you to think about its cause and effect.Cait，13，was trying to fall asleep when her 8yearold brother，Doug，came into her room.He looked around a bi

47、t，but seemed really out of it.Then Doug went back into the hallway and stood there looking straight up at the hall light for quite a while.Little brothers can be very strange，but this was really much too strange.Cait didnt know what to do.Just then，Caits father appeared and explained that Doug was s

48、leepwalking.Whats the cause and effect，could you tell?16According to the second paragraph，which of the following is an effect?ASomeone puts on a heavy jacket.BSomeone works in the penguin pen.CSomeone will go outside into cold weather.DSomeone will go to visit an ice skating rink.17Abi has to go to

49、the head teachers office.Which of the following isnt the possible cause?AHe bullied another student.BHe is going shopping.Che is being picked up early.DHe is being given a prize.18What was Doug doing when his sister Cait tried to fall asleep?AHe was going outside.BHe was reading a story.CHe was slee

50、pwalking.DHe was looking for his dad.19Which of the following is cause and effect?ATony got up and had a glass of water.BWe came home and found him sleeping.CThe ball was lost and a window was broken.DTim was late again and his teacher got angry.20What is the best title for the text?ATruth and lies

51、BWork and sleepCCause and effect DLife and dreams(五)Ask any student which subject he or she hates most.9 out of 10 students will answer “math”No matter which country you visit，no matter which grade you are in，you may not learn art，geography，chemistry or Chinese，but you always learn math.Why is this

52、so？How come so many students hate math，and yet cannot avoid learning it in school?Jenny Sanders，a high school student in California，asks，“What good do we get from learning math？We can use computers to compute numbers，and we can use computers to store information.I think learning math at school is a waste of time.”However，there is much more to math than just learning to add and subtract(減) numbers.In fact，math is not so much about calculation (計算) as it is about learning to think logically (邏輯地) and solving problems.Of course，Jenny was right that we can use computers to do calculations，but h