unit1laughterisgoodforyougrammarandusageoverview infinitive verb ingandverb ed madebyniki standupfortalkstraighttodependonrelyonreacttoavarietyoftripovermakefunofgoontodotheacademyawardshaveaffectionfor review atechnicalproblemamusepeopletelljokeshavean a effectonhowlwithlaughterfollowinthefootstepsofsbfightpainitseemsappropriatethat passawaycast lines wing prop acts scenes script costume curtain actress infinitive 非謂語動詞 verb ing verb ed brainstorming 1 iwouldlike thank youforyourinvitation 2 iamsogladthatihavepersuadeyou apologize toher 3 isn tiswonderful have goodfriends 4 idecidetowriteratherthan phone 5 itisverynice you help me 6 sheinviteme go toherhouseand watch cds 7 shealwaysletsme borrow hermathsnotes 8 iwouldrather visit thedentistthanstudyalgebra 9 whynot come tolondonnexteaster tothank toapologize tohave phone of tohelp togo watch borrow visit come exercise lydiadoesn tfeellike study abroad gather aroundthefire thetouristsdancingwiththelocalpeople sarahpretendedtobecheerful say nothingabouttheargument find ahotel welookedforsomewheretohavedinner give goodhealth ihopetofinishtheworkthisyear theplanecrashed kill all200peopleaboard iwasmade wait 4hoursbeforeiwasexaminedbyadoctor exercise studying gathering saying havingfound killing given towait tsinghuauniversity found in1911 ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures offer animportantroleinanewmovie andyhasgotachancetobefamous clairehadherluggage check anhourbeforeherplaneleft i mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition advertise inyesterday schinadaily sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney discover inthelibrary agreatnumberofstudents question saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano exercise founded questioned checked advertised discovered offered overview infinitive verb ingandverb ed i grammarandusage lead in theinfinitive verb ingandverb edarecallednon finiteverbs theycanfunctionasdifferentelementsinthesentence thetoinfinitiveandverb ingformscanbeusedasthesubjectasasentence thetoinfinitiveisoftenusedasthesubjectofasentence whenwetalkaboutageneralidea wesometimesusetheverb ingformasthesubject 籠統概念e g toseeistobelieve laughinghelpsyourbodystayhealthyandcanevenhelpyoufightpain whenthesubjectisatoinfinitive wecanusethepreparatorysubjectitatthebeginningofthesentence e g itisimportanttorespectpeople overview thetoinfinitiveandverb ingformscanbeusedasthesubjectasasentence afterit snouse good weoftenusetheverb ingformastherealsubject e g it snousecryingoversplitmilk it snogoodworryingaboutit wecanusefor objectpronounbeforethetoinfinitiveasitslogicalsubject 在to不定式前用 for 賓格代詞 作為不定式的邏輯主語 e g it snecessaryformetoknowhowtouseacomputer overview 2 non finiteverbscanbeusedastheattributive whenusedastheattributive thetoinfinitiveoftenreferstoanactionthatwillhappeninthefuture theverb ingformoftenreferstoanactionthatiscontinuing andtheverb edformoftenreferstoapastactionorexpressesapassivemeaning to 將來會發生的動作v ing 持續進行的動作v ed 過去發生的動作 被動意義ihavesomeletterstowrite themanperformingonthestageisafamouscomedian johntookmanyphotosofleavesfallentotheground in1975 georgeburnsactedinafilmcalledthesunshineboys overview 2 non finiteverbscanbeusedastheattributive weusebeing verb edtoformthecontinuouspassive 進行時態的被動語態e g theundergroundsystembeingbuiltinthecitywillbeopennextyear whenthetoinfinitiveisusedastheattributive thenounthatitmodifiesisoftenthelogicalobjectofthetoinfinitive sometimesthenouncanbeitslogicalsubject orusedinapposition to不定式作定語時 它修飾的名詞通常是帶to的不定式的邏輯主語 有時也是帶to不定式的邏輯賓語 或者用于同位語中 whenjackwasyoung hehadnofriendstoplaywith tomisoftenthefirstonetoarriveatschool youcanexpecttohearalotmorefrombillycrystal hehasnoplanstostopmakingfilms overview 3 non finiteverbscanbeusedastheobjectcomplementinthesentence inthiscase thetoinfinitiveoftenreferstoanactionthatwillhappeninthefuture thev ingformreferstoanactionthatistakingplace andthev edformhasapassivemeaning to 將來會發生的動作v ing 正在發生的動作v ed 被動意義weinviteyoutowatchourperformancetomorrowevening theycouldonlyseehimstandingtheremovinghislips aftergettingoffthestage theactorfeltagreatweightliftedfromhim overview laughing tolaugh 2 tounderstand 3 participating 4 produced 5 toenjoy enjoying 6 toread reading exercise j howoftendoyouperformyourstand uproutine c idoitquiteoften performingsevendaysaweekisn tadifficultthingforme j doyouneedtobefittobeastand upcomedian c ishouldthinkso itravelalotand youknow people onstagehavegottobeenergetic igotothegymquiteoften j doyouwriteyourownmaterial c yes ireadalot andiwatchtv becausedoingsooftengivesmesomething about j doyouhavetopractiseyourroutine c that sforsure istheonlywaytoguaranteeasuccessfulperformance it shardwork butit sworthit becauseyoucanseetheaudienceenjoyingwhateveryousay j whattopicsareyoumostinterestedin c socialproblems itrytofindfoolishnessinthings tousasthetruth or itrytogetpeople inanewway j thankyouverymuchforthiswonderfulinterview c mypleasure todo performing towrite practising told tothink thinking practisingistheonlywaytoguaranteeasuccessfulperformance guaranteev n 保證 擔保 保證 保用證書 抵押品thesedaysgettingadegreedoesn tguaranteeyouajob iguaranteetopayoffhisdebt ifyouliet