高考一輪語法語法專題突破之詞性轉(zhuǎn)換詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

目錄一命題規(guī)律名詞在句中常作主語、賓語、表語或定語等，動(dòng)詞作謂語與非謂語，形容詞作表語、定語，副詞作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子；根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞及語境來確定比較等級(jí)；根據(jù)名詞前的數(shù)詞、量詞、冠詞等修飾語以及主謂一致原則來確定名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。二備考策略

第一步：確定是否考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換；第二步：確定轉(zhuǎn)換形式三基本知識(shí)提示詞為動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、數(shù)詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換四真題訓(xùn)練

近幾年高考詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的專題訓(xùn)練五思路點(diǎn)撥1.

作主語或賓語用名詞形式。2.

在形容詞性物主代詞、冠詞(+形容詞)、不定代詞(some,any,alotof等)、介詞后還沒有名詞時(shí)，就用名詞形式。3.

作定語、表語或補(bǔ)足語用形容詞形式。4.

作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或另一副詞，或修飾全句，用副詞。

5.

當(dāng)所給詞的詞性與空格處所需詞的詞性相同時(shí)，無需改變詞性，而可能是只加上改變詞義但不改變詞性的前綴或后綴，也可能用其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。六考點(diǎn)歸納高頻考點(diǎn)：1.

形容詞→副詞

2.名詞與形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換3.

動(dòng)詞→名詞4.

名詞/形容詞→動(dòng)詞5.

動(dòng)詞/名詞→表示人的名詞6.

動(dòng)詞與形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換7.

表示否定的前綴與后綴七考點(diǎn)練透再次鞏固所掌握的知識(shí)點(diǎn)體系并能靈活應(yīng)用命題規(guī)律：名詞在句中常作主語、賓語、表語或定語等，動(dòng)詞作謂語與非謂語，形容詞作表語、定語，副詞作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子；根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞及語境來確定比較等級(jí)；根據(jù)名詞前的數(shù)詞、量詞、冠詞等修飾語以及主謂一致原則來確定名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。備考策略：第一步：確定是否考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換

提示詞為形容詞、副詞、名詞或代詞時(shí)，首先要考慮詞形轉(zhuǎn)換；提示詞為動(dòng)詞，且該動(dòng)詞在句中既不作謂語，也不作非謂語，則要考慮動(dòng)詞詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。第二步：確定轉(zhuǎn)換形式

根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)以及設(shè)空處所作成分進(jìn)一步分析，最終確定正確的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換形式。基本知識(shí)：技法1提示詞為動(dòng)詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換提示詞為動(dòng)詞，如果既不是謂語動(dòng)詞，也不是非謂語動(dòng)詞，則考慮動(dòng)詞詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。動(dòng)詞是轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞還是形容詞，則根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)以及空處所作成分進(jìn)一步分析。1.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞(1)v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞，表示“狀態(tài)或行為”celebrate→celebration慶祝compete→competition

比賽pollute→pollution

污染educate→education

教育possess→possession

擁有(2)v.＋-ment轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞，表示“行為或結(jié)果”develop→development

發(fā)展announce→announcement

宣布argue→argument

爭論；論據(jù)encourage→encouragement

鼓勵(lì)(3)v.＋-r/-er/-or轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞，表示“人”perform→performer

表演者settle→settler

移民者educate→educator

教育家direct→director

導(dǎo)演visit→visitor

訪問者(4)v.＋-ure轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞fail→failure失敗;

mix→mixture混合；press→pressure壓;

depart→departure分離(5)后綴-th結(jié)尾的名詞grow→growth生長

die→death

死deep→depth深

wide→width

寬warm→warmth溫暖

true→truth

真實(shí)(6)后綴-ance/-ence結(jié)尾的名詞exist→existence

存在

guide→guidance指導(dǎo)(7)后綴-al結(jié)尾的名詞arrive→arrival到達(dá)

approve→approval

贊成

survive→survival

活了下來2.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞(1)v.＋-able轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞accept→acceptable可接受的adapt→adaptable

能適應(yīng)的adjust→adjustable

可調(diào)節(jié)的afford→affordable

負(fù)擔(dān)得起的(2)v.＋-ed/-ing轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞confuse→confused

感到困惑的worry→worried

擔(dān)心的excite→exciting

令人激動(dòng)的；令人興奮的(3)v.＋-ive轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞impress→impressive

給人深刻印象的instruct→instructive

有教育意義的(4)v.＋-ful/-less轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞doubt→doubtful

懷疑的forget→forgetful

健忘的thank→thankful

感激的hope→hopeless

不抱希望的技法2提示詞為名詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)若提示詞名詞有以下情況時(shí)要考慮名詞的復(fù)數(shù)：(1)有數(shù)詞或these、

those、

several、

few、

many、

all、

both、

various、

different等詞修飾時(shí)，用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；(2)名詞前有oneof時(shí)，用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；(3)若謂語動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，則空處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。2.名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則(1)大部分單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)一般直接加s；如果是以ch、

sh、

s、

x等結(jié)尾的單詞，則一般加es：trees、

bikes、

books、

buses、

watches、

boxes、

bushes；(2)輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i再加es；但元音字母＋y結(jié)尾的單詞，則直接加s：babies、

families、

boys、

plays；(3)以o結(jié)尾的單詞除了兩人(negro、

hero)、兩菜(tomato、

potato)加es外，其余一般加s：radios、

photos；(4)以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞，通常變f、

fe為v再加es：wives、

knives、

wolves；(5)特殊變化：man→men、

woman→women、

tooth→teeth、

foot→feet、

child→children、

mouse→mice；(6)單復(fù)數(shù)同形：

Chinese、

Japanese、

people、

sheep、

deer、

fish。3.名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞提示詞為名詞，如果作定語修飾后面的名詞時(shí)，則一般考查名詞變形容詞。注意名詞變形容詞的后綴：(1)n.＋-ablehonor→honorable可敬的(2)n.＋-alnature→natural

自然的；天生的music→musical

音樂的；悅耳的(3)n.＋-fulcolour→colourful

顏色鮮艷的meaning→meaningful有意義的(4)n.＋-en：wood→wooden

木質(zhì)的(5)n.＋-y：wealth→wealthy

富有的4.名詞的所有格提示詞與其后的名詞是所屬關(guān)系，

應(yīng)考慮名詞的所有格。(1)單數(shù)名詞和不以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞通常在詞尾加's；(2)以-s或-es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，通常在詞尾加'。技法3提示詞為形容詞、副詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1.形容詞、副詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞是形容詞且需要改變詞性時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮用派生的副詞或名詞；(2)若空處作定語、表語則應(yīng)考慮用形容詞形式；(3)若空處修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，則應(yīng)考慮用副詞形式；(4)若空處在介詞后，應(yīng)考慮用名詞作賓語。2.形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則(1)以-e結(jié)尾的形容詞一般不去e，直接加-ly：immediate→immediately,brave→bravely。(2)一些以-e結(jié)尾的形容詞去e加-(l)y：true→truly,simple→simply,gentle→gently,possible→possibly。(3)“輔音字母＋-y”結(jié)尾，變y為i，再加-ly：happy→happily,easy→easily。(4)以-ic結(jié)尾的形容詞加-ally：economic→economically,basic→basically。3.形容詞、副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)(1)利用標(biāo)志詞確定比較等級(jí)①題目中有much、

far、

still、

even、

rather、

alittle、

abit、

alot、

agreatdeal、

than等標(biāo)志性詞匯時(shí)用比較級(jí)；②空后有表示范圍的標(biāo)志詞in、

of、

among等時(shí)用最高級(jí)；③空前有oneofthe等修飾詞時(shí)，用最高級(jí)。(2)利用固定句型“the＋比較級(jí)．..，the＋比較級(jí)．..”表示“越……，就越……”。(3)利用隱含信息判斷句中雖沒有標(biāo)志詞，但暗含比較，也需要用比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。技法4提示詞為代詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換提示詞為代詞，當(dāng)句子缺少主語、賓語、定語或表語時(shí)，一般填代詞；確定填代詞之后，再看空處所填代詞是否與上文提到的人或物有指代關(guān)系。具體方法如下：(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作主語，應(yīng)考慮人稱代詞的主格形式；(2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作賓語，應(yīng)考慮人稱代詞的賓格形式；(3)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作定語，應(yīng)考慮形容詞性物主代詞；(4)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語，且和主語是同一人時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮反身代詞。一、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞一覽表人稱類別單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱人稱代詞主格Iyouhe/she/itweyouthey賓格meyouhim/her/itusyouthem物主代詞形容詞性myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshis/hers/itsoursyourstheirs反身代詞myselfyourselfhimself/herself/itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves二、牢記代詞的句法功能1．作主語：人稱代詞主格。2．作賓語/表語：人稱代詞賓格和名詞性物主代詞。3．作定語：形容詞性物主代詞。4．如果賓語與主語是指同一人，用反身代詞。5．填it的情況：作形式主語或形式賓語；指代前面提到的同一個(gè)事物或情況。6．that、

those作替代詞，用來代替已提到的名詞，以避免重復(fù)。技法5提示詞為數(shù)詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1.基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞(1)一般由基數(shù)詞加-th構(gòu)成：six→sixthseven→seventhten→tenthhundred→hundredth(2)以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞，先把y變?yōu)閕e，再加-th：twenty→twentieththirty→thirtieth(3)不規(guī)則變化：one→firsttwo→secondthree→thirdfive→fiftheight→eighthnine→ninthtwelve→twelfth2.年齡、年代表達(dá)法(1)表達(dá)“在某人幾十多歲”時(shí)，用“inone's＋整十基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”，如：inone'sfifties

在某人五十多歲時(shí)；(2)表達(dá)“在幾十年代時(shí)”，用“inthe＋整十基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”，如：inthethirties

在三十年代。真題訓(xùn)練：1.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·56)

Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings)，

thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,

____56____

(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空前的hot和空后的soup可知，此處應(yīng)用

tasty的形容詞形式tasty作定語修飾soup，表示

“美味的”的意思，故填tasty。2.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·64)

NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris

____64____

(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleftwanting

morenexttime.【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。該空用rare的副詞形式rarely修飾enough，故填rarely。3.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷·57)

Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableand

___57___

(confidence)speakingEnglish.【解析】考查形容詞。根據(jù)設(shè)空處前的and可知，本空與前文的comfortable并列，共同作feel的表語，故填confident。4.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷·63)

___63___

(basic),howtodescribeapanda’slife.It’sbeenanhonortowatchthepandaprogrammedevelop

and

toseethepandassettleintotheirnewhome.【解析】考查副詞。設(shè)空處修飾整個(gè)句子，故填副詞Basically。5.(2023年全國甲卷·62)

Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop’sfablesdatetothe

___62___

(six)century,B.C.Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,

as

RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow.”【解析】考查序數(shù)詞。設(shè)空處所在部分表示“公元前六世紀(jì)”，故填序數(shù)詞sixth，

“the+序數(shù)詞+century”表示第幾世紀(jì)，故填sixth。6.(2023年全國甲卷·67)

___67___

(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson’sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。

設(shè)空處所在部分作表語，說明Carson’sstory的情況。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示

“與傳統(tǒng)的寓言故事不同”，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填形容詞，又因設(shè)空處位于句首，故填Different。7.(2023年全國甲卷·69)

However,Carson’sthemeisamoreweighty

___69___

(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.【解析】考查名詞。設(shè)空處被amoreweighty

修飾，且在句中作表語，故填名詞warning。8.(2023年全國乙卷·69)

The

____69____

(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedto

protectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,

means

thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處在句中作定語修飾名詞development，應(yīng)用形容詞，故填remarkable，

意為

“顯著的，非凡的”。9.(2022年新高考Ⅰ卷·63)The

GPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandas,and_____________(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.【解析】修飾動(dòng)詞achieve作狀語，應(yīng)用副詞，故填eventually。10.(2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·58)Mrs.BrownwasatworkandEricwasathomewithhisfather.Theybothfell________(sleep)whilewatchingTV.【解析】作表語應(yīng)用形容詞，fallasleep可理解為固定搭配，意為“熟睡的”，故填asleep。11.(2022年新高考Ⅱ卷·60)Whenhelookeddown,he_____________(accidental)slippedandfellovertheedge.【解析】修飾動(dòng)詞slipped應(yīng)用副詞為accidentally，表示“意外地，失誤地”，故填accidentally。12.(2022年全國甲卷·66)Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore___________(meaning).【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處是“make+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“使某人/某物……”，且前有副詞even修飾，應(yīng)用形容詞形式，故填meaningful。13.

(2022年全國乙卷·65)Chinahasa______________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.【解析】由空前的不定冠詞a可知，空格處應(yīng)填名詞，故填responsibility。14.

(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·58)Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwill______________(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!【解析】修飾動(dòng)詞help，應(yīng)用副詞，故填undoubtedly。15.(2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·61)Itoldhimhow_________(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.【解析】該處為how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，how之后接形容詞，故填harmful。16.(2021年新高考Ⅱ卷·64)Acompany_____________(represent)wrote

back

and

told

me

the

airlinewasswitching

over

fromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.【解析】由考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。該空作句子主語且前有不定冠詞修飾，

用名詞，

又由句意可知此處表示“人”，故填representative。17.(2021年全國甲卷·50)…westoppedatthedifferentgatesandwatchtowerstotakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir_______(day)routines.【解析】在名詞routines前作定語，用形容詞，dailyroutines表示“日常生活”，故填daily。18.(2021年全國乙卷·62)…(I)oftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe________________(develop)ofthelocalareas.【解析】在冠詞the與介詞of之間應(yīng)填名詞，表示“發(fā)展”，故填development。19.(2021年全國乙卷·68)Provide_________(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.【解析】在名詞aid前作定語應(yīng)用形容詞，故填financial。20.(2020年全國Ⅰ卷·64)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular________(interesting)to

scientists

becauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),

moresothanthefamiliarnearside.【解析】此處為“be+of+n.”結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于“be+adj.”，故填interest。21.(2020年全國Ⅰ卷·62)Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis___________(extreme)challenging.【解析】修飾形容詞challenging應(yīng)用副詞，故填extremely。22.(2020年全國Ⅱ卷·61)ChineseNewYearisa_____________(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.【解析】空格前的不定冠詞a提示我們此處應(yīng)用名詞形式，故填celebration。23.(2020年全國Ⅱ卷·66)___________(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.【解析】位于句首，修飾整個(gè)句子，應(yīng)用副詞作狀語，故填Certainly。24.(2020年全國Ⅱ卷·69)The__________(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.【解析】與long并列修飾名詞branches，應(yīng)用形容詞，故填beautiful。25.(2020年全國Ⅲ卷·64)Filledwith_________(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.【解析】作介詞with的賓語，用名詞，故填curiosity。26.(2020年全國Ⅲ卷·68)Asthesmallboatmoved______(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.【解析】修飾動(dòng)詞moved，應(yīng)用副詞，故填gently。27.(2019年全國Ⅱ卷·70)Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It’s___________(wonder).【解析】在系動(dòng)詞is后作表語應(yīng)用形容詞,

故填wonderful。28.(2018年全國Ⅰ卷·68)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto_____________(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.【解析】表示目的的不定式，“to+動(dòng)詞原形”,

故填strengthen。29.(2018年全國Ⅱ卷·66)Thisswitchhasdecreased_________(pollute)in

thecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.【解析】作動(dòng)詞decreased的賓語，用名詞，故填pollution。30.(2018年全國Ⅲ卷·66)MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma__________(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.【解析】根據(jù)句意及空格前的a可知，此處填名詞，表示“科學(xué)家”，故填scientist。31.(2017全國Ⅱ卷·69)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe_______________(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.【解析】作介詞的賓語要用名詞或者在冠詞the后要用名詞，表示“采用，引入”introduction。32.(2017全國Ⅱ卷·70)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost____________(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.【解析】因themostsuccessful為形容詞的最高級(jí)，故填successful。思路點(diǎn)撥:當(dāng)空格處所需詞類與括號(hào)中所給詞的詞類不同時(shí),

就需要詞類轉(zhuǎn)換。這類題一般可根據(jù)以下五點(diǎn)順利解決：1.

作主語或賓語用名詞形式。2.

在形容詞性物主代詞、冠詞(+形容詞)、不定代詞(some,any,alotof等)、介詞后還沒有名詞時(shí)，就用名詞形式。3.

作定語、表語或補(bǔ)足語用形容詞形式。4.

作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或另一副詞，或修飾全句，用副詞。5.

當(dāng)所給詞的詞性與空格處所需詞的詞性相同時(shí)，無需改變詞性，而可能是只加上改變詞義但不改變詞性的前綴或后綴，也可能用其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。如：InAlaska,thewolfalmost______________(appear)afewyearsago,becausehunterswerekillinghundredsofthemforsport.【解析】主句缺謂語,

應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞，而appear本身就是動(dòng)詞，無需作詞性變化，可考慮變詞義；由because從句可知，主句意思應(yīng)是

“狼在幾年前就差不多消失了”，要用disappear；再由afewyearsago可知，要用一般過去時(shí)，故填disappeared。注意：

解題時(shí)，既要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)需要確定詞類，又要考慮句意連貫或邏輯通順。如：Hefailedhismathsexaminationbecauseofhis_________(care)work.【解析】

在名詞前作定語，要用形容詞；由failed…可知，要填表示否定意義的“careless”(粗心大意的)，意義才通順,

故填careless。考點(diǎn)歸納:課標(biāo)詞的派生詞是不算生詞的，也不用中文注明，因此，掌握基本的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)非常重要。從近五年全國卷的語法填空來看，詞類轉(zhuǎn)換主要考查了以下6點(diǎn)：1.

形容詞→副詞。2.

名詞→形容詞。3.

動(dòng)詞→名詞。4.

形容詞→名詞。5.

名詞→動(dòng)詞。6.

名詞→名詞(人)。現(xiàn)將主要考點(diǎn)歸納如下：1.

形容詞→副詞

(高頻考點(diǎn))規(guī)律總結(jié)請(qǐng)?jiān)跈M線上寫出下列形容詞的副詞的中文意思1一般直接加lypolite→politely禮貌地；rude→rudely粗魯?shù)兀?/p>

wide→widely廣泛地；

immediate→immediately立即地；

fair→fairly公平地；

certain→certainly肯定地；careful→carefully仔細(xì)地；

final→finally最后；

quick→quickly迅速地；

high→highly高度地；

official→officially正式地；

regular→regularly有規(guī)律地；

actual→actually實(shí)際上；

slow→slowly慢慢地；

sudden→suddenly突然；

real→really真正地2輔音字母+

y

→

ilyeasy→easily容易;

angry→angrily生氣地;

happy→happily快樂地;

heavy→heavily沉重地;

steady→

steadily穩(wěn)定地；busy→busily忙碌地;

lucky→luckily幸運(yùn)地;

healthy→healthily健康地;

但shy→shyly害羞地3

以-le結(jié)尾,去e加ypossible→possibly可能地；

probable→probably可能地；

terrible→

terribly很；

noble→nobly高貴地;

comfortable→comfortably舒適地;

reliable→reliably可靠地；gentle→gently輕輕地;

ample→amply充分地;

simple→simply簡單地4(個(gè)別)去e加lytrue→truly真正地；due→duly按時(shí)地；whole→wholly完整地5以-ic結(jié)尾加ally

basic→basically基本上地;

classic→classically經(jīng)典地;

magic→magically神奇地;

optimistic→optimistically樂觀地;

scientific

→scientifically科學(xué)地;

energetic→energetically精力充沛地;

但public

→publicly公開地6以-ll結(jié)尾加yfull→fully完全地；dull→dully遲鈍地2.名詞與形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)律總結(jié)請(qǐng)?jiān)跈M線上寫出下列名詞的形容詞的中文意思或形容詞的名詞的中文意思1+al/去e,

+al

music→

musical音樂的;

original→original原來的;

person→personal個(gè)人的;

nation→national國家的;

tradition→traditional傳統(tǒng)的;

centre→central中央的;

practice→practical實(shí)際的;

globe→global全球的;

2-ture→

-turalnature→

natural自然的;

culture→cultural文化的;

agriculture→agricultural農(nóng)業(yè)的;

architecture→architectural建筑學(xué)的3-ics→

-icalpolitics→

political政治的;

physics→physical物理的;mathematics→mathematical數(shù)學(xué)的;

statistics

→statistical統(tǒng)計(jì)的4+erneast→

eastern東方的;

west→western西方的;

south→southern南方的;

north→northern北方的;

southwest→southwestern西南的5+ibleaccess→

accessible;可以進(jìn)入的

注意

horror→horrible可怕的;

terror→terrible恐怖的6+fulsuccess→

successful成功的;

care→careful細(xì)心的;

power→powerful強(qiáng)有力的;

peace→peaceful和平的;

fruit→fruitful碩果累累的;

注意mercy→merciful寬大的;

beauty→beautiful美麗的7+ishfool→

foolish愚蠢的;

self→selfish自私的;

child→childish幼稚的;

fever→feverish發(fā)熱的8+ousdanger→

dangerous危險(xiǎn)的;

humor→humorous幽默的

注

意

anxiety→anxious焦急的;

ambition→ambitious野心勃勃的;

curiosity→curious好奇的;

9-ance→-antimportance→

important重要的;

significance→significant有意義的;

distance

→

distant遙遠(yuǎn)的;10-ence→-entabsence→

absent缺席的;

silence→silent沉默的;

difference→different不相同的;

convenience→convenient方便的;

patience→patient耐心的;

violence→violent暴力的

11-ency→

-entfluency→

fluent流利的;

efficiency→efficient高效的;

emergency→emergent緊急的;

urgency→urgent緊急的12+lyfriend→

friendly友好的;

time→timely及時(shí)的;

man→manly男子氣概的;

mother→motherly慈母般的；

month→monthly每月的;

注意

day→daily每日的13-ble→

-bilityable→

ability能力;

responsible→responsibility責(zé)任心;

possible→possibility可能性;

flexible→flexibility靈活性14+y;

去e，+y;雙寫，+yhealth→

healthy健康的;

sleep→sleepy困倦的;

greed→greedy貪婪的;

wealth→wealthy富有的;

noise→noisy嘈雜的;

ice→icy結(jié)冰的;

sun→sunny晴朗的;

fog→foggy多霧的;

15adj.+ness

→nweak→

weakness虛弱;

kind→kindness好心;

ill→illness疾病;

sad→sadness悲傷;

注意

happy→happiness幸福16adj.

+th

→n.warm→warmth溫暖;

注意

strong→

strength力量;

long→length長度;

wide→width寬度;

deep→depth深度;

true→truth真相17-ate→-acyaccurate→accuracy準(zhǔn)確性;

private→privacy隱私;

adequate→adequacy充足18其他free→

freedom自由;

wise→wisdom智慧;

cruel→cruelty殘忍;

safe→safety安全;

tire→tiresome無聊;

trouble→troublesome麻煩的;

history→historic(al)歷史性的;

science→scientific科學(xué)的;brave→bravery勇敢;

short→shortage缺乏3.

動(dòng)詞→名詞規(guī)律總結(jié)請(qǐng)?jiān)跈M線上寫出下列動(dòng)詞的名詞的中文意思

1+ationexpect→

expectation期望;

present→presentation展示;

注意

explain→

explanation解析2去e，+ationinvite→

invitation邀請(qǐng);

examine→examination檢查;

prepare→preparation準(zhǔn)備;

注意

pronounce→pronunciation發(fā)音3去e，+

tionproduce→

production制造;

introduce→

introduction介紹；注意

describe→description描述4去e，+iondevote→

devotion投入;

pollute→pollution污染;

contribute→contribution貢獻(xiàn);

revise→revision修正

educate

→education教育；

5+ion

act→action行動(dòng);attract→attraction吸引力;

protect→protection保護(hù);

suggest→suggestion建議

注意

intend→intention打算discuss

→

discussion討論;

express→expression表達(dá);

possess→possession占有;

impress

→impression印象6去t/d/de，+

(s)sionadmit→

admission承認(rèn);

permit→permission允許;

extend→extension擴(kuò)展;

conclude→conclusion推論;

divide→division分界7+ance；去e，+anceappear→

appearance外觀;

perform→performance表現(xiàn);

acquaint→acquaintance了解;

guide→guidance指導(dǎo)8+enceexist→

existence存在;

prefer→preference偏愛;

refer→reference參考;

differ→difference區(qū)別;

depend→dependence依賴;

注意

occur→occurrence

9+mentachieve→

achievement成就;

agree→agreement協(xié)議;

announce→announcement通知;

develop→development發(fā)展;

encourage→encouragement鼓勵(lì);注意

argue→argument論點(diǎn)10去e，+alarrive→

arrival到來;

approve→approval贊成;

survive→survival生存;

refuse→

refusal拒絕11+ure/trefail→

failure失敗;

press→pressure壓力;

depart→departure出發(fā);

mix→mixture混合12+yrecover→

recovery康復(fù);

discover→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)13其他choose→

choice選擇;

vary→variety多樣化;

tend→tendency傾向;

advise→advice建議;

apologize→apology道歉;

classify→classification分類;

grow→growth

成長4.

名詞/形容詞→動(dòng)詞規(guī)律總結(jié)請(qǐng)?jiān)跈M線上寫出下列動(dòng)詞的中文意思1后綴-en

strength→

strengthen加強(qiáng)；length→

lengthen加長；height→

heighten提高；soft→

soften軟化；weak→

weaken削弱；wide→

widen加寬；less→

lessen縮小；short→

shorten縮短；broad→

broaden加寬；quick→

quicken加快2前綴en-

able→

enable使能夠；large→

enlarge擴(kuò)大；rich→

enrich使充實(shí)；courage→

encourage鼓勵(lì)

；danger→

endanger使

處于險(xiǎn)境；compass→

encompass包含5.

動(dòng)詞/名詞→表示人的名詞規(guī)律總結(jié)請(qǐng)?jiān)跈M線上寫出下列表示人的名詞的中文意思。1+er/rsing→

singer歌唱家;

teach→teacher老師;

strange→stranger陌生人;

village→villager村民;

employ→employer雇主；interview→interviewer采訪者；面試官2+oract→

actor男演員;

invent→inventor發(fā)明者;

educate→educator教育者;

visit→visitor參觀者;

conduct→conductor操作員3+eeemploy→employee雇員;

interview→interviewee被采訪者；參加面試者;

pay→payee領(lǐng)款人;

absent→absentee缺席者4+(r)essact→

actress女演員;

wait→waitress女服務(wù)員;

host→hostess女主人;

steward→stewardess女乘務(wù)員;

注意

god→goddess女神5+eseJapan→Japanese日本人;

Vietnam→Vietnamese越南人

注意

China→Chinese中國人;Burma(緬甸)→Burmese緬甸人;

6+nAsia→

Asian亞洲人;

America→American美國人;

Australia→Australian澳大利亞人;

India→Indian印度人;

Korea→Korean朝鮮人7(去y或s)

+ianmusic→

musician音樂家;

history→historian歷史學(xué)家;

library→librarian圖書館管理員;

physics→physician物理學(xué)家;

politics→politician政治家8+istart→

artist藝術(shù)家;

novel→novelist小說家;

tour→tourist旅游者;

注意cycle→cyclist騎行者;

science→scientist科學(xué)家9+antassist→

assistant助理;

account→accountant會(huì)計(jì);

consult→consultant咨詢師;

注意apply→applicant申請(qǐng)人;

serve→servant傭人10+arlie→

liar說謊者;

beg→beggar乞丐

(注意拼寫)6.

動(dòng)詞與形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)換4.

名詞/形容詞→動(dòng)詞5.

動(dòng)詞/名詞→表示人的名詞規(guī)律總結(jié)請(qǐng)?jiān)跈M線上寫出下列動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換后的形容詞的意思或形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換后的動(dòng)詞的意思1+ablesuit→

suitable合適的;

comfort→comfortable舒服的;

reason→reasonable有道理的;注意admire→admirable令人羨慕的;

rely→reliable可靠的;

2+fuldoubt→

doubtful懷疑的;

harm→harmful有害的;

hope→hopeful充滿希望的;

care→careful細(xì)心的;

use→useful有用的;help→helpful有幫助的3+iveact→

active活躍的;

attract→attractive有吸引力的;

impress→impressive印象深刻的;

create→creative有創(chuàng)造性的4+aryimagine→imaginary想象的5adj.+en/n

→v.deep→

deepen加深;

wide→widen加寬;

less→lessen縮小;

worse→worsen惡化;

dark→darken變暗6en+adj.→v.large→

enlarge擴(kuò)大;

rich→enrich使充實(shí);

able→enable使能夠;

noble→ennoble使-------成為貴族;7un-able→

unable不能夠;

fair→unfair不公平的;

fit

→unfit不合適的;fortunate→unfortunate不幸運(yùn)的;

usual→unusual不同尋常的8+lesshope→

hopeless絕望的;

end→endless無盡的;

stain→stainless不銹的;

taste→tasteless無味的;

use→useless無用的;

help→helpless無助的;

power→powerless無力的7.

表示否定的前綴與后綴規(guī)律總結(jié)請(qǐng)?jiān)跈M線上寫出與下列單詞意義相反或相否定的詞語的中文意思1dis-advantage→

disadvantage劣勢;

agree→

disagree不同意;

appear→disappear消失;

2il/im/in-legal→

illegal非法的;

polite→impolite不禮貌;

patient→impatient不耐心;

convenient→inconvenient不方便3mis-understand→

misunderstand誤解;

lead→mislead誤導(dǎo);

direct→misdirect誤導(dǎo);

trust→mistrust不信任考點(diǎn)練透1.“No,sir.Youmustalsostartpreparingforthewinterifyouwanttohaveenoughtoeat,”theantsaid___________(serious).【解析】修飾動(dòng)詞(said)作狀語，用副詞seriously。2.Brazilianofficials__________(sincere)hopehostingthegameswillimprovelifeinBrazil.【解析】修飾動(dòng)詞hope用副詞，故填sincerely。3.Itmusttakeplaceina_____________(care)controlledenvironment,undertheguidanceofyourdoctor.【解析】修飾動(dòng)詞的過去分詞controlled，用副詞carefully。4.However,beforeIgotonthebike,Ifelt_________(extreme)nervousandIwasafraidthatIwouldfalloff…【解析】修飾形容詞nervous，用副詞extremely。5.Youcanimaginehow________(terrible)shyIwaswithsomanyeyesfixeduponme.【解析】修飾形容詞shy作狀語，要用副詞terribly。6.___________(obvious),agoodhabitcanhelpustospeeduptoreachourdestinations.【解析】作狀語，修飾整個(gè)句子，用副詞，故填Obviously。7.Ifyoualwaysgotobedandgetupataboutthesametime,thiswillseta________(health)rhythminyourlife.【解析】在名詞前作定語要用形容詞，故填healthy。8.Myclassmatesattended_________(vary)eventssuchasrunning,highjumpandlongjump.【解析】在名詞前作定語要用形容詞，故填various。9.Icouldn’timaginewhatitisliketoloseyourhomeandeverythingthatyouknowandthe___________(power)effectthehurricanehadonthosepeople.【解析】在名詞effect前作定語要用形容詞，故填powerful。10.Wecanstartthehabitbywritingsummariesandremembertorecordsomething___________(impress)andmeaningful.【解析】

由and可知，要與形容詞meaningful

詞性一致,

一起作something的后置定語，故填形容詞impressive(令人印象深刻的)。11.Iheardthatlisteningtoclassicalmusicis________(help)inreducingstress.【解析】作表語用形容詞，故填helpful。12.Somethinkitis_____________(convenience)togetintouchwithotherswiththecell-phone…【解析】固定句型Itisconvenienttodosth意為“做某事很方便”，故填convenient。13.There’sclear___________(evident)thatpeoplewholistentolivelymusicarelivelypeople.【解析】在therebe后要用名詞，作句子的主語，且前有修飾詞clear修飾，故填evidence。14.…moreandmorestudentswoulddropoutofschooliftheirpersonal_______(safe)couldnotbeguaranteed.【解析】作主語要用名詞，或者根據(jù)在their后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞，故填safety。15.Thebestspeed_________(eat)traintheirstomachstoexpand.【解析】本句謂語動(dòng)詞是train，要填的詞是主語，故用名詞，表示“這些吃東西的人”，故用eaters。16.Ihadno_______(choose)buttoprepareforit,though.【解析】因作動(dòng)詞have的賓語,

要用名詞;

另外,havenochoicebuttodosth(除……外，別無選擇)是固定搭配，故填choice。17.Nevertheless,apologiesmightbeanimportantsocialtoolastheyreaffirm(重新確認(rèn))the__________(exist)ofrulesthatneedtobeobserved.【解析】作動(dòng)詞reaffirm的賓語，用名詞；或者根據(jù)在the

與of

之間一定是填名詞，故填existence。18.Thestudentsuseavideogamecontrollertodirectits____________(move)inthetank.【解析】在形容詞性物主代詞its后，要用名詞，作動(dòng)詞direct的賓語，故填movements，用復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指。19.Afarmeronceorganizeda____________(compete)betweenhisdogandhisrabbit.【解析】作動(dòng)詞organized的賓語，用名詞，故填competition。20.Actuallywithmy______________(confident)buildingup,Inowturnouttobeagreatspeaker.【解析】作介詞with的賓語用名詞，或根據(jù)在形容詞性物主代詞(my)后面，要用名詞，故填confidence。21.IwentoffinsearchofhiminhopesthatIcould_________(unite)himwithhisowners.【解析】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后要接動(dòng)詞原形，而unite本身就是動(dòng)詞；根據(jù)句意“我希望能讓它(這條小狗)和它的主人再次團(tuán)聚”，故填reunite。22.Meanwhile,abigtourismcompanysaiditsruraltourismbusinesshasshownsignificantpotentialforfuture____________(grow)intherecentthreeyears.【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用名詞，作介詞for的賓語，故填growth。23.Afterexperiencingheroldersister's____________(die)andherparents'divorce,sheisdeterminedtostayaliveforthesakeofherbrokenfamily.【解析】查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。sister's后應(yīng)用名詞形式，die的名詞是death。24.Thereisstillnoconvincing____________(explain)fortheoriginofFRBintheinternationalscientificcommunityatpresent.【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞修飾名詞，故填explanation。25.Sheprovidedmedical________(equip),cleanwaterandfruits.Withthisworkthedeathratedecreasedto2.2%.【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子成分可知，設(shè)空處作動(dòng)詞provide的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞形式，故填equipment。26.Intheend,aMediterraneandietispartofthefactorscontributingtoourphysicalhealth,butittakes____________(commit)tomakethemhappen.【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。takecommitmenttodosth意為“承諾做某事”，為固定用法，故填commitment。27.Itoldhimhow________(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“我告訴他塑料對(duì)環(huán)境的危害”，空處應(yīng)用形容詞，表示“有害的”。28.Thismorning,a________(cheer)liondancetroupe(劇團(tuán))droveslowlypastmylocalwetmarket.【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞短語liondancetroupe，故填cheerful。29.Butthemost__________(value)experienceofallwasdiscoveringanewsenseofindependence,shesaid.【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。此處修飾名詞experience，應(yīng)用形容詞valuable。30.Crowshavelongbeenobservedfortheirvarious____________(amaze)displaysofintelligence.【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空前的theirvarious可知，空處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞displays，故填amazing。31.SomeAmericanscholarsthoughtChinacouldhardlyrealizefood-sufficiencybecauseofthe____________(limit)waterresources,decreaseofagriculturallandduetoindustrialexpansionandthefastpopulationgrowth.【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處前有定冠詞the，后有名詞短語，因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞，故填limited。32.Inadditiontobooks,manylibrariesalsoofferdigital____________(copy)ofbooks,audiobooks,movies,andmorethroughInternetplatforms.【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)空后的ofbooks可知，此處是指許多數(shù)字拷貝，copy為可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填copies。33.Whentheanswerwasno,shedeclinedthe________(invite)．【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。空處作declined的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞形式，故填invitation。34.China'sonlineliteraturehasgrowninpopularityoverthelasttwo____________(decade).【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。decade為可數(shù)名詞，且空前有two修飾，應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填decades。35.Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe________(human)are.【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。本空作賓語從句主語we的同位語，應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填humans。36.Wedon'thaveenoughresourcesallocatedtooureducationalsectorandthelittle____________(allocate)tothesectorisnotwellmanaged.【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“分配給教育部門的資源沒有得到很好的管理”，空處應(yīng)用名詞allocation作and之后句子的主語，故填allocation。37.Itiswidelyconsideredthatthesesocial____________(policy)willdefinitelyimprovethewell-beingofChinesechildren.【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)these可知，此處應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填policies。38.Theprojectwascompletedsoquicklybecausetheworkershadbeenarrangedintosevenunitstoundertakedifferent____________(task)atthesametime.【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)different可知，此處表示不止一項(xiàng)任務(wù)，應(yīng)用task的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填tasks。39.Hopefully,thecute,witty,hi-techBingDwenDwencanbecomeaclassicandcountlesslasting____________(memory)willstickinOlympichistory.【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。memory為可數(shù)名詞，且由countless修飾，應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填memories。40.“Makingcoinswasoneofthegreatestfinancial____________(activity)inhumanhistory，”saidresearchers,addingthatitallowedwealthtobetradedeasily.【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。activity為可數(shù)名詞，此處為“oneof＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式”，故填activities。41.Therewerenostars,nocelebritiesor____________(profession)performers,wewantedtopresentamodernChinaandthelivesofordinaryChinesepeople.【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞修飾名詞作定語，結(jié)合空后的名詞performers可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞，故填professional。42.Alotofproblemsareassociatedwithoverusingourdigitaldevices,fromeyehealthandissuesofmentalhealthtoaddictionand____________(education)difficulties.【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空后的名詞difficulties可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語，故填educational。43.UnlikeoldergenerationswhomightfavorWesterncultureandbrands，Chineseyouthwerebornandraisedwhenthe____________(country)economywastakingoff,sotheytendtohavestrongconfidenceintheirnationalidentityandculture.【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。此處用名詞所有格修飾后面的名詞economy，故填country's。44.Itwasagoodopportunityformetoexperiencethe____________(nation)diversecustomsandtraditions.【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語境可知，句子表示“體驗(yàn)這個(gè)國家多樣化的習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)”，空處表示“國家的”，故填nation's。45.Comparedwiththeclassnineyearsago,this____________(year)lecturewasgreatlydifferent.【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，名詞year和名詞lecture存在所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)用名詞所有格，故填year's。46.______(similar)，insteadoflearningknowledgeinsidetheclassroom,studentsshouldbeencouragedtotakeadventureoutsideandvisitplaceswheretheycanwitnessthedevelopmentoftheirhometown.【解析】考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處位于句首，應(yīng)用副詞修飾整個(gè)句子作狀語，故填Similarly。47.Backinthe____________(ninety),hewouldremainatthezooforalmostthre