2012考研英語(yǔ)（一）真題參考答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or

[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticesbecameanimportantissuerecently.Thecourt

cannotitslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflawjusticesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveral

instances,justicesactedinwaysthatthecourt'sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartialo

JusticesAntoninScaliaandSamuelAlitoJr.,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindof

activitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt'sdecisionswillbeasimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblem

isthatthejusticesarenotbyanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitselfto

thecodeofconductthattotherestofthefederaljudiciary。

Thisandothercasesthequestionofwhetherthereisstillabetweenthecourtandpoliticso

TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw____havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygave

justicespermanentpositionstheywouldbefreeto____thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto

politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyareso

closely。

Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsociallike

libertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawitisinescapablypolitical

-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasilyasunjusto

Thejusticesmustdoubtsaboutthecourt'slegitimacybymakingthemselvestothecodeof

conduct.Thatwouldmaketheirrulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,,convincing

aslawo

1AemphasizeBmaintainCmodifyDrecognize2AwhenBbestCbcforcDunles

3ArenderedBweakenedCestablishedDeliminated

4AchallengedBcompromisedCsuspectedDaccepted5.AadvancedBcaughtCboundDfounded

6.AresistantBsubjectCimmuneDprone7.AresortsBsticksCleadsDapplies8.AevadeBraiseC

denyDsettle9.AlineBbarrierCsimilarityDconflict10.AbyBasCthroughDtowards11.

AsoBsinceCprovidedDthough12.AserveBsatisfyCupsetDreplace13.AconfirmBexpress

CcultivateDoffer14AguardedBfollowedCstudied!)tied

15.AconceptsBtheoriesCdivisionsDconvenience^.AexcludesBquestionsCshapes

Dcontrolsl?.AdismissedBreleasedCrankedDdistortedl8.AsuppressBexploitCaddressD

ignore19.AaccessibleB.amiableCagreeableDaccountable?。.AbyallmeansBatallcostsC

inawordDasaresult

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartADirections:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],

[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text2Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,

yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls'lives.Itisnotthatpinkintrinsicallybad,but

itisatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italso

repeatedlyandfirmlyfusedgirls*identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,

evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.

Lookingaround,despairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls,livesandinterestso

Girls*attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJo

Paoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,ifsnot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntilthe

early20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,

sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.Whafsmore,bothboysandgirlsworewhat

werethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwas

actuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociated

withstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,

symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferences

becameadominantchildren'smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenit

begantoseeminnatelyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastfor

thefirstfewcriticalyearso

Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatis

naturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethe

toddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchinto

children，sbehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,accordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhood

consumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketinggimmickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s。

Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,they

shouldcreatea“Ihirdsteppingstone"betweeninfantwearandolderkids'clothes.Itwas

onlyafter"toddler"becamecommonshoppers'termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepted

developmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasproveda

sure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnify

genderdifferences-orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexisto

26Bysaying"itis...Therainbow”(line3,Para1),theauthormeanspink。

Ashouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood

Bshouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence

Ccannotexplaingirls'lackofimagination

Dcannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests

27AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?

AColorsareencodedingirls*DNABBlueusedtoberegardedasthecolorforgirls

CPinkusedtobeaneutralcolorinsymbolizinggenders

DWhiteispreferredbybabies

28Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren，spsychologicaldevotementwasmuch

influencedby_________。

[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren[B]theobservationofchildren,snature

[C]researchesintochildren，sbehavior[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumption

29.WemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvised。

Afocusesoninfantwearandolderkids'clothes

Battachequalimportancetodifferentgenders

CclassifyconsumersintosmallergroupsDcreatesomecommonshoppers，terms

30.itcanbeconcludedthatgirl*sattractiontopinkseemstobe。

AclearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendencyBfullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers

Cmainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmenDwellinterpretedbypsychologicalexperts

PartBDirections:

Forquestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA-Gandfillthem

intothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.ParagraphEhasbeencorrectlyplaced.There

isoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinwiththetext.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.

(10points)

PartCDirections:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.

YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

SectionIIIWritingPartA51.Directions:

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthenotice.Use"Postgraduates'Association^instead.

(10points)

PartB

52.Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould

describethepicturebriefly,explainitsintendedmeaning,andgiveyourcommentso

Youshouldwriteneatlyonanswersheet2.

2012年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題NationalEntranceTestofEnglishfor

MA/MSCandidates(NETEM)跨考英語(yǔ)教研室一楊鳳芝SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank

andmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticesbecameanimportantissue

recently.Thecourtcannotitslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleof

lawjusticesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,

justicesactedinwaysthatthecourt?sreputationforbeingindependent

andimpartialo

JusticesAntoninScaliaandSamuelAlitoJr.,forexample,appearedat

politicalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt*s

decisionswillbeasimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthat

thejusticesarenotbyanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourt

shouldmakeitself_______tothecodeofconductthat______totherestofthe

federaljudiciary。

Thisandothercases__thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla

betweenthecourtandpoliticso

TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw____havingauthorityapart

frompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions____theywouldbefree

tothoseinpowerandhavenoneedtopoliticalsupport.Ourlegal

systemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyare

soclosely_____。

Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedin

fundamentalsociallikelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswith

socialpolicydecisions,thelawit____isinescapablypolitical-which

iswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasilyasunjusto

Thejusticesmustdoubtsaboutthecourt,slegitimacybymaking

themselvestothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmaketheirrulingsmore

likelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,,convincingaslaw。

1AemphasizeBmaintainCmodifyDrecognize2AwhenBbestCbeforeDunless

3ArenderedBweakenedCestablishedDeliminated

4AchallengedBcompromisedCsuspectedDaccepted5.AadvancedBcaughtCboundDfounded

6.AresistantBsubjectCimmuneDprone7.AresortsBsticksCleads1)applies8.Aevade

BraiseCdenyDsettle9.AlineBbarrierCsimilarityDconflict10.AbyBasCthrough

Dtowards11.AsoBsinceCprovided1)though12.AserveBsatisfyCupsetDreplace13.

AconfirmBexpressCcultivateDoffer14AguardedBfollowedCstudiedDtied

15.AconceptsBtheoriesCdivisionsDconveniencel6.AexcludesBquestionsCshapes

Dcontrolsl?.AdismissedBreleasedCrankedDdistortedl8.AsuppressBexploitCaddress

Dignore19.AaccessibleB.amiableCagreeableDaccountable20.AbyallmeansBatallcosts

CinawordDasaresult

SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts,Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text2

Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththe

colour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls'lives.Itisnotthatpink

intrinsicallybad,butitisatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmay

celebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusedgirls'

identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,

betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence。

Lookingaround,despairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls,

livesandinterestso

Girls'attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,

butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,

it'snot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20th

century:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasa

practicalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboil

them.What'smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.

Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactually

consideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwas

associatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,

constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthe

mid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominant

children，smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenit

begantoseeminnatelyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,

atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyearso

Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperception

ofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychological

development.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexperts

developedafteryearsofresearchintochildren，sbehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,

accordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwas

popularisedasamarketinggimmickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930so

Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincrease

sales,theyshouldcreatea"thirdsteppingstone"betweeninfantwearand

olderkids,clothes.Itwasonlyafter"toddler〃becamecommonshoppers,

termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splitting

kids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewayto

boostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketisto

magnifygenderdifferences-orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist。

26Bysayingis...Therainbow”(line3,Para1),theauthormeanspink。

Ashouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood

Bshouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence

Ccannotexplaingirls，lackofimagination

Dcannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests

27AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?

AColorsareencodedingirls'DNABBlueusedtoberegardedasthecolorforgirls

CPinkusedtobeaneutralcolorinsymbolizinggendersDWhiteispreferredbybabies

28Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren，spsychological

devotementwasmuchinfluencedby________。

[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren[B]theobservationofchildren'snature

[C]researchesintochildren，sbehavior[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumption

29.WemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvised。

Afocusesoninfantwearandolderkids'clothesBattachequalimportancetodifferent

genders

CclassifyconsumersintosmallergroupsDcreatesomecommonshoppers，terms

30.itcanbeconcludedthatgirl*sattractiontopinkseemstobe。

AclearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendencyBfullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers

Cmainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmenDwellinterpretedbypsychologicalexperts

PartB

Directions:

Forquestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelist

A-Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.Paragraph

Ehasbeencorrectlyplaced.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinwith

thetext.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegments

intoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.

(10points)

SectionIIIWritingPartA

51.Directions:

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthenotice.Use〃Postgraduates'

Association''instead.(10points)

PartB

52.Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyour

essay,youshould

1)describethepicturebriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and

3)giveyourcommentsoYoushouldwriteneatlyonanswersheet2.

l.B2.A3.B4.D5.C6.B7.D8.B9.A10.B

11.A12.C13.C14.D15.A16.C17.A18.C19.D20.D

21.D22.D23.A24.C25.D26.C27.A28.A29.B30.B

31.A32.D33.B34.D35.D36.C37.D38.B39.A40.A

41.C42.D43.A44.F45.G

46.在物理學(xué)上，一種方法是將這種沖動(dòng)完美發(fā)揮到極點(diǎn)并且導(dǎo)找到一種萬(wàn)能的理論…一條我們都可以

看的見(jiàn)，明白的普遍公式。

47.在這里，達(dá)爾文主義似乎提供了一個(gè)準(zhǔn)則，如果所有的人類都有共同的起源，那么文化差異能夠追

尋到更早的可控的起源也是合理的。

48.從我們的共同特征中過(guò)濾獨(dú)特性能夠使我們明白文化行為的復(fù)雜性起源以及是什么在進(jìn)化方面和認(rèn)

知方面指導(dǎo)我們?nèi)祟悺?/p>

49、其實(shí)，山約書(shū)亞格林伯說(shuō)，將更多的經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義用在了普遍性上，驗(yàn)證許多語(yǔ)言所共有的特點(diǎn)，這些

特點(diǎn)被認(rèn)為是代表了由認(rèn)知限制造成的偏見(jiàn)。

50.喬姆斯基的語(yǔ)法應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)言更改的模式，是通過(guò)獨(dú)立的家譜或山它所跟蹤的路徑，而通過(guò)性預(yù)

測(cè)的特定類型間的合作關(guān)系。

PartA

47.Directions：

Supposeyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythatyouboughtfromanonlinestore

theotherday.Writeandemailtothecustomerservicecenterto

1)makeacomplaint,and

2)demandapromptsolution.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“ZhangWei”instead.

參考范文：

DearMr./Miss：

ThisletterisacomplaintconcerningtheelectronicdictionaryIboughtfromyouronlinestoretheotherday.

TwoweeksagoImailedthemoneythatorderedandsoonreceivedtheelectronicdictionary.Ifollowedthe

instructionsattachedwithit.InsteadIcannotgetitstartedanyway.Afterchangedthebatteryinsideseveral

timesinvain,Itotallygaveitup.

Iwrotetoyourcompanyexpectingapromptsolutiontothisproblem.Iwouldhopethatyoucoulddo

somethingtogivemeasatisfactoryfeedback.AndIwillappreciateitverymuchifyouputastricttestonthese

electronicdictionaries,thusstopthecontinuingcomplaintsandsuffersofothercomtomers.

SincerelyYours,

ZhangWei

2012年考研英語(yǔ)真題：作文題目及范文

作文一些外國(guó)留學(xué)生將要來(lái)你的大學(xué)，以學(xué)生會(huì)的名義給他們寫(xiě)一封email,

1.表示你的歡迎2.為他們?cè)谶@里的校園生活提供一些建議

請(qǐng)寫(xiě)100個(gè)字左右，請(qǐng)不要在信的末尾寫(xiě)你的名字，用筆名代替，不要寫(xiě)地址。

范文

親愛(ài)的同學(xué)們，

首先請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我代表我校的各位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)老師及同學(xué)們對(duì)你們的到來(lái)表示熱烈的歡迎，歡迎來(lái)到我校學(xué)習(xí)

和生活。

不同國(guó)家的校園生活有所不同，為了使你們的生活更加舒適，下面我將介紹一些在我校生活的?些建議。

首先，在中國(guó)不可以直呼老師的名字，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)是一個(gè)禮儀之邦，中國(guó)人用稱呼表達(dá)對(duì)老師的尊重。

其次，希望你們珍惜在中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間，主動(dòng)增加與中國(guó)人交流的機(jī)會(huì)，這樣既能提高你們的漢語(yǔ)

水平，也能了解中國(guó)的文化。

最后，如果你們?cè)谏詈蛯W(xué)習(xí)上遇到困難，及時(shí)與我們溝通。祝你們?cè)谥袊?guó)的留學(xué)生活愉快！

學(xué)生會(huì)

Dearstudents,

Firstofall,allowme,onbehalfoftheleadersofourschoolteachersandstudentsarewarmly

welcometocometoyou,welcometoourschoolandlife.

Campuslifeisdifferentindifferentcountries,inordertomakeyourlifemorecomfortable,thef

ollowingIwilldescribesomeoftheproposalsinmyschoollife.

Firstofall,cannotcalltheteachefsnameinChina,becauseChinaisaritualofceremony,Chin

eseusedtocalltheexpressionofrespectfbrteachers.

Secondly,IhopeyoucherishthetimestudyinginChina,taketheinitiativetoincreaseopportunitiesfor

interactionwithChinesepeople,sothatbothcanimproveyourChineselanguagelevel,canunderstand

Chineseculture.

Finally,ifyouencounterdifficultyinlivingandlearning,tocommunicatewithusinatimely

manner.WishesyoutostudyabroadinChinaliveininterestingtimes!

StudentUnion

作文2：

這幅漫畫(huà)象征性的描述了一個(gè)倒在地上的瓶子,一些牛奶灑了出來(lái)。在這個(gè)瓶子的旁邊站著兩個(gè)人,

一個(gè)垂頭喪氣的說(shuō)“全完了!”，而另一個(gè)則說(shuō)“幸好還剩點(diǎn)兒!這幅畫(huà)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容既意義深遠(yuǎn)又發(fā)人

深省。

這幅漫畫(huà)的目的是告訴我們?cè)谏睢⒐ぷ骱蛯W(xué)習(xí)中遇到挫折時(shí)，不同的人持有不同的態(tài)度。積極樂(lè)

觀的人總是能夠發(fā)掘事情好的一面，而消極悲觀的人總是為他失去的東西傷心抱怨。總之，?個(gè)人的態(tài)

度能夠決定他的成敗。

在我看來(lái)，我們應(yīng)該向那個(gè)積極樂(lè)觀的人學(xué)習(xí)。在生活中無(wú)論遇到什么樣的困難，我們都應(yīng)該用積

極樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度來(lái)面對(duì)。只有這樣，我們才能取得成功。

Thiscartoontokendescribesabottlethatfelltotheground,somemilkspilledout.Thebottlestandsnext

totwopeople,adejectedsaying"isallover!"Whileanothersaid"Fortunatelyhaveleft!Thecontents

expressedinthepaintingisbothmeaningfulandthought-provoking.

Thiscartoonisdesignedtotellustolive,workandlearningaredown,you,differentpeopleholddifferent

attitudes.Optimisticpeoplecanalwaysdiscoverwhat'sgoodside,andnegativeandpessimisticpeoplealways

losingthingssadforhimtocomplain.Inshort,aperson'sattitudescanmakeorbreakhim.

Inmyopinion,weshouldlearnfromthepositiveandoptimisticman.Nomatterwhatdifficultiesshemet

inlife,weshoulduseapositiveandoptimisticattitudetoface.Onlyinthisway,wecanbesuccessful.

法碩聯(lián)盟是由北京大學(xué)、中國(guó)人民大學(xué)、中國(guó)政法大學(xué)、清華大學(xué)、西南

政法大學(xué)等高校在讀法律碩士學(xué)長(zhǎng)創(chuàng)辦的網(wǎng)站。自2007年成立以來(lái)，以在讀學(xué)長(zhǎng)多、法碩信息多、vip

會(huì)員分?jǐn)?shù)高等優(yōu)勢(shì)享譽(yù)全國(guó)，特別是論壇法碩考前押題更是被全國(guó)法碩考生奉為考前必看資料（2012

被媒體報(bào)道）。加入付費(fèi)vip會(huì)員=權(quán)威名師課程+在讀學(xué)長(zhǎng)答疑+考前絕密預(yù)測(cè)。2012年論壇直接與中

國(guó)最權(quán)威考研類圖書(shū)出版社-高等教育出版社合作出版《2013年法律碩士歷年真題及答案詳解》一書(shū)，

旨在打造最好的法碩真題圖書(shū)，該書(shū)未出版即本廣大法碩戰(zhàn)友搶先預(yù)定。

我們一直用心在做，我們會(huì)竭力做得更好！

2011年考研英語(yǔ)一真題及答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”

But---someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysical

filnessLaughterdoesshort-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,

heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto,agood

laughisunlikelytohavebenefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.

,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparently

accomplishesthe,studiesdatingbacktothe1930'sindicatethatlaughter,muscles,

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelptheeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,the

actoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesoffeedback,thatimprovean

individual'semotionalstate.oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartially

rootedphysicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdo

notcrytheyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhentetearsbegintoflow.

Althoughsadnessalsotears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflowmuscular

responses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritz.

1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like

2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce

3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining

4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe

5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable

6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief

7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected

8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes

9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance

10.[A]physical[B]mentl[C]subconscious[D]internal

11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor

12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at

13.[A]unless[B]untilC]if[D]because

14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses

15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond

16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold

17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent

18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted

19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing

20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],

[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirector

hasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhis

appointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.

“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertis

comparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbeifsappointmentinthe

Times,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairofthefbnnidableconductorabouthim.”

Asadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledby

musicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsome

Timesreadersasfaintpraise.

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobe

sure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryforme

tovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodo

istogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfrom

iTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformanceare

missingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classical

instrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,and

museums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20th

century.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartistic

qualitythantoday'sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed"atatimeandplaceof

thelistener'schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtabouta

crisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnot

yetavailableonrecord.Gilbert'sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,a

classical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonic

into"amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.nButwhatwillbethenatureofthat

difference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra'srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthe

Philharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica'soldest

orchestraandthenewa