Unit10JiangmenI.Leadin:Generalintroduction

JiangmenCitycovering9418000sqmetersissituatedinthemid-southofGuangdongProvince,westofthePearlRiverDelta.Amongthe290thousandsofpopulation,90%ofthemareoverseasChinesefromHongKong,MacaoandTaiwanconstitutingabout10%ofthetotaloverseasChineseofChina,soitisaveryfamousoverseashomelandofChina.Jiangmenareaisthesubtropicalzonemonsoonclimate,itsannualprecipitationis2000millimetersandtheannualaveragetemperatureis21.8.JiangmenisthehubofcommunicationsofthesouthpartofGuangdongProvinceandthewater-landtransshipmentstationbetweenGuangzhou,ZhanjiangandHainan.TheJiangmenportisthesecondbiggestriverportofGuangdong.XijiangandTanjiangwaterwaysintheareaprovidetheconvenienceofriver-seatransport:thereisanavigablewaytoGuangzhou,WuzhouofGuangxi,HongKongandMacao,95nauticalmilestoHongKong,53nauticalmilestoMacao.StateHighway325runningfromGuangzhoutoZhanjiangcrossesthecity.Foshan-KapingExpressway,andJiangmen-HeshanExpresswayhavebeenputtotraffic.JiangmenisafinecityfortourisminChinawithmajortouristspotslikeDonghuAmusementPark,BaishuidaiTouristHolidayingArea,ChenBaishaMemorialHall,ChaAnTemple,Guyuanzhou,HongshengTemple,theBirdsParadiseofXinhui,YamenFort,CiyuanTempleofYashan,theOldResidenceofLiangQichao,thescenicspotsofGuifengshan,ChishiTouristScenicSpot,GudoushanTouristScenicSpot,theTouristHolidayingAreasofShangchuanandXiachuanIslands,TaishanHotSpring,ShihuashanScenicSpot,AofengshanTouristSpotofEnping,JinshanHotSpring,DiduHotSpringDayanshanScenicSpotofHeshan,LiGardenofKaipingandLiangjinshanTouristSpot,etc.ScenicSpotAreaKaipingDiaolouandVillagesLiyuanGardenGuifengMountainNationalForestParkXinhuiBird’sParadiseKaipingDiaolouandVillagesKaipingDiaolouandVillages,locatedinKaipingCity,GuangdongProvince,wereapprovedasanationalculturalheritagesitein2001,andwerelistedontheUNESCOWorldHeritageListinJune2007.TheKaipingDiaolouarefortifiedmulti-storiedtower-likestructuresthatexquisitelyintegratetheWesternarchitecturalstylewiththeChinesearchitecturalstyle.KaipingDiaolou&VillagesKaipingDiaolouThebeautifulDiaolouThemajesticDiaolouofKaipingwithsquarewindowsistingedwithrosysunshine.BeautifulDiaolouTheDiaolousofKaipingwithRomandomestouchthefloatingcloudsTheUniqueFeaturesofDiaolouTheuniqueRuishiDiaolouofKaipingfeaturesaByzantinestyleroofandaRomandomesupportedbywallsandpillars.TypicalStructureinKaipingRuishiDiaolouofKaipingwithsquarewindowsandthetopthreefloorsofpavilionsandwindingcorridorsTheReflectionofDiaolouThesimplegrayDiaolousofKaipingstandagainsttheblueskylikeoldmentellingwhathadhappenedinthepast.DiaolouStructureinKaipingThesimpleDiaolouofKaipingblendsperfectlywiththerusticlandscapeTourGuideBuiltinthelateperiodoftheMingDynasty(1368-1644),theKaipingDiaolouisaspecialcomplexrepresentingamixedstyleofChineseandwesternarchitecture.WiththedevelopmentoftheoverseasChinesecultureintheearly20thcentury,theKaipingDiaolouandVillagesbecameahighlightoftheregionalculture.Actually,theblockhouse-likeconstructionsusedtobetheshelteringharborsofthelocalresidents.Onaverage,eachvillagehasatleastoneDiaoloubuildingandtherearetotally1,833buildings.Itissuggestedthatthebestwaytotravelthevillagesisbybike.Herearetwoitinerariesforvisitorstochoose:thefirstone,togothroughtheChikanTown,BaiheTownandXiangangTown;theotherone,tovisittheTangkouTown.Especially,whenyoutravelinTangkouTown,theLiyuanGardenofKaipingisworthvisiting.ItwasaprivategardenbuiltbyanoverseasChinesemannamedXieWeiliin1926andittooktenyearstocompletetheentiregarden.Coveringanareaofover4.8acres,thegardenhasthefeatureofChinesetraditionalgardenandthewesternarchitecture.LiyuanGarden

LiGardenwasabuiltbyanOverseasChineseAmerican,Mr.XieWeiLi,around1926andfinishedin1936.ThegardenblendsharmoniouslytheelementsofChinesetraditionalgardening,SouthernChinawater-townstylelandscapingandWesternarchitecture.Thegardenisarrangedinthreemainareas:grandgarden,mansionsandsmallgarden.Eachareaiscarefullyseparatedbyman-madecanalswhileconnectedelegantlybyfootbridgesandpathways.Thedesignofthegardenreflectstheideaofisolationandintegration.Theentranceofthegrandgardenhasastonearched-gatewhichdeclarestheresidencyoftheXiefamilyintwolarge,handwrittencharacters,“LiGarden”.Thegrandgardenincorporatesawalk-insizebirdcage,asmallpondandaflowerpavilionalongwithvarioustreesandplants.Standinginthegrandgardenaretwosteelpolescalledthe“tigerwhip”whichwerebuilttoscareawayevilspirits.LiyuanGardenThesmallgardenisanaturalisticgardenbulitatthefootofTigerHillandfilledwiththerichfoliageoftreesandplants.Thesmallgardenisusedforrelaxationandasafamilyplaygroundforchildren.Vinepavilion

TigerMoutain

TheStatecouncilplacedLiGardenonthelistoftheNationalCulturalRelics.LiGardenwasratedanAAAAgradetouristsitebytheNationalTouristBureau.StairsinPanLiMansion

EveningSceneDiaolouClustersTherearemanydiaolouclustersinKaiping,includingChikanzhenYinglongLou,JinjiangliDiaolouCluster,ZilicunDiaolouClusterandFangshiDenglou.ChikanzhenYinglongLouistheoldestpreserveddiaolouinKaiping.ItwasbuiltduringthereignofEmperorWanglioftheMingDynasty(1368-1644).ItislocatedinSanmenliVillage,ChikanzhenTownship,aboutsixkilometers(aboutfourmiles)eastofdowntownKaiping.'Yinglong'inChinesemeans'welcomingorgreetingdragons'.IntheChineseculture,thedragonisthesymbolofauspiciousness.Thename'Yinglong'impliesthattheconstructionofthediaolouwillbringpeoplesafety,fortuneandhappiness.YinglongLouretainstheprimitivemodelofdiaolou.Itisatraditionalsquarestructureandisnotinfluencedbywesternarchitecturalstyles.DiaolouClustersZilicunDiaolouClusterconsistsofninediaolous.ItislocatedinZilicunVillage,TanGkouTownship,KaipingCity.Itsresidentialhousesarecompatiblewiththesurroundings.ThemostexquisitediaolousinKaipingarelocatedintheJinjiangliDiaolouCluster.ItissituatedatJinjiangliVillage,XianggangTownship,northeastofKaiping.BehindthevillagestandRuishiDiaolou,ShengfengLou,andJinjiangLou.RuishiDiaolouisthetallestdiaolouinKaiping.Thediaolou,auniquestructure,notonlysymbolizesthefusionofChineseandWesternarchitecturalstyles,butalsoembodiestheassimilationoftwodifferentcultures.ZiliVillageandtheFangClanWatchTowerZiliVillageliesinTangkouTownship,KaipingCity,about25kilometreseastofdowntownKaiping.ItissituatedonthewestbankoftheZhenhaiRiver,atributaryoftheTanjiangRiver,inthemiddleofaflat,irrigatedplain.Thevillageconsistsofthreeseparatesub-villageareas.Thereare82villagehouses,occupying(withtheirinterveningareasofopenspace,lanes,etc)83,224squaremetres.Ofthese,thefirstHeanlihas19houses,occupying17,550squaremetres,thesecondHeanlihas50housesoccupying56,730squaremetres,andYong’anlihas13housesoccupying8,944squaremetres.Thepresentresidentpopulationis179,in63households,with248villagerscurrentlylivingoverseas,mostlyintheU.S.A,Canada,Australia,Singapore,Malaysia,andIndonesia.Mostoftoday’sfarminghouseholdsinZiliVillagehaverelativeslivingoverseas.Remittancesfromabroadareanimportanteconomicelementinthelifeoftheresidentialhousehold.Thelife-styleofthevillagersissimple,honest,dignified,

optimistic,open-minded,andunsophisticated.TheFangClanWatchTowerTheFangClanWatchTowerisbuiltabout1.5kilometressouthofZiliVillageontopofahill.ItwasbuiltcommunallybyZiliVillageandseveralotherFangclanvillagesinthevicinityofZiliVillageinthe9thYearoftheRepublic(1920).Thesevariousvillagesalldonatedmoneytotheconstruction.

theDiaolouinZiliVillage

MingshiLou,ZiliVillageThehallinthe1stfloorofMingshiLou

TheYunhuanLouTheDistantviewofTheFangClanWatchTowerTheHistoricTownofChikanChikanisancienttownestablishedduringtheQingDynastyunderthegovernanceofEmperorShunzhi.with350yearsofhistorychikanevolvedfromacountrymarketplaceintothebusinesscompetitionbetweentheGuanandsitufamilies.Memorialfamilylibrarieswerebuiltbyeachfamilyandbothlibrariesbecamelandmarksofchikan.Thestreetsandbuildingsinchikan,astheycurrentlyexist,weremostlybuiltduringtheendofthe19thcenturyandbeginningofthe20thcenrutyandbyOverseasChinesereturningtotheirvillages.TheoverseasChineseincorporatedelementsofWesternarchitectureintotheirnewhomes.Thebuildingswerethree-storystructureswithastorefrontonthestreetlevelandtworesidentialupperfloors.Althoughthebuildingsdidnothavemuchdecorativedetails,eachbuildingwasbuiltwithabalconyfacingtheTanjiangRiverwhichflowedalonganddividedthetown.thebalconycalledQilouinlocaldialectbecameaprominentarchitecturalfeatureinchikan.Hightlights:Whilechikanevokesfondmemoriesofapastgloriouslife,itisstillverylivelywithdeliciouslocalfoods,folkarts,fishingboats,oldbanyantrees,600oldQiloubuilingsandfriendlypeople,itisatownwithauniquepresenceinthemiddleofthesurroundingcropfieldsandTanjiangRiver.TanjingRiverandStreetscapeofQilouBuildingsTheBridgebeyondTanjiangRiverForeignFamilyinChikanTheFamilyinChikanII.Cleartheway:Languagepoints

townshipn.atownortownandtheareaaroundit,thathascertainpowersoflocalgovernment市鎮(zhèn)nominatev.(for,as)tosuggestorname(someone)officiallyforaposition,office,duty,honour,etc.提名，推薦；applicationn.(for,to)(theactofmaking)arequest,esp.officiallyandinwriting(尤指正式和書面的)申請，請求worldculturalheritage世界文化遺產demonstratev.toshowordescribeclearly表明，示范，演示representativea.(of)typical;beinganexampleofwhatothermembersofthesamegroup典型的，代表性的boominga.growingrapidlyinactivity,valueorimportance繁榮的，興盛的8.combinev.(with)tojointogether,toformasingleunitorwhole;unite(使)結合，(使)組合，(使)合并9.indicatev.topointout,drawattentionto;toshowormakeclear,esp.bymeansofasign表示；指明10.variousa.of(many)differentkinds各種各樣的11.valuen.theusefulness,helpfulness,orimportanceofsomething;theworthofsomethinginmoney重要性，益處；價值12.defencen.theactorprocessofdefending防御，防衛(wèi)，保護13.dwellingn.fmlorhumorahouseorflat,etc.,wherepeoplelive住所，住處，寓所14.jointdefence共同防御15.functionv.[I](esp.ofathing)tobeinaction;work;operate發(fā)揮作用，運行16.fundsn.asupplyorsumofmoneysetapartforaspecialpurpose基金，專款17.banditn.anarmedrobber,esp.oneofanarmedbandwhoattacktravellersinwildplaces強盜，土匪18.sealv.tofastenorclose(asif)withaseal封裝，封19.symboln.(of)somethingwhichrepresentsorsuggestssomethingelse,suchasanideaorquality象征；標記，符號，記號20.colonnaden.arowofpillars(=uprightstoneposts)usu.supportingarooforrowofarches柱廊21.terracen.aflatareanexttoahouseusu.withastonefloor,usedasoutdoorlivingarea平臺，陽臺；屋頂平臺22.recedinga.slopingbackwards;movingbackoraway向后傾斜的;后退的23.over-hanginga.hangingover(something)orstickingoutover(something)懸在……之上;突出于……之上24.lime-sand-claytowers泥樓，夯土樓25.reflectv.toexpress,makeclear,orbeasignof;show反映26.aesthetica.oforshowingahighlydevelopedsenseofbeauty,esp.inart美學(上)的;美感的27.impactn.(on)anesp.strongorpowerfulinfluenceoreffectcausedorproducedbyanidea,invention,event,etc.作用,影響28.externala.(to)on,of,orfortheoutside;foreign外國的；外面的29.reinforcev.toaddstrengthorsupportto;makestrongerorfirmer加強,加固30.cementn.agreypowder,madefromlimeandclay水泥III.Discussion1.What’stheadministrativedivisionofjiangmen?2.WhatarethemainattractionsofJiangmen?3.WhatarethefeaturesofKaipingDiaolouandvillages?KaipingDiaolouandVillagesRuishiWatchTowerTheTianluLouLiyuanGardenRuishiWatchtowerTheRuishiWatchtowerislocatedbehindJinjianglivillage,Xiangangtown.Coveringanareaof92squaremeters,RuishiWatchtowerwasconstructedin1923andhasninefloors,makingitthehighestwatchtowerinKaipingCity.Eachfloorhasdelicatewindowdecorations;onthetopthreefloorstherearepavilionsandwindingcorridors.YoucanseetheuniqueByzantinestyleroofandRomanesquedomesupportedbywallsandpillars.RuishiWatchTowerRuishiWatchTowerSanmenliVillageTheMajianglongVillageClusterJinjiangliVillageJinjiangliVillageTheRuishiLouisbuiltclosetotheeastsideoftheJinjiangLouandisclosetothemainaccesspathtothevillage.ItwasbuiltbyHuangBixiu,avillagerofJinjiangLou,inthe12thYearoftheRepublic(1923).HereturnedfromHongKongtobuildit.Thetowerisninestoreys(28.37metres)high.Withthecourtyardinwhichitstandsitoccupies232.36squaremetres,anditsbuiltfloorareais552.21squaremetres.TheRuishiLouisbuiltofreinforcedconcrete.Thecement,steelbars,glass,timber,andothermaterialsusedintheconstructionwereallimportedfromHongKong.ThetotalcostcametoHK$30,000.IV.Additionalscenicspots:

1.XinhuiBirdParadise

Birds'ParadiseinXinhuiofSouthChina'sGuangdongProvinceisaplacewherehundredsofthousandsofbirdsflockthroughouttheyear.ThetropicalnaturalsceneryatXinhuiBird'sParadiseoffersurbandwellerspeaceofmind.Theyear-longwarmclimateoffersanidealrefugeforbirdsfromnorthChinaandthenearbySouthChinaSea.Theareahasinrecentyearsbecomeawell-knownecologicaltravelspotthankstotheflourishingbirds'habitatandlakesidelandscape.About380yearsago,abanianwithmoreintheriverhasbeenmultipliedforalongtime,andnowitformsanaturalbeautifulscenicspot.Itsbranchesandleavescoversome10,000squaremeters,therearethousandsofbirdliveinthebanian.In1933,arenownedliterti---Mr.Bajinhadwrittenalyricprose."TheBird'sParadise"afterhevisitedsuchmarvelousscenerybyboat.TheBird'sParadiseisnamedafterthatnowadays,anditwaslaterselectedasatextbookforprimarystudents.Sincethen,Birds'Islandhasgonefromstrengthtostrengthinthepopularimagination.Visitorsarenotallowedtosetfootontheisland.XinhuiParadiseforBirdsA500-year-oldbanyantreewithluxuriantfoliagecoversahectareinarea,makingitanidealhomeformorethantenspeciesofbirds,mostofwhicharethewhitecranesandthegraycranes.RongyinWaterwayGiantBanyanTreeGuanniaoCorridorGuanniaoLouBird’sParadiseBird’sParadiseBird’sparadiseBird’sParadise2.GuifengMountainThemountainissituatedinXinhuiDistrictandthisfamousscenicspothaselevatedtoanationalforestparkandranksasoneofthefamoustouristzonesinGuangdong.Theloftymountains,emeraldforestandlakesgivethemountainendlessvigor.ThereareregularbusespassingbythemountaininJiangmenGeneralBusStationandXinhuiGeneralBusStationinXinhuiDistrict.SituatedinXinhuidistrictinJiangmenCity,GuifengMountainNationalForestParkisrankedasoneofthemostfamousmountainsinGuangdongProvince.ThescenicspotsworthvisitingincludeYutaiTemple,JadeLake,andPalmArtGarden.TheredautumnleavesofGuifengMountainarecomparabletothoseofFragrantHillsParkofBeijingbecausethereareextensiveareasofmapletrees.Everyfall,themountainiscoveredwithscarletleavesandthemagnificentviewattractsnumerousvisitors.ScenicSpotArea1.YutaiTemple

YutaiTempleisoneofthefourmostfamoustemplesofGuangdong.ItwasbuiltintheEasternHanDynasty(25-220)andreacheditsheydayintheTangDynasty(618-907).ThesublimetemplehasmanyimposingBuddhiststructures,includingtheHallofHeavenlyKings,BellTower,DrumTower,HallofGreatHero,SutraDepository,Kwan-yinHallandZendo.TheTianwang(HeavenlyKing)Pagoda,builtduringtheYuanDynasty(1271-1368),istheonlyLamapagodaofGuangdongProvince.Ruquan(MilkSpring)WellisamiracleoftheGuifengMountainandyoucanfinditnotfarfromtheYutaiTemple.Theconstantspringiscoolandsweet,anditisamysterythattheivory-whitewaterhasthetasteofmilk,whichisespeciallyobviousinwinter.ScenicSpotArea2.JadeLake

TheJadeLakeisthemaintouristresortandaplaceofrecreation.Adelicatelyelegantpavilion,whichresemblesabloomingflower,liesinthecenterofthelake.Therearearchbridgesamongtherockworksinthelake,andtouristscanswimandboatinthelakeorhaveawalkalongthebankstoappreciatethepicturesquescenery.Thelakebecomesespeciallycharmingatnightwithsparklingbonfiresandcolorfulshininglights.Thenationalforestparkalsohasawell-equippedsportsparkonagrandscale,providingice-skating,rowing,grass-skiing,rock-climbing,go-kartingandotherpopularsports,aswellasbarbecues.3.PalmArtGarden

ThePalmArtGardenistheonlygardenintheworldwhichfeaturespalmart.Thegardenrepresentsthemorethan1,000-yearhistorypalmartofXinhuiCity.Watchingtheliveproductionofpalmarthandicrafts,youwillexperiencetheintricacyofpalmartandappreciatetheoutstandingcreations.TourTips:

1.GuangzhouBaiyunInternationalAirporthasopenedtheAirportExpresswhichgreatlyshortensthetriptotheairporttocirca110minutes.VisitorscancheckinaheadoftimeintheairportterminalestablishedbytheBaiyunAirportinJiangmenCity.Inaddition,thecompletionoftheJiangmen-ZhuhaiExpresswaymakesthejourneytoZhuhaiAirportreducefromprevioustwohourstoonehour.AllthesegreatlyfacilitatethetransportgettinginandoutofJiangmen.2.JiangmentoHongKongandMacauferryterminalliesintheJiangmenHi-techDevelopmentZone.Everyday,therearethreeshipstoHongKongandonetoMacau.DuetothepublicholidaysofHongKong,shipsbetweentheferryterminalsofJiangmenandHongKongwillrearrangetheships.YutaiTempleYutaiTempleJadeLakeJakeLakeGuifengMountainNationalForestParkinJiangmenGuifengMountainNationalForestParkinJiangmen

MapleTreesJadeLakePalmArtGardenV.In-classacvitity:Translation

1.這些是開平碉樓建筑鼎盛時期最古老、最具代表性的碉樓。2、開平碉樓的主要功能是防御和居住，按使用功能可以分為更樓，眾樓和居樓三種類型。3、更樓大多建在村口，村外的山崗或河岸，主要起到預警的作用。4、碉樓的建筑造型反映著樓主人的經(jīng)濟實力、審美情趣和受外來建筑文化影響的程度，這是開平碉樓最引人入勝的地方。5、若從建筑材料和結構來分，碉樓可以分為四種：石樓、夯土樓、磚樓、混凝土樓。6.Thefivenominatedplaceslistedforapplicationforworldculturalheritagearelocatedinthesefourtownships.7.Suchtowerswellcombinethetwopurposes.High,spaciousandnice-lookingaswellasconvenientforliving,theyareusuallythesymbolsofavillage.8.TheupperpartoftheDiaolousisbuiltintheformofcolonnade,terrace,recedingterrace,over-hanging,castleandmixtureofdifferentstyles.9.TheCommunalTowerswerebuiltintherearpartwiththefundsraisedbyallvillagersormanyhouseholds.Eachfamilyhadoneroomtohidethemselvesincaseofbandits'attack.Suchtowerswerebuiltinasealedandsimplewayforthepurposeofdefence.10.Theearlybricktowerswereofbrick-woodstructure.Later,theyweremostlyofbrick-concretestructure.Thesteelreinforcedconcretebuildingsweremostlyseenintheplainareas.KeystotheExercises

1.ThesearetheearliestandmostrepresentativeD