計算機專業英語參考資料

梁永全編

山東科技大學信息科學與工程學院

2008年3月

第一部分詞匯部分

(選自FreeOnlineDictionaryofComputing,wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk)

1、Operatingsystem(操作系統)

16-bitapplication;capability;

32-bitapplication;chain;

386BSD;childprocess;

AccountingFile;chroot;

ActiveDirectory;clipboard;

actor;codesegment;

addressspace;coldboot;

alert;command;

alias;commandinterpreter;

Angel;commandlineinterface;

applicationprogram;CommunicationsServer;

archive;CompatibleTimesharingSystem;

microkernel;context-sensitivemenu;

asynchronous;contextswitch;

AUTOEXEC.BAT;ControlProgram;

A/UX;ConvergentTechnologiesOperatingSystem;

background;cookiefile;

backup;cooperativemultitasking;

bangpath;cron;

BasicInput/OutputSystem;Cshell;

BasicOperatingSystem;daemon;

BasicProgrammingSupport;dataset;

batchfile;datasetorganization;

BerkeleySystemDistribution;Debian;

binaryfile;delete;

block;demon;

blowaway;descriptor;

BlueBox;DesktopManagementInterface;

BlueScreenofLife;devicedriver;

bomb;DiskOperatingSystem;

boot;diskoperatingsystem;

bootblock;DistributedNetworkOperatingSystem;

bootdisk;dotfile;

bootstrap;double-click;

bootstraploader;driver;

BOS;DTSS;

BPS;dump;

Broadway;earliestdeadlinefirst;

BS2000;EntireX;

BSD/OS;environmentvariable;

button;executable;

CAE;executablecontent;

execution;LanManager;

executive;light-weightprocess;

ExtendedSystemConfigurationData;Linux;

ExtensibleShell;LispMachine;

fatalerror;ListEnhanced;

fatalexception;loadbalancing;

fatbinary;lookandfeel;

FCB;MacintoshOperatingSystem;

FDISK;Macintoshuserinterface;

filecontrolblock;MacMinix;

filedescriptor;menu;

filesystem;menubar;

flatfile;microkernel;

folder;MicroslothWindows;

fork;MicrosoftWindows;

GNUNetworkObjectModelEnvironment;MINIX;

GraphicalUserInterface;mousedroppings;

groupidentifier;mousetrails;

HAL;Multics;

hardboot;MultipleVirtualStorage;

HardwareAbstractionLayer;Multi-taskingProgramforMicrocomputers;

HCF;mutualexclusion;

heredocument;namedpipe;

HewlettPackardMultiProcessingExecutive;NetwareInput/OutputSubsystem;

history;NetworkFileSystem;

HostCommandFacility;networkoperatingsystem;

HoustonAutomaticSpoolingProgram;NovellNetWare;

IFS;ObjectLinkingandEmbedding;

InitialMicroprogramLoad;OpenDesktop;

InitialProgramLoad;OpenLook;

InitialProgramLoader;OpenWindows;

input/output;operatingsystem;

input/outputredirection;orphanprocess;

installablefilesystem;page;

installer;pageout;

InteractiveSystemProductivityFacility;paging;

internalfieldseparators;panic;

Inter-processCommunication;parentprocess;

Intrinsics;passphrase;

Intuition;path;

IRIX;pipe;

job;planfile;

JobControlLanguage;pointer;

JobEntrySystem;port;

journalling;portability;

kernel;PortableOperatingSystemInterface;

PowerOpenEnvironment;spool;

pre-emptivemultitasking;spooler;

priorityscheduling;Sprite;

process;standardinput/output;

processidentifier;stickybit;

processtable;stream;

PROMmonitor;swap;

pull-downlist;swapfile;

pull-downmenu;swapspace;

RAMdisk;synchronous;

raremode;SystemAccountManager;

realoperatingsystem;systemcall;

RealtimeDiskOperatingSystem;SystemManagementServer;

Real-TimeOperatingSystem;systemsoftware;

reboot;TapeOperatingSystem;

RedHat;tee;

redirection;TerminalProductivityexecutive;

regularexpression;T.H.E;

RemoteJobEntry;time-sharing;

root;timeslice;

RPM;toolbar;

run-timeenvironment;TransactionProcessingFacility;

run-timelibrary;uninstaller;

sacadm;universalthunk;

same-dayservice;Unix;

sandbox;Unixism;

SCANDISK;Unixmanualpage;

scratchdisk;UnixWare;

scrollablelist;UN*X;

SecureShell;useridentifier;

semaphore;username;

shadowram;vector;Version7;

shebang;VirtualDeviceDriver;

shell;VirtualMachine;

shellscript;VirtualMemorySystem;

shellvariable;VirtualStorageExtended;

signal;warmboot;

SimultaneousPeripheralOperationOn-Line;wildcard;

slack;Win32s;

slackware;windowmanager;

sleep;Windows;

softboot;Windows1;

Solaris;Windows2;

Sonata;Windows2000;

spawn;Windows3.0;

SPOOL;Windows3.1;

Windows3.11;WindowsNT3.5;

Windows/386;WindowsNT4;

Windows94;workflow;

Windows95;XENIX;

Windows98;XWindowSystem;

WindowsApplicationBinaryInterface;YellowBox;

WindowsCE;zombie;

WindowsNT;zombieprocess;

WindowsNT3.1;

2、Algorithm（算法）

Adam7;deterministic;

adaptivelearning;DFS;

AdaptiveTRansformAcousticCoding;DictionaryofAlgorithmsandDataStructures;

admissible;DigitalLempelZiv1;

algorithm;earliestdeadlinefirst;

alpha/betapruning;EDF;

anytimealgorithm;eightqueenspuzzle;

approximationalgorithm;encode;

ArtificialLife;encoder;

A*search;encryption;

assignmentproblem;errordetectionandcorrection;

automaton;Euclid'sAlgorithm;

backtracking;FastFourierTransform;

backwardchaining;filecompression;

balancedtree;FiniteStateMachine;

base64;FirstFit;

Baudotbeticalorder;first-infirst-out;

bestfirstsearch;ForwardErrorCorrection;

BestFit;fractalcompression;

binarysearch;FSM;

branchprediction;Group-SweepingScheduling;

breadthfirstsearch;guaranteedscheduling;

BritishLibraryMethod;Hammingcode;

btoa;hashcoding;

B-tree;heuristic;

Cellularautomaton;hillclimbing;

cocktailshakersort;Hollerithabeticalorder;

complexity;Huffmancoding;

complexityclass;insertionsort;

complexitymeasure;intelligentbacktracking;

computationalcomplexity;InternationalDataEncryptionAlgorithm;

content-basedinformationretrieval;interpolation;

cyclicredundancycheck;JointBi-levelImageExpertsGroup;

datacompression;Lasherism;

depth-firstsearch;lossless;

lossy;puff；

LZHcompression;Ratemonotonicscheduling;

memeticalgorithm;registerallocation;

metaheuristic;registerassignment;

metaphone;round-robin;

modelchecking;RSAencryption;

MovingPictureExpertsGroup;scan;

MPEG-1;Scan-EDF;

MPEG-2;scheduling;

MPEG-3;sequentialcoding;

MPEG-4;shortestjobfirst;

NaglingCoalescence;simplexmethod;

nondeterminism;sort;

one-wayhashfunction;soundex;

partialevaluation;synchronouskeyencryption;

post-ordertraversal;taskscheduling;

progressivecoding;travellingsalesmanproblem;

progressive/sequentialcoding;unify;

3、Computer（計算機）

analoguecomputer;multitasking;

AppleII;notebook;

AppleNewton;palmtop;

computer;personalcomputer;

computeserver;PersonalDigitalAssistant;

DECstation;pocketcalculator;

DeepBlue;PortableCommodore64;

DifferenceEngine;PowerMacintosh;

ElectronicNumericalIntegratorandComputer;pre\box;

embeddedsystem;processorfarm;

graphicworkstation;ProgrammedDataProcessor;

IBMcompatible;quantumcomputer;

IBMPC;RisePC;

IBMPCAT;RISCSystem/6000;

IBMPCXT;SPARCstation20;

laptopcomputer;Sun-2Workstation;

Macintosh;Sun-3Workstation;

MacintoshII;Sun-4Workstation;

MacintoshIlex;supercomputer;

mainframe;wombat;

minicomputer;workstation;

MPC;

4、Hardware（硬件）

AcceleratedGraphicsPort;accelerator;

accesstime;CyberGlove;

acousticcoupler;CyberWand;

activematrixdisplay;DataCommunicationEquipment;

ActiveReconfiguringMessage;dataglove;

AdvancedPowerManagement;DataJack;

AdvancedRISCComputingSpecification;DataTerminalEquipment;

AdvancedTechnologyAttachment;differential;

AdvancedWavEffect;differentialdriver;

aliasing;differentialline;

analoguecomputer;digitalcamera;

Application-SpecificIntegratedCircuit;digitalcarrier;

arrowkey;DigitalSubscriberLineAccessModule;

AsynchronousCommunicationsInterfacediode;

Adapter;Direct-AccessStorageDevice;

AutomaticSendReceive;diskcontroller;

backsidecache;diskdrive;

barrelshifter;diskduplexing;

basememory;diskmirroring;

bidirectionalprinting;display;

binarycounter;displaystandard;

bitmapdisplay;dockingstation;

bit-pairedkeyboard;dotmatrixprinter;

bitsperpixel;dotpitch;

blitter;DualIn-Line;

bridge;DualIn-LinePackage;

bum-in;dumbterminal;

cablemodem;effectivenumberofbits;

cathoderaytube;ElectromagneticCompatibility;

cationiccocktail;ElectrostaticDischarge;

Chadlesskeypunch;encode;

channelserviceunit/encoder;

dataserviceunit;EnhancedCapabilitiesPort;

ChipScalePackaging;EnhancedGraphicsAdapter;

chipset;enhancedparallelport;

click;EnhancedSmallDiskInterface;

coaxialcable;expansioncard;

ColorGraphicsAdapter;expansionslot;

colourpalette;ExtendedCapabilitiesPort;

ColumnAddressStrobe;extendedGraphicsArray;

communicationsport;ExtendedVideoGraphicsArray;

complexprogrammablelogicdevice;extendedVideoGraphicsArray;

ControlandStatusRegister;FastPageModeDynamicRandomAccess

controller;Memory;

coupling;FastSCSI;

cross-platform;featurekey;

cursor;FibreChannel-ArbitratedLoop;

field-programmablegatearray;KeyboardSendReceive;

Filtabyte;line;

Flex;liquidcrystaldisplay;

FlipChipPinGridArray;LispMachine;

floppydisk;localbus;

footprint;LowInsertionForce;

formfactor;LowVoltageDifferential;

frame;magneto-opticaldisk;

framebuffer;MemoryManagementUnit;

framegrabber;MicrowaveHardwareDescriptionLanguage;

frontsidebus;mindmouse;

functionkey;mirror;

gammacorrection;Mockingboard;

gate;modem;

gendermender;module;

GenericArrayLogic;motherboard;

GraphicDisplayInterface;mouse;

graphicsaccelerator;mousemat;

graphicsadaptor;multiplexprinter;

graycode;multiscan;

GunningTransceiverLogic;multisync;

hardware;MultisystemeXtentionInterfaceBus;

hardwarecircularbuffer;MusicalInstrumentDigitalInterface;

HeadDiskAssembly;NetworkDeviceInterfaceSpecification;

heatsink;networkinterfacecontroller;

heatslug;nullmodem;

highcolour;OpticalMarkReader;

HighPerformanceParallelInterface;opticalmouse;

HighSpeedConnect;outputdevice;

highspeedserialinterface;overclocking;

HighVoltageDifferential;pagemode;

horizontalscanrate;PageModeDynamicRandomAccessMemory;

hotswapping;pager;

Human-ComputerInteraction;PAL;

Human-ComputerInterface;parallelport;

HumanInterfaceDevice;passivematrixdisplay;

hydrofluorocarbon;PCIslot;

infantmortality;peripheral;

InformationAppliance;PeripheralComponentInterconnect;

inkjetprinter;persistence;

inputdevice;PinGridArray;

intelligentterminal;pin-out;

interlacing;PipelineBurstCache;

joystick;PlasticPinGridArray;

jukebox;plenumcable;

keyboard;plotter;

point;SnappyVideoSnapshot;

pointingdevice;Socket370;Socket7;Socket8;

pointofsaleterminal;SoundBlaster;

primarycache;speaker;

printedcircuitboard;stackloader;

printerport;SuperVideoGraphicsArray;

ProcessorDirectSlot;SVGA;

programcounter;SVGAmonitor;

ProgrammableArrayLogic;SystemManagementBus;

ProgrammableLogicController;SystemManagementMode;

Programmer'sSwitch;systemunit;

protocolanalyser;taggedqueueing;

purplewire;tallcard;

PVC;tapehead;

RadioFrequencyInterference;Teletype;

RandomAccessMemoryDigital-to-Analogteletypewriter;

Converter;television;

raster;TelevisionInterfaceAdaptor;

rasterblaster;terminal;

refresh;TenninalAccessController;

refreshrate;TerminalAdaptor;

Reliability,Availability,Serviceability;TimeDomainReflectometer;

resolution;touchpad;

right-click;touchscreen;

rootbridge;trackerball;

ScalableCoherentInterface;Trackpoint;

scanline;twistedpair;

SCSI-1;SCSI-2;SCSI-3;UninterruptiblePowerSupply;

SCSIadaptor;UniversalAsynchronousReceiver/Transmitter;

SCSIID;UniversalSerialBus;

SCSIinitiator;verticalrefreshrate;

SCSIreconnect;verticalscanrate;

SCSItarget;VeryLargeScaleIntegration;

sensor;VGA;

serialcommunicationsinterface;VideoGraphicsArray;

serialport;videorandomaccessmemory;

serverroom;VisualDisplayUnit;

shieldedtwistedpair;wavetable;

shortcard;webcam;

SingleConnectionAttach;WhiteBook;

SingleEdgeContact;WhitebookCD-ROM;

SingleEdgeContactCartridge;whitetrash;

SingleEdgeProcessorPackage;WideSCSI;

SingleElectronTunnelingTechnology;winchester;

singleended;WindowRandomAccessMemory;

SmartBatteryData;wratsnest;

ZipDrive;

5、Software（軟件）

BackOffice;Groupwise;

binarypackage;hard-wired;

bomb;HIMEM;

byte-code;Human-ComputerInteraction;

byte-codeinterpreter;Human-ComputerInterface;

CapabilitiesMaturityModel;IntegratedProjectSupportEnvironment;

code;maintainer;

commandlineoption;MultipleMaster;

communicationssoftware;NeverOffline;

ComputerSoftwareConfigurationItem;patch;

cross-platform;process;

digitaldashboard;processortime;

distribution;ProxyServer;

DynamicDriveOverlay;RevisionControlSystem;

eight-bitclean;shareware;

EnterpriseApplicationIntegration;sourcecodeescrow;

event;sourcepackage;

expandedmemorymanager;switch;

extendedmemorymanager;transient;

GeneralPublicVirus;wallclocktime;

6、Memorymanagement（存儲器管理）

bufferedwrite-through;pagefault;

cache;physicaladdress;

demandpaging;physicalmemory;

memorymanagement;secondarycache;

MemoryManagementUnit;virtualmemory;

memoryprotection;write-back;

no-writeallocation;

7、Application（應用程序）

0/1knapsackproblem;constraintsatisfaction;

ArtificialLife;courseware;

bulletinboardsystem;dataprocessing;

BusinessApplicationProgrammingInterface;DecisionSupportSystems;

CAE;desktoppublishing;

CAM;edutainment;

CA-Telon;electroniccommerce;

compression;electronicdatainterchange;

ComputerAidedDesign;ElectronicDataProcessing;

ComputerAidedEngineering;ElectronicDesignAutomation;

Computer-AidedInstruction;electronicfundstransfer;

Computer-BasedTraining;EnterpriseResourcePlanning;

fourcolourmaptheorem;NLP;

GeographicInformationSystem;numbercrunching;

Go;pornography;

graphcolouring;ProgrammableAirlineReservationSystem;

inews;screenreader;

InternationalProgramma