熱點08自然環境及文學藝術閱讀理解之簡答題1、文本特點?體裁多樣化，以信件、故事、人物小傳、采訪、便條為主；?人文性強、體驗性強、生活性強、哲理性強、探索性強。2、命題思路?在語篇中獲取事實信息；?在語篇中推測隱含意義；?在語篇中理解和歸納主旨大意。?細節題，能在原文中找到。關鍵要細心，細心，再細心！答題要信息完整。?通常最后一個問題屬于開放性題目。做這種題目時，必須看懂有關內容及前因后果，因為開放性題目的答案可以有許多，只要言之有理，都能得分。?書面回答問題時，不同問題類型的回答方式不同。誤區1:回答不完整例1.WheredothewriterandhisgrandpagoeverySaturday?回答：Thenursinghome.(文中原句為：EverySaturday,GrandpaandIwalktothenursinghometo…)正確答案為：Tothenursinghome例2.Wherewastheexhibitionheld?回答：Ahall.(文中原句為:Hehired(租用)ahall.)正確答案為：Inahall★解題技巧點撥:Where提問，>>>>>>用“介詞+地方”回答例3.Howmanysheeparecoming?回答：Twohundred.(文中原句為:Therewereabouttwohundredsheepcomingtowardsusdownthehill.)所以正確答案為：Abouttwohundred.★解題技巧點撥:數字前的修飾詞，如morethan,lessthan,almost,nearly,about等一定不能忘例4.HowlonghashestayedinBeijing?回答：Tendays.（正確答案為：Fortendays）對比：5.HowlongdidittakeMr.Smithtoreachthegroundflooronemorning?回答：Foralmost10minutes.(文中原句為:Allthistookhimalmost10minutes.)正確答案為：Almost10minutes.★解題技巧點撥:Howlong應用“for+一段時間”來回答，但在“ittakessb.sometimetodosth.”這個句型中是沒有”for”的。誤區2:時態錯誤例1.Whatdidyouthinkoftheholiday?回答：It’sterrible.

正確答案為：Itwasterrible.例2．WhatdoyouthinkofTom?(故事發生在過去)回答：Heiskind.

正確答案為：Hewaskind.

★解題技巧點撥:

回答問題時看清楚問題的時態是很重要的。誤區3:句法（人稱）錯誤例1.WhatdidRobertandJohnwantJamestodo?(文中原句為:“Whatyouhavetodoistogiveusthecarkeys.”RobertandAdamsaidtoJames.)回答：Theywantedtogiveusthecarkeys.正確回答：TheywantedJames/himtogivethemthecarkeys.

★解題技巧點撥::

人稱轉換是回答問題中容易忽視的環節。

誤區4:

無法識別

選擇疑問句

例1.Dopeopleliketoeatporridgeorsteamedbreadfortheirbreakfastaccordingtothepassage?錯誤回答：Yes,theydo.正確回答：Porridge.(Theyliketoeatporridge.)例2Dopeopleliketoeatporridgeornot？錯誤回答：porridge..正確回答：Yes,theydo.

★解題技巧點撥::

重點關注or連接的兩端是不是有相同語法功能的兩個部分，如都是名詞，或都是動詞等，

有，則是選擇疑問句，無，則是一般疑問句。

附：回答問題難點剖析開放性試題，難以根據文中信息，提煉出自己需要的表達內容。技巧點撥1：paraphrase同義替換【適用題型】句子理解，推斷題參考題目：

Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedpart/sentence?Whatdoesthewritermeanbysaying.....?Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?

Whatkindoflessoncanyouhavefromthearticle

Whatistheimplied(隱含的)meaningoftheunderlinedsentence?【案例】Itwasabusymorningabout8:30,whenanelderlygentlemancametothehospital.Iheardhimsayingtothenursethathewasinahurryforanappointmentat9:30a.m.Thenursehadhimtakeabreakinthewaitingarea,tellinghimitwouldbeatleast40minutesbeforethedoctorwouldbeabletoseehim.Isawhimlookingathiswatchanddecided,sinceIwasnotbusy-mypatientdidn'tturnupattheappointedhour,Iwouldexaminehiswound.Whiletakingcareofhiswound,Iaskedhimifhehadanotherdoctor'sappointment.Thegentlemansaidnoandtoldmethatactuallyheneededtogotothenursinghometoeatbreakfastwithhiswife.Hetoldmeshehadbeenthereforawhileandshehadaspecialdisease.Iaskedifshewouldbeworriedifhewasabitlate.Herepliedthatshenolongerknewwhohewas,andthatshehadnotbeenabletorecognizehimforfiveyears.Iwassurprised,andaskedhim,"And

you

stillgoeverymorning,eventhoughshedoesn'tknowwho

you

are?"Hesmiledandsaid,"Shedoesn'tknowme,butIknowwhosheis."Ihadtoholdbacktearsasheleft.NowIrealizethatinamarriage,truelovemeansacceptance（接納）.Thehappiestpeopledon'tnecessarilyhavethebestofeverything;theyjusttreasurethebestofeverythingtheyhave.Don'twaitforastormtopass,learn

how

todanceintherain.Q:Howdoyouunderstandthelastsentence"Lifeisn'tabouthowtolivethroughthestorm,buthowtodanceintherain."?技巧點撥2：關鍵詞拓展+編寫【適用題型】讀后續寫，補充題干，補充結局參考題目：1.WhatdoyouthinkKenwassayingtohisparentsabouthiscamplife?(Atleasttwoaspects)2.

Whatphrasecanyouuseifyouareadvisingsomeonetotakeactiontoavoidanemergency?Iwouldsay____.3.

Writeatleast3waystoprotectyourhomeagainstburglary.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.【案例】BetterSafethanSorryTHEBESTWAYtodealwithanemergencyistoavoidone,ifyoucan.PartFourofourongoingseriesoncrimepreventionfocusesonprotectingyourhomeagainstburglary.StickyFingers,anexperiencedburglarnowservinga6-yearprisonsentence,agreedtotalktoourreporter.Reporter:Sticky,whatdoyoulookforbeforeburglarizingahouse?Fingers:Well,first,Imakesurenooneishomeandnooneiswatching.Inosearoundneighbourhoodswherepeopledon'tseemtoknoweachotherverywell.Thatway,Iwon'tbenoticed.Next,Itrytofindahousewherethepeopleareonholidayandnotlikelytoreturnsoon.Idothisbylookingforhouseswithnolightsonintheevening.ThenIlookatdoorways.They'reasuregiveaway（暴露）.Whennewspapers,mail,anddeliveriesarepiledup,Icantellthatpeoplehavebeenawayfromdays.Icanevencounthowmanydaysfromthenumberofnewspapers.Reporter:81?Fingers:Well,usuallyit'seasyandeffortless.Lotsoftimespeopleleaveawindowopen,ordoorsandwindowsunlocked.ThenIjustslipin,whenIhavetobreakin,Ilookforapatio（露臺）dooronthefirstfloor.Theyusuallyhaveweaklocksandyoucanforcethemeasily.Iwatchoutfordogs,though.IfIhearadogbarking,Igosomewhereelse.Q：81.Whatbestfitsthe

blank?一、根據短文內容回答下列問題。WhenPaulwasaboygrowingupinUtah,hehappenedtolivenearacoppersmelter（煉銅廠）.Itmadechemicalscomeoutandmadeabeautifulforestbecomeawasteland.Onedayayoungvisitorlookedatthiswastelandandcalleditanawfularea.Paulknockedhimdownangrily.Fromthenon,somethinghappenedinsidehim.YearslaterPaulwasbackinthearea,andhewenttothesmelteroffice.Heaskediftheyhadanyplansoriftheywouldlethimtrytobringthetreesback.Theanswerfromthatbigindustrywas“No”.Paulthenwenttocollegetostudythescienceofplants.Unfortunately,histeacherssaidsincethereweren’tanybirdsorsquirrels（松鼠）tospreadtheseeds,itwouldbeawasteofhislifetotrytodoit.Hewastoldeveryoneknewthatevenifhewasknowledgeableashehadexpected,hewouldn'tgethisideaaccepted.Paullatergotmarriedandhadsomekids.Buthisdreamwouldnotdie.Andthenonenighthedidwhathecouldwithwhathehad.Tobringtreesbacktothewasteland,hewentsecretlyintothewastelandandstartedplantingunderthecoverofdarkness.Andeveryweek,hemadehissecretjourneyintothewastelandandplantedtreesandgrass.Slowlyrabbitsappeared.Later,astherewaslegalpressuretocleanuptheenvironment,thecompanyactuallyhiredPaultodowhathewasalreadydoing.Nowtheplaceisfourteenthousandacresoftreesandgrassandbushes,andPaulhasreceivedalmosteveryenvironmentalawardUtahhas.Ittookhimuntilhishairturnedwhitetoplanttreesandgrass,buthemanagedtokeepthatimpossiblevow（誓言）hemadetohimselfasachild.1．WhatdidthecoppersmelterdotoabeautifulforestnearPaul’shometown?2．ThecoppersmelterofficeragreedtoletPaulbringtreesbackatfirst,didn'the?3．WhydidPaul’steachersthinkitwouldbeawasteoftimetotrytoplanttreesinthatarea?4．WhatdidPauldoinordertobringtreesbacktothewasteland?5．HowlongdidittakePaultoplanttreesandgrass?6．WhatcanyoulearnfromPaul’sstory?二、根據短文內容回答下列問題。Acrosstheworld,1.1billionpeoplehavenoaccesstocleandrinkingwater.Morethan2.5billionpeoplelackbasicsanitation.Thecombinationprovesdeadly.Eachyear,diseasesrelatedtoinadequatewaterandsanitationkillbetween2and5millionpeopleandcauseanestimated80percentofallsicknessesinthedevelopingworld.Safedrinkingwaterisapreconditionforhealthandthefightagainstchilddeathrate,inequalitybetweenmenandwomen,andpoverty.Considerthesefacts:●TheaveragedistancethatwomeninAfricaandAsiawalktocollectwateris6kilometers.●Only58percentofchildreninsub-SaharanAfricaaredrinkingsafewater,andonly37percentofchildreninSouthAsiahaveaccesstoevenabasictoilet.●EachyearinIndiaalone,73millionworkingdaysarelosttowater-bornediseases.Herearethreewaysyoucanhelp:(1)WriteCongressCurrentU.S.foreignaidfordrinkingwaterandsanitationbudgetsonlyonedollarperyearperAmericancitizen.FewmembersofCongresshaveeverreceivedaletterfromvotersaboutcleandrinkingwaterabroad.(2)Sponsoraprojectwithafaith-basedorganizationManyU.S.religiousgroupsalreadysponsorwaterandsanitationprojects,workingwithpartnerorganizationsabroad.SimplyputtingasingleprojectbyaU.S.organizationcanmakesafewaterarealityforthousandsofpeople.(3)SupportnonprofitwaterorganizationsNumerousU.S.-basednonprofitsworkskillfullyabroadincommunity-ledprojectsrelatedtodrinkingwaterandsanitation.Likethesampleofnon-profitsnotedasfollows,someorganizationsarelarge,othersmall-scale,someoperateworldwide,othersaredevotedtocertainareasinAfrica,Asia,orLatinAmerica.Supportthemgenerously.7．Howmanypeoplearekilledbecauseofthediseasesrelatedtoinadequatewaterandsanitationproblemeachyear?8．HowmuchdoestheU.S.payforthedrinkingwaterandsanitation?9．Whatwillyoudotohelpsolvethedrinkingwaterproblem?10．Whatdothethreefactsusedinthepassagetrytotellus?11．Whatinformationwillprobablybeprovidedfollowingthelastparagraph?12．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?三、根據短文內容回答下列問題。Howwillgeographyaffectyourlife?Forsomechildrenaroundtheworld,theenvironmenttheygrowupinhasahugeeffectontheirlives.ThisisthecaseinMadagascar,anislandcountryinAfrica,wherea3D-printedschoolisnowbeingbuilt.MaggieGroutwasjust15yearsoldwhenshesetupanon-profitorganization-ThinkingHuts.Now22,sheisraisingmoneytobuildaseriesof3D-printedschoolpoweredbysolarenergy.Sheledthewholeprocessfromstarttofinish,workingwithuniversityprofessors.TheychoseMadagascarbecauseitneedsmoreschools.Manychildreninthatcountrydon’thavethechancetohaveaccesstoeducation.Besides,ithasalotofsunshine,whichcanbemadeintoenergytopowerthings.Maggiethendrewadesignfortheschool.Shethoughtaboutwhatthepeoplemightneedandwheretheyworkedbest.Next,Maggiefoundanarchitectand3Dprintingcompanyforthejob.Tomakeitenvironmentallyfriendly,theyuseaspecial3Dprintertobuildtheschool.Itmeantupto50percentlessconcrete(混凝土)usedandlessCO2.Plus,theschoolcouldbecompletedinjustaweek.Theyalsousedlocalmaterialstobuildthedoors,windowsandroof.What’smore,ThinkingHutstrainedlocalworkerstousea3Dprintersothattheycouldbuildmoreschoolsontheirowninthefuture.MaggieplanstoprintmorenewschoolsinotherpartsofMadagascarbecauseoneinfivechildrendon’thavethechancetoattendprimaryschoolthere.Sofar,Groutscharityhasalreadyraised$125,000.“It’snotsobadtome!Ofcourse,weneedmore.”MaggietoldSpringwisewebsite.13．WhendidMaggieGroutsetupThinkingHuts?14．WhatkindofenergydidMaggie’s3D-printedschoolsuse?15．WhydidMaggiebuildthe3D-printedschoolsinMadagascarfirst?16．Howdidthe3Dprintingfirmmakeitsworkenvironmentallyfriendly?17．ThinkingHutstrainedlocalworkerstousea3Dprinter,didn’tit?18．WhatwouldyouliketodotosupportThinkingHuts?Showyourreasons四、根據短文內容回答下列問題。Dramaandtheperformingartsareexcellentmethodsofbuildingconfidenceinchildrenandadultsalike.Learningthroughdramaallowschildrentoexploretheircreativity,havefunandleavetheirshynessandworriesbehind.Dramaalsoworksbysupportingthegrowthofimaginationandotherskills.Entertainmenthasbecomeratherpassivewithcinema,television,andcomputergamesbecomingmorepopular.Thesescreen-basedmethodshavehadanegativeeffectoncommunication.However,dramaputsthe“get-up-and-go”backintoentertainment.Childrenhavetheopportunitytoconnectwithothersinamoremeaningfulwayasdramaencouragesspeechdevelopmentandawarenessofbodylanguage.Playanddramaarecloselylinked.Whenchildrenplayagame,theyarepretendingandusingtheirimaginationandsoaremovingawayfromrealitytocreatetheirownstory.Dramaisavehiclethroughwhichchildrencanexpressthemselvesmorefreelythroughmime(啞劇表演),gesture,movement,andspeechtomakeeducationfun.Childrengainconfidencebyunderstandingthatthereisnofinalanswerindramaandthattheiropinionandactionsarevalued.Childrenareabletogiveapersonalresponsetomanyissuesandsituationssuchaspoverty,bullying,globalwarmingandrecycling.Theissuesthatdramacandealwithareendless.Dramaandeducationhaveastronglinkasdramacanencouragechildrentotakeanactiveinterestinothersubjectssuchasgeography,history,andEnglishandsohaveamoreroundededucation.Asadramateacher,Ihavewitnessedchildrenattheirfirstclassholdingontotheirparent’sarm——unwillingtoletgo.Thentoseethesamechildlaterrunningintomyclasswithasmileisanexcellentsight.Dramainstallsconfidenceinchildrenbyallowingthemtoimprovise(即興創作)andexperiment.Everyoneisgiventheopportunitytoshinewithindrama.19．Canlearningthroughdramahelpchildrenleavetheirshynessandworriesbehind?20．Whatdothosescreen-basedmethodshaveanegativeeffecton?21．Whydoesdramaletchildrenconnectwithothersinamoremeaningfulway?22．Whatdochildrenthinktheycandoinaplayoradrama?Theycan.23．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“valued”(inthelastparagraph)mostprobablymean?.24．Arechildreninterestedindramaclasses?Howdoyouknow?五、根據短文內容回答下列問題。"Justbecauseyoucan'tseesomething,thatdoesn'tmeanit'snotthere."ThisoldsayingisquitemeaningfulforBritishsculptor（雕刻家）Willard.Theitemshecreatesaresosmallthatmostofthemfitontheheadofapin.Youcanseethemclearlyonlythroughamicroscope（顯微鏡）.Manypeoplewanttoownhisartpieces.He'sbeenhonoredbytheQueenofEnglandforhisgreatartachievements.Ateveryoneofhisexhibitions,thequestionisalwaysthesame.Howdoeshedoit?Theanswerisvery,verycarefully.Socarefully,infact,thatheactuallyslowshisbreathingdownandworksinbetweenbreaths.Willardusuallyworksunderamicroscopeusingspecialtoolsthathecreates.Topainthisworks,heusesthehairfromaflyasapaintbrush.Creatingthesedetailedworksisaverylonganddifficultprocess,anditisn'talwaysenjoyable."ItisaterribledreamwhenIstartbutanicedreamwhenIfinish,"hesays.Asingleitemcantakeatleastseveralweekstocomplete.PeoplehaveaskedWillardwhyhechosetodosomethingthatneededeffortandtooktime.Hisinterestincreatingsmallthingsbeganwhenhewasfive.Hestartedcreatinghousesandplaygroundsforants.Willardwasnotastrongstudent.Hehaddifficultyinreadingandspellingwords.Somekidsusedtocallhimaloser.Thismadehimfeelsmall,sofocusingonlitethingshelpedhimtofeelbig.Thesmallerhisworkgot,thebiggerhefelt.Anewspaperreportersaid,"Willardhasshowntheworldthatheisspecial.Though_______,he________."25．AreWillard'sartpiecesbigorsmallinsize?26．WhenpeoplevisitWillard'sexhibitions,whatquestiondotheyalwaysask?27．WhatdoesWillardusetomakeapaintbrush?28．Whatdoestheunderlinedworditinparagraph4referto?29．WhydidWillardchoosetodosomethingthatneededeffortandtooktime?30．Whatcanbefilledintheblanksinthelastparagraph?一、根據短文內容回答下列問題。InBritain,theancienttraditionofopen-airperformancesisstillaliveandwell.CornwallhassomeofBritain’soldestworkingtheatres,withoneopen-airtheatreactuallybuiltintoacliff（懸崖）,aprojectonlyrecentlycompleted.Twoactors,DaveJamesandMurielThomas,camefromLondontheatrestojoinatheatrecompanycalledCoastline.Theynowregularlyperforminjustsuchatheatre,bythesea.‘Onethingaboutperformingoutsideisweneverknowwhat’llhappen.Forexample,ifabirdbandsonstage,wecan’tactasifit’snotthere–theaudienceareallwatchingit.Sowejustbringthebirdintotheplay,too.Once,about30dolphinscamepast,jumpingoutofthewaterandshowingoff.Theaudiencewereallchattingabouttheminsteadofwatchingtheplay,sotheactorjustgaveupforawhileandwatchedthedolphins,too.’Theweathercanalsobedifficult.‘Sometimesit’sbeensobad,’saysMuriel,‘thatwe’veaskedtheaudienceiftheyreallywanttostay.Butusuallytheysitwiththeircoatsandumbrellasandsay,“Yes,pleasecarryon!”Theymustfeelitisn’tmuchfun,butnoone’sreturnedtheirticketssofar!’Coastline’sdirector,JohnBarnack,workshardtointroducepeopletotheatre.‘Manypeoplethinkoftheatresasclubswheretheydon’tbelongandarenotwelcome,’heexplains.‘Sittingintheopenairchangesthatfeeling.Theaudiencearefarmoreinvolved–theyaren’tsittinginthedark,atdistancelikeinnormaltheatres,andthatimprovestheactors’performances,too.I’mveryproudoftheworkthey’vedonesofar.’1．InBritain,thetraditionofopen-airperformancesisdying,isn’tit?2．Whereistheopen-airtheatreinCornwalllocated?3．Whatdidactorsdowhentheplaywasdisturbedby30dolphins?4．Whatwillthetheatrecompanypromisetheaudienceifitrainsheavilyduringperformances?Thecompanywillpromisetheaudiencethat.5．Whatmightmaketheoutdoorperformancesdifficult?and

.6．Willyougotoanopen-airtheatre?Whyorwhynot?二、根據短文內容回答下列問題。Almosteveryadultsharesthesamedailyroutine:beginningthedaybyreadingthenewspaper,thengoingofftoworkandthenreturninghometiredandreadyforbed.Youngerpeopleinschoolorcollegemayhaveadifferentroutinefromadults,buttheirlivesareprettysimilar.Mostpeople,youngorold,can’tfindthetimeorenergytorelaxandenjoytheday.Luckily,musicisheretohelpusforgetourworriesandfeelpeaceful.Besidesbeingpleasanttotheear,musiccanhelpusrelax.Musicisalsogoodbecauseitcanteachussomethingaboutdifferentlanguagesandculturesallaroundtheworld.Everyonelikesmusicandeverycountryhasahistoryofmusictobeproudof.Frombirthtodeathwehavemusicalongwithus.Music,likeallformsofart,isanotherwaytoaddpeacetoourlives.Modernstudiesshowthatrelaxingwithmusiccandogoodtoourbodiesinsomewayashardexercisedoes.Pythagoras,theGreekmathematician,saidthatsomekindsofmusiccouldchangebehaviourpatterns.Listeningtothesoundsofmusiccanmakeusrelax.Musiccanhelppeoplecommunicateandexpresstheirfeelings.Everydaypeopleenjoysongsontheradiobecausethesongsreflect(反映)theirfeelingsinside.Loversneedlovesongsforeachother.Asmuchasmusicexpressesfeelings,itcanalsochangefeelings.Asaddaycanbemadehappywiththehelpofmusic.Sometimeswhenwefeelangryweneedangrymusictomakeusfeelbetter.Musiccanalsohelppeopleremembersomething.Schoolchildrenaretaughttosingsongsaboutcolours,animalsandletterstohelpthemmemorizenewwordsandconcepts(概念).Musiccanchangepeople’slivesinunimaginableways.7．Dotheyoungandtheoldhavethesameroutine?8．Whichcanmusicplease,theearortheheart?9．Accordingtothepassage,whatcanaddpeacetopeople’slives?10．WhatcanmusicdoaccordingtoParagraph7-9?11．Whyarechildrentaughttosingsongsaccordingtothepassage?12．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?(Atleastthreewords)三、根據短文內容回答下列問題。Itwasacoolspringmorningbackin2009andIhadjuststartedamorningshiftasaschoolcrossingguard.Lookingoutforthechildren,Isuddenlynoticedsomethingatsideways.BehindmeIfirstthoughtitwasasmall,overweightdogheadingtowardsme.Ididn'tthinkmuchaboutit,andlookedcarefullyatanyapproachingchildren,aswellasenjoyingthemorningsun.Whatiswrongwiththatdog?Ithoughtlateron,asIlookedbacktocheckonthesmalldog—itwasmovingmuchtoofastforitself.Afewminuteslater,IfeltasifIwasbeingwatched,Ilookedbehindme,butthedoghaddisappeared.Then,asIslowlyturnedmyattentionbacktotheroad,Iwasgreatlysurprisedtoseealargekoalaatmyfeetandstaringrightupatme.Anumberofdifferentsolutionscrossedmymind.Butstayingcalmwasthebest."Areyouwaitingtocrosstheroad?"Iaskedthesweetkoala.MissKoalalookedaway,andscratched(抓撓)behindherear.Thenitgotuponallfourfeetandimpatientlystartedtocrosstheroad.Iquicklycheckedforanycars,thenwalkedtotheroadwithmystopsignheldhigh,whistle(吹哨)tomylips,andheldmybreath.Thekoalamadeittotheothersideofthestreet,thencontinuedfollowingthepaththroughthetreesanddisappearedintobushes.Sowhydidthekoalacrossattheschoolcrossing?Tosafelygettothetreesontheotherside!13．Isthewriteraschoolcrossingguardorananimalprotectionvolunteer?14．Wheredidthewriternoticethelittleanimal?