新世紀(jì) 8年級(jí) 上冊 4個(gè)單元 英語知識(shí)點(diǎn) 整理 Unit One Modern Technology Lesson One Computers【詞形變換】mouse-mice（復(fù)數(shù)）main - mainlyelectronic - electrical - electricityrelax - relaxedable - enableinvent（發(fā)明 v.）-inventor（發(fā)明家）-invention（發(fā)明物）【重要短語】type in輸入，鍵入ought（not）to = should（not）應(yīng)該get/be familiar with 熟悉and so on 等等Whats the use of? 的用途是什么？at the age of 在歲時(shí)learn from 向?qū)W習(xí)be worried about = worry about 擔(dān)心allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事Would you please + v.原形? stop/prevent/keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停下來做某事pay attention to（介詞） 注意 agree with sb. 同意某人的意見help sb. with sth. = help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事spendon sth. = spend(in) doing sth. 花費(fèi)做某事keep in touch with 與保持聯(lián)系millions of 數(shù)百萬的useto do sth. 用.做某事all/different/many kinds of 各種各樣的in brief 簡言之neithernor 既不, 也不be connected to 與連接在一起be able to 的用法：（可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，而can不能）現(xiàn)在：am/is/are (not) able to過去：was/were (not) able to將來：will (not) be able toLesson Two Robots【詞形變換】different（形）-difference（名）-differently（副）danger - dangerousoperate - operationmemory - memorizeindustry - industrialmedicine - medicalplease-pleasure（名）-pleased（形/人）-pleasant（形/物）【重要短語】tidy up 整理，收拾make the bed 鋪床perform/do an operation on sb. 給某人做手術(shù)perform/do operations on sb. = operate on sb.be different from與不同 be the same as與相同know nothing about 對一無所知with pleasure 高興地，快樂地；樂意地what else = what other things （else常放在不定代詞和疑問詞的后面）decide to do sth. 決定做某事practise doing sth. 練習(xí)做某事not onlybut also 不但而且notany more/longer = no more/longer不再keep doing sth. 一直不停地做某事be afraid of sth./doing sth. 害怕某物/做某事 be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事with/without the help of 在的幫助下 / 沒有的幫助不定代詞的用法：something 常用于肯定句中，也可用于希望得到對方肯定回答的疑問句中anything 常用于否定句或疑問句中nothing 常用于否定句中（what）everything 上述不定代詞都指物，不能和of連用，都是單數(shù)。someone = somebody 常用于肯定句中anyone = anybody 常用于否定或疑問句中no one = nobody 常用于否定句中（who）everyone = everybody 上述不定代詞都指人，不能和of連用，也都是單數(shù)。none既可指人也可指物，既可用作單數(shù)也可用作復(fù)數(shù)，常和of連用。（how many）Lesson Three Household Appliances【詞形變換】clean - cleanerapply - appliance【重要短語】move into/to 搬進(jìn)/到be made in 在制造be made of 由制成（可看出原材料）be made from由制成（看不出原材料）turn on/off 打開/ 關(guān)閉 turn up/down 調(diào)高/ 調(diào)低finish doing sth. 結(jié)束做某事Whats that button for? 那個(gè)按鈕是干什么的？a piece of cake 容易的事情enjoy oneself = have a good time = have fun 玩得愉快by hand 手工；手動(dòng)It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花費(fèi)某人時(shí)間in addition 此外；加之enable sb. to do sth. 能使某人做某事at the same time 同時(shí)bothand 和都way of life 生活方式語法：感嘆句How + adj./adv. + 主語 + 謂語！ e.g. How interesting the book is!What + 名詞短語 + 主語 + 謂語！ e.g. What an interesting book it is!What + a/an + adj. + n.（單數(shù)名詞）+ 主語 + 謂語！ e.g. What a lovely girl she is!What + adj. + n.（復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞）+ 主語 + 謂語！ e.g. What bad weather it is! What beautiful flowers they are!=Unit Two Culture and CustomsLesson One Visiting a British Family【詞形變換】culture - cultural custom - customerpaint - paintinglove - lover - lovelyplease - pleased - pleasant - pleasure【重要短語】try（it） on 試穿 shake hands with 和握手put up 張貼，舉起 put on 穿上put out 熄滅，撲滅 sitting room 起居室be ones first to do sth. 某人第一次做某事show sb. around sp. 帶領(lǐng)某人參觀某地for the first time 第一次advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事a group of 一群 be busy doing sth. = be busy with sth. 忙于做某事in response to 作為對的答復(fù)；作為對的反應(yīng)Chinese painting 國畫English-speaking 說英語的learn to do sth. 學(xué)習(xí)做某事something to drink 一些喝的東西on a study trip 進(jìn)行一次學(xué)習(xí)旅行since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句 （主句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句一般過去時(shí)）e.g.The Wangs have lived in Shanghai since they moved there.Lesson Two Eating Out【詞形變換】start - starterwait - waiter - waitresssure - surely noise - noisy - noisilyhard - hardly 【重要短語】eat out 吃完have been to 去過have gone to 去了return to 返回invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人做某事invite sb. to 邀請某人去few（否） a few（肯） 修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)little（否） a little（肯） 修飾不可數(shù)名詞by the way 順便問一下need to do sth. 需要做某事ask for 尋求What do you think of? = How do you like? 你覺得怎么樣？be for 贊成 be against 反對on weekdays 在工作日at weekends 在周末be fond of 喜歡such as 例如，諸如之類first of all = at first 首先in addition 此外whats more 而且main course 主菜take sb.s order 記錄某人點(diǎn)的菜go Dutch 各人付各人的帳service charge 服務(wù)費(fèi)be true for 對適用，符合于sothat （中間接形容詞或副詞原級(jí)）-引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句suchthat （中間接名詞短語） “如此，以致”= Unit Three Knowledge of Common InterestLesson One Idioms with Body Parts【詞形變換】attention - attentive - attentivelymean - meaning - meaningful - meaninglesslisten - listenerloud - loudly - aloud【重要短語】Youve got a sweet tooth. 你喜歡吃甜食。I see eye to eye with you. 我與你的看法完全一致。Hes got a green thumb. 他園藝技能高超。Hes all ears. 他全神貫注地聽。Youve just hit the nail on the head.你正好擊中要害（一針見血）。You should stand on your own feet.（You should be independent.）Hes pulling your leg.（Hes kidding.）It will cost an arm and a leg.（It will cost a lot.）Im all thumbs.（Im clumsy.）Shes got him under her thumb.（She controls him.）be good at 擅長 = do well inwith the help of 在的幫助下，借助于teach sb. sth. 教某人某事（賓格）teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事teach oneself = learnby heart 自學(xué)the way to 去的路be quiet = keep quiet 保持安靜on the other hand 另一方面be careful = look out = take care 小心，當(dāng)心never mind 沒關(guān)系，不要緊by heart 靠記憶as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句（主句將來時(shí)，從句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）e.g. He will give me a call as soon as he gets to Beijing.Lesson Two Exhibitions and Museums【詞形變換】exhibit - exhibitionprice - pricelessenter - entranceeconomy - economicproud - prideproduce - product - production【重要短語】wait for sb. 等待某人It is（has been） + 一段時(shí)間 + since + 句子（一般過去時(shí)）“自從以來，已經(jīng)有的時(shí)間了。”two more = another two 再兩個(gè)，又兩個(gè)as well 也notuntil 直到才 at the entrance (to) 在入口處Thats fine with me. 行，沒問題。this coming Saturday 即將到來的這個(gè)星期六in the mid nineteenth century 在19世紀(jì)中葉in order to = so as to 為了 so that 以便，為了the price of .的價(jià)格be proud of = take pride in 以為自豪，以為驕傲since then 從那時(shí)起open to the public 向公眾開放since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句（主句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句一般過去時(shí)）e.g.The Wangs have lived in Shanghai since they moved there.Lesson Three Wonders of the World【詞形變換】wonder - wonderful - wonderfullydie-death（名）-dead（形）-dying（現(xiàn)在分詞）live -alive活著的 -lively生動(dòng)的，逼真的 -living（形）活的，有生命力的weigh-weight long-lengthwide-width high-heightstrong-strength deep-depthwise-wisdom 【重要短語】cover an area of 占地thousands of 數(shù)千，成千上萬be made up of 由組成 = consist ofbe made in 在制造be made of 由制成（能看出原材料）be made from 由制成（看不出原材料）be made into 被制成work on 從事be friendly to 對友好in height = high 高in length = long 長the sameas 同樣的 (colour, size, age, height)keepalive 使活著to this day 至今add to 增加，加到add up to 總計(jì)達(dá)in fact = actually 事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上tour guide 導(dǎo)游 = Unit Four Animals and PlantsLesson One A Visit to an Agricultural Park【詞形變換】amaze - amazing - amazednature - naturalchemistry - chemical - chemist【重要短語】be/come/get back from 從回來hear of 聽說，聽到有關(guān)的消息varieties of 各種的，種類繁多的 all year round 全年，一年到頭at noon/night/mid-night 在中午 in this way 用這種方法be covered with 被覆蓋 take photos of 拍的照片set out 出發(fā)，動(dòng)身show sb. around sp. 帶領(lǐng)某人參觀某地instead of 代替，而不是learn a lot 學(xué)到許多tellfrom 區(qū)別；分辨learnfr