2023年新版自學考試英語二講義（全面版本）Unit1語言的力量ThePowerofLanguageI.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwords1.criticaladj.有判斷力的；判斷公正（或審慎）的2.non-fictionn.紀實文學3.positionn.觀點；態度；立場4.statementn.說明；說法；表態5.questionv.表示疑問；懷疑outofquestion/outofthequestion6.evaluatev.估計；評價；評估7.contextn.事情發生的背景，環境，來龍去脈8.valuen.values[pl.]是非標準；價值觀valuableinvaluable=pricelessvalueless9.representv.描述；表現representativeadj./n.10.assertionn.明確肯定；斷言11.sufficientadj.足夠的；充足的Sufficiencyinsufficient12.statisticn.statistics[pl.]統計數字；統計資料13.integratev.（使）合并，成為一體14.authorityn.專家；學術權威；泰斗an/theauthorityonsth.authorize15.comparev.比較；對比compareAwithBcompareAtoB16.subjectn.主題；題目；題材17.consistentadj.相符的；符合的18.inconsistencyn.不一致19.assumptionn.假定；假設20.casen.具體情況；事例incaseincaseoffireincasethat…acaseinpointconfirmed/suspectedcases21.directlyadv.直接地；徑直地22.identifyv.找到；發現23.validadj.符合邏輯的；合理的；確鑿的validityn.有效性，正確（性）invalid24.credibleadj.可信的；可靠的incredible=unbelievable25.landmarkn.（標志重要階段的）里程碑26.relevantadj.緊密相關的；切題的relevancyn.關聯；恰當irrelevant27.currentadj.現時發生的；當前的28.appropriateadj.合適的；恰當的inappropriateIt's(not)appropriatethat….29.biasn.偏見；偏心；偏向30.considerablyadv.非常；很；相當多地considerconsideringconsiderableconsiderateconsideration31.Democratn.（美國）民主黨黨員，民主黨支持者民32.Republicann.（美國）共和黨黨員，共和黨支持者33.reflectv.顯示；表明；表達34.informedadj.有學問的；有見識的well-informedill-informedPhrasesandExpressions1.applyto使用；應用2.putforth提出；產生3.take…intoaccount考慮到；顧及4.accept/take…atfacevalue相信表面；信以為真5.withagrainofsalt有保留地；持懷疑態度地II.TextLearningCriticalReading①(1)Criticalreadingappliestonon-fictionwritinginwhichtheauthorputsforthapositionorseekstomakeastatement.Criticalreadingisactivereading.Itinvolvesmorethanjust（不只是，不僅僅是）understandingwhatanauthorissaying.Criticalreadinginvolvesquestioningandevaluatingwhattheauthorissaying,andformingyourownopinionsaboutwhattheauthorissaying.Herearethethingsyoushoulddotobeacriticalreader.（啟下句）本部分重點及難點：1.Criticalreadingappliestonon-fictionwritinginwhichtheauthorputsforthapositionorseekstomakeastatement.applytosb./sth.=beapplicabletosb./sth.apply的派生詞：application,applicant,applicable②Considerthecontextofwhatiswritten.Youmaybereadingsomethingthatwaswrittenbyanauthorfromadifferentculturalcontextthanyours.(2)Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwrittensometimeagoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours.(3)Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferencesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor.本部分重點及難點：2.Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwrittensometimeagoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours.sometime注意區分：sometime/sometimes/sometimes3.Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferencesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor.不論哪種情況，你必須注意并考慮你的價值觀和態度與作者所述的價值觀和態度有何不同。those是代詞，代替前面的復數名詞valuesandattitudes。代替可數名詞單數或不可數名詞用that。例如：Thestudentsinyourclassaremorehard-workingthanthoseinhisclass.Thevaluesoftheyoungpeopledifferfromthoseoftheirelders.Yourvoiceismorebeautifulthatthatofyourclassmates.Thepriceofthatbookishigherthanthatofthisone.請認真答題，答題結果將記入知識點測評的成績！【單選題】1.Thenecklacehersisteriswearingismuchmorebeautifulthan______wornbyMary.A．thisB．thatC．theseD．those【答案】B【解析】本題考查指代詞those/that的用法。英語句子中為了避免重復常使用代詞代替前面出現過的名詞。代替前面的復數名詞用those；代替可數名詞單數或不可數名詞用that。本句中空格處要填的詞代替代替單數可數名詞necklace，故選A。此處that也可以換成theone。【知識點】指代詞those/that的用法③Questionassertionsmadebytheauthor.Don'tacceptwhatiswrittenatfacevalue.Beforeacceptingwhatiswritten,becertainthattheauthorprovidessufficientsupportforanyassertionsmade.Lookforfacts,examples,andstatisticsthatprovidesupport.（承上句）Also,looktoseeiftheauthorhasintegratedtheworkofauthorities.④Comparewhatiswrittenwithotherwrittenworkonthesubject.(4)Looktoseethatwhatiswrittenisconsistentwithwhatothershavewrittenaboutthesubject.Ifthereareinconsistencies,carefullyevaluatethesupporttheauthorprovidesfortheinconsistencies.（承上句）本部分重點及難點：4.Looktoseethatwhatiswrittenisconsistentwithwhatothershavewrittenaboutthesubject.beconsistentwith與……一致consistvi.組成（of）；在于（in）；符合（with）TheUnitedKingdomconsistsofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Thebeautyoftheplanconsistsinitssimplicity.Thisdoesn'tconsistwithwhatyoutoldmeearlier.這和你先前告訴我的不符合。consist的派生詞：consistent,inconsistent,consistency,inconsistency請認真答題，答題結果將記入知識點測評的成績！【單選題】2.Totellyouthetruth,Ireallyhopethatyouractionswillconsist______yourwordsthistime.A．ofB．inC．atD．with【答案】D【解析】本題考查consist的用法。consistof意為"由……組成"；consistin意為"在于"；consistwith意為"與……一致"，故選D。consistat不存在。該句的意思是"說實話，我真希望這次你的言行能一致"。【知識點】consist的用法⑤Analyzeassumptionsmadebytheauthor.(5)Assumptionsarewhatevertheauthormustbelieveistrueinordertomakeassertions.Inmanycases,theauthor'sassumptionsarenotdirectlystated.Thismeansyoumustreadcarefullyinordertoidentifyanyassumptions.（承上啟下句）Onceyouidentifyanassumption,youmustdecidewhetherornottheassumptionisvalid.⑥Evaluatethesourcestheauthoruses.Indoingthis,becertainthatthesourcesarecredible.Forexample,Einsteinisacrediblesourceiftheauthoriswritingaboutlandmarkachievementsinphysics.Alsobecertainthatthesourcesarerelevant.Einsteinisnotarelevantsourcewhenthesubjectispoetry.（承上句）Finallyiftheauthoriswritingaboutasubjectinitscurrentstate,besurethatthesourcesarecurrent（啟下句）.Forexample,studiesdonebyEinsteinintheearly20thcenturymaynotbeappropriateifthewriterisdiscussingthecurrentstateofknowledgeinphysics.⑦Identifyanypossibleauthorbias.(6)AwrittendiscussionofAmericanpoliticswilllikelylookconsiderablydifferentdependingonwhetherthewriterisaDemocratoraRepublican.(7)Whatiswrittenmayverywellreflectabiasedposition.Youneedtotakethispossiblebiasintoaccountwhenreadingwhattheauthorhaswrittenwith"agrainofsalt."⑧Bybeingacriticalreader,youwillbecomebetterinformedandmaychangeyourviewsasappropriate.本部分重點及難點：5.Assumptionsarewhatevertheauthormustbelieveistrueinordertomakeassertions.whatever引導的是表語從句，不能換成nomatterwhat。名詞性從句（主語，賓語，表語，同位語從句）中，"疑問詞ever"不能換成"nomatter+疑問詞"，狀語從句中可以換用。例如：Whoevercomestoourpartyiswelcome.（不能換成nomatterwho…）Hewilllendahelpinghandtowhoeverneedshishelp.(不能換)Hewillbuywhateverhissonwants.（不能換）Whateveryoudo,Iwillsupportyou.(能換成nomatterwhat…)6.AwrittendiscussionofAmericanpoliticswilllikelylookconsiderablydifferentdependingonwhetherthewriterisaDemocratoraRepublican.likely在該句中是副詞likelyadj./adv.belikelytodosth.It'slikelythat…alikelyresultProfitwillmostlikelyhaverisenbyabout?2million.利潤極可能增加200萬英鎊左右。（副詞）likely的派生詞：unlikely,likelihood。例如：Thelikelihoodofinfectionisminimal.感染的可能性極小。7.Whatiswrittenmayverywellreflectabiasedposition.abiasedpositionbebiasedto/toward(s)/against反義詞：unbiasedIII.部分練習講解P111BridgingtheGapDirections:Fillintheblankswithawordoraphrasethatbestcompletesthepassage.Youmaychooseasuitableonefromthelistgiven.解題方法：把詞分類動詞名詞形容詞副詞defineactionpowerfulinternallyexpresstearspersonalshapeshapegoodrespondtoLanguageisoneofthethingsthatsetsusapartasbeings,oneofthethingsthatessentially1definesusashumans.Whenlanguageisusedwellitcanelicitverydeepfeelinginothers,motivateothersto2actionanddefinethenatureofourrelationships.Sometimesinpoetrythejuxtaposition（并列）oftwowordsoracertainphrasecanbring3tearstotheeyes,callupawholehostofimageryandmoveusdeeply.Wehaveseenlanguagerecentlyusedinthepoliticsofpersuasion,usedfor4goodorill-dependingonyourviewpoint.Whenweuselanguageto5expressourtruefeelingstosomeoneitcanopenanddeepentheconnectionbetweenus.Languageisavery6powerfultool.Howweuselanguageshapesourworldboth7internallyandexternally.Howyouuseself-talk-whatyousaytoyourselfaboutyourselfandabouttheworlddirectly8shapes（塑造，使成形）yourexperienceofbothyourselfandtheworld.Howyoudelivercommunicationshapesthewaytheworld9respondstoyou.Wecanuselanguagemoreeffectivelyinbothspheres:internalandexternalanddirectlyinfluencethehealthandpowerofour10personalrelationshipsandourbusinessrelationships.I.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwords1.confidencen.自信心；把握相關詞：confidentbeconfidentofsb./sth.have/loseconfidenceinsb./sth.注意比較：confident/confidential2.programv.訓練；培養3.masteryn.控制；駕馭4.destinyn.命運；天命；天數5.dramaticallyadv.巨大地；驚人地；顯著地6.qualityn.質量；品質7.subconsciousadj.下意識的；?意識的8.pleasev.使滿意；使愉快9.commandn.（給人或動物的）命令10.knowinglyadv.故意地；蓄意地11.impactn.巨大影響；強大作用12.matterv.事關緊要；有重大影響13.confidentadj.自信的；有自信心的14.sensen.（對重大事情的）感覺，意識15.eliminatev.排除；清除；消除eliminateallgrammaticalmistakesbeeliminatedinthefirstround16.disempowerv.剝奪；使失去權利；剝奪力量注意構詞法：dis（表示否定）+em（使，賦予）+poweren-/em-常見的動詞前綴，如：enable,enrich,endanger,enlarge等。empowerv.授權，賦予權利17.self-esteemn.自尊（心）18.limitv.限制；限定區分兩個名詞limit和limitation。Thereisalimit/arelimitstoone'slife.Thereisnolimit/arenolimitstoknowledge.Everyonehashisownlimitations.19.infiniteadj.極大的；無法衡量的相關詞：finite,finitely,infinitely20.stiflev.壓制；扼殺；阻止21.creativityn.創造力相關詞：create,creation,creator,creative,creatively22.internaladj.內心的；頭腦中的23.insignificantadj.微不足道的；無足輕重的相關詞：significant,significance,significantly,insignificance24.commonlyadv.通常；常常25.alternativen.可供選擇的事物，替代物havenoalternativebuttodosth.Isthereanyalternativetogoingtothecinema?26.fabulousadj.極好的；絕妙的PhrasesandExpressions1.carryout完成（任務）2.beupto取決于3.haveanimpacton/upon對…產生巨大影響4.rub…out用橡皮擦掉（字跡等）5.beincontrolof掌管；管理；控制II.TextLearningTheLanguageofConfidence1Thelanguageweuseprogramsourbrains.Masteringourlanguagegivesusagreatdegreeofmasteryoverourlivesandourdestinies.Itisimportanttousethelanguageinthebestwaypossibleinordertodramaticallyimproveourqualityoflife.2Eventhesmallestofwordscanhavethedeepesteffectonoursubconsciousmind,whichislikeachild,anditdoesn'treallyunderstandthedifferencebetweenwhatreallyhappensandwhatyouimagine.(1)Itiseagertopleaseandwillingtocarryoutanycommandsthatyougiveit-whetheryoudothisknowinglyornotisentirelyuptoyou."Try"3Itisasmallwordyetithasanamazingimpactuponus.Ifsomeonesays,"I'lltrytodothat"youknowthattheyarenotgoingtobeputtingtheirwholeheartintoit,andmaynotevendoitatall.(2)Howoftendoyouusethewordtrywhentalkingaboutthethingsthatmattertoyou?Doyousay"I'lltrytobemoreconfident"or"I'lltrytodothat"or"I'lltrytocall"?4Thinkaboutsomethingthatyouwouldliketoachieve,andsayittoyourselfintwodifferentways.Firstlysay,"I'lltryto…"andnoticehowyoufeel.Nextsay,"Iwilldo…"andseehowyoufeel.5(3)Thelattermakesyoufeelbetterthanthefirstone,doesn'tit?Itgivesyouasenseofdetermination,afeelingthatitwillbedone.Listentothepeoplearoundyouandwhentheysaytheywilltrynoticeifitgetsdoneornot.Eliminatethewordtryfromyourdictionaryandseehowyourlifeimproves.（承上句）本部分重點及難點：1.Itiseagertopleaseandwillingtocarryoutanycommandsthatyougiveit-whetheryoudothisknowinglyornotisentirelyuptoyou.它渴望取悅，樂意聽從你給它的任何命令，而你是有意還是無意地做這些完全取決于你。(1)carryoutcommands執行命令(2)beuptosb.取決于某人例如：It'suptoyouwhetherwegothereornot.2.Howoftendoyouusethewordtrywhentalkingaboutthethingsthatmattertoyou?matterv.beimportant例如：Aslongasstaffaresmart,itdoesnotmatterhowlongtheirhairis.員工只要聰明，頭發留多長沒什么關系。Itmattersalotwhetheryoucometomybirthdaypartyornot.3.Thelattermakesyoufeelbetterthanthefirstone,doesn'tit?theformer…thelatter…"Can't"6Thisisanothersmallwordwithabigimpact.Itdisempowersus,makesusfeelweakandhelpless,anddamagesourself-esteem.(4)Itlimitsourinfiniteabilitiesandstiflescreativity.Rubitoutfromyourinternaldictionaryandreplaceitwithsomethingthatmakesyoufeelgreat.本部分重點及難點：4.Itlimitsourinfiniteabilitiesandstiflescreativity.(1)infinite的詞根是finite，其它相關詞：finitely,infinitely,finiteness/finity,infiniteness/infinity。(2)creativity的詞根是create。注意區分兩個名詞：creation/creativity。請認真答題，答題結果將記入知識點測評的成績！【單選題】3.選擇括號內所給單詞的正確形式填空：Asmallwordlike"can't"limitsour______(finite)abilitiesanddiscourages_______(create).A．finite,creatingB．finite,creationC．infinite,creativityD．infinite,creation【答案】C【解析】本題考查finite及create的派生詞。第一個空格要填的詞作abilities的定語，故選擇形容詞；第二個空格要填的詞作discourage的賓語，根據句義"can't這樣的小詞限制了我們無限的能力并壓制了我們的創造性"，故選C。【知識點】finite及create的派生詞7Insteadofsayingyoucan't,whynotsaysomethinglike"Ichoose（愿意）…"or"Ichoosenotto…".Usingwordslikethisallowsyoutotakebackyourpowerandtobeincontrolofyourlife.8Wordsmayappearsmallandinsignificant,yettheycanhaveadeepandlastingeffectonus.(5)Masteringyourlanguagegivesyouthepowertolivewhateverlifeyoudesire.9Whatwordsdoyouusealotthatdisempoweryou?Makealistofwordsyoucommonlyuseandthenwritenexttothemsomealternativesyoucanuse.（承上句）(6)Makethesealternativeswordsthatmakeyoufeelfabulous,notonlyaboutyourself,butaboutlifeandwhatyouaredoing!（承上句）本部分重點及難點：5.Masteringyourlanguagegivesyouthepowertolivewhateverlifeyoudesire.give…thepower相當于empower，該句等于Masteringyourlanguageempowersyoutolivewhateverlifeyoudesire.6.Makethesealternativeswordsthatmakeyoufeelfabulous,notonlyaboutyourself,butaboutlifeandwhatyouaredoing!讓這些替代詞不僅使你對自己感覺良好，而且使你對生活、對你所做的事情感覺無限美好吧！(1)make在這里接名詞作賓補，即makesb./sth.sth.，再如：Wemadehimourmonitor.(2)makeyoufeelfabulous，make接dosth.作賓補。(3)notonly…but(also)…Unit2MistakestoSuccessI.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwords1.spillv.（使）灑出，潑出，溢出2.respondv.作出反應；響應respondto…response3.interviewv.（媒體）采訪，訪問4.creativeadj.創作的5.occurv.發生；出現Itoccurredtomethat…6.removev.拿開；去掉7.refrigeratorn.冰箱8.gripn.緊握；緊抓9.slipperyadj.滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不穩、難以行走）10.contentn.所容納之物；所含之物11.veritableadj.十足的；名副其實的；不折不扣的12.yellv.叫喊；大喊；吼叫13.lecturen.（冗長的）教訓，訓斥，譴責14.messn.骯臟；雜亂；不整潔15.rarelyadv.罕有；很少；不常rareanimals/stampsRarelyishelateforclass.16.puddlen.水洼；小水坑17.eventually最后；終于18.restorev.使復原；使復位；使復職19.spongen.海綿塊20.effectivelyadv.有效地effectiveineffective注意區分：effective/efficient21.tinyadj.極小的；微小的22.discoverv.了解到；認識到；查明discovery23.graspv.抓緊；抓牢24.lipn.（容器或凹陷地方的)邊，邊沿25.renownedadj.有名的；聞名的；受尊敬的26.remarkv.談論；評論27.opportunityn.機會；時機28.scientificadj.科學（上）的；關于科學的sciencescientist例如：Themedicalscienceismakinggreatprogressinthetreatmentofcancer.Youshouldprovidescientificevidenceinsteadofsubjectiveevidencetoprovethistheoryholdswater.Severalworld-renownedscientistswillbeinvitedtoattendtheforum.29.valuableadj.很有用的；很重要的；寶貴的PhrasesandExpressions1.inthismanner用這種方式2.set…apartfrom區別；使與眾不同II.TextLearningSpiltMilk①Haveyouheardofthestoryaboutsplitmilk?(1)Well,weallknowthereisnousecryingoversplitmilk.Butthisstoryisdifferent.Iwouldhopeallparentswouldrespondinthismanner.②Irecentlyheardastoryaboutafamousresearchscientist（研究科學家，高級研究員）whohadmadeseveralveryimportantmedicalbreakthroughs.(2)Hewasinterviewedbyanewspaperreporterwhoaskedhimwhyhewassomuchmorecreativethantheaverageperson;whatsethimsofarapartfromothers?③Herespondedthat,inhisopinion,itallcamefromanexperiencewithhismotherthatoccurredwhenhewasabouttwoyearsold.(3)Hehadbeentryingtorioveabottleofmilkfromtherefrigeratorwhenhelosthisgripontheslipperybottleanditfell,spillingitscontentsalloverthekitchenfloor-averitableseaofmilk!④Whenhismothercameintothekitchen,insteadofyellingathim,givinghimalecture,orpunishinghim,shesaid,"(4)Robert,whatagreatandwonderfulmessyouhavemade!Ihaverarelyseensuchahugepuddleofmilk.Well,thedamagehasalreadybeendone.Wouldyouliketogetdownandplayinthemilkforafewminutesbeforewecleanitup?"⑤Indeed,hedid.Afterafewminutes,hismothersaid，"Youknow,Robert,wheneveryoumakeamesslikethis,eventuallyyouhavetocleanitupandrestoreeverythingtoitsproperorder.So,howwouldyouliketodothat?Wecoulduseasponge,atowel,oramop.Whichdoyouprefer?"hechosethespongeandtogethertheycleanedupthespiltmilk.⑥Hismotherthensaid,"Youknow,whatwehavehereisafailedexperimentinhowtoeffectivelycarryabigmilkbottlewithtwotinyhands.Let'sgooutinthebackyardandfillthebottlewithwaterandseeifyoucandiscoverawaytocarryitwithoutdroppingit."(5)Thelittleboylearnedthatifhegraspedthebottleatthetopnearthelipwithbothhands,hecouldcarryitwithoutdroppingit.Whatawonderfullesson!（承上總結句）⑦(6)Therenownedscientistriarkedthatitwasatthatmomentthatheknewhedidn'tneedtobeafraidtomakemistakes.(7)Instead,helearnedthatmistakeswerejustopportunitiesforlearningsomethingnew,whichis,afterall,whatscientificexperimentsareallabout.Eveniftheexperiment"doesn'twork,"weusuallylearnsomethingvaluablefromit.⑧(8)Wouldn'titbegreatifallparentswouldrespondthewayRobert'smotherrespondedtohim?本文重點及難點：1.Well,weallknowthereisnousecryingoversplitmilk.There/Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水難收。2.Hewasinterviewedbyanewspaperreporterwhoaskedhimwhyhewassomuchmorecreativethantheaverageperson;whatsethimsofarapartfromothers?(1)whoaskedwhy…fromothers定語從句，修飾先行詞anewspaperreporter。(2)whyhewassomuchmorecreativethantheaverageperson和whatsethimsofarapartfromothers都是ask的直接賓語。(3)theaverageperson普通人(4)sethimsofarapartfromothers使他特別有別于他人，使他和別人有很大不同。far在這里是副詞，加強程度。注意區分：sofar迄今為止，到目前為止。相當于bynow,uptonow,asyet。Sofarhehasmasteredfiveforeignlanguages.3.Hehadbeentryingtorioveabottleofmilkfromtherefrigeratorwhenhelosthisgripontheslipperybottleanditfell,spillingitscontentsalloverthekitchenfloor-averitableseaofmilk!他試圖從冰箱里取出一瓶牛奶，卻沒有抓住光滑的瓶子，瓶子掉了，牛奶灑得廚房滿地都是--白花花的一片。4.Robert,whatagreatandwonderfulmessyouhavemade!感嘆句。注意what和how的區別：Whataslowerwalkerheis!Howslowlyheiswalking!5.Thelittleboylearnedthatifhegraspedthebottleatthetopnearthelipwithbothhands,hecouldcarryitwithoutdroppingit.(1)graspthebottleatthetopv.+sb./sth.+介詞+the+身體部位/衣服(2)withoutdroppingit作狀語。再如：Tomleftwithoutsayinggood-bye.Heranout(without)sayingagood.6.Therenownedscientistriarkedthatitwasatthatmomentthatheknewhedidn'tneedtobeafraidtomakemistakes.賓語從句是強調結構itwas…that…。注意區分強調結構和it作形式主語或普通代詞的結構。例如：Itwasinthisparkthattheyfirstmeteachother.Itwasthisparkwhere/inwhichtheyfirstmeteachother.Itisimportantthatwelearnaforeignlanguagewell.7.Instead,helearnedthatmistakeswerejustopportunitiesforlearningsomethingnew,whichis,afterall,whatscientificexperimentsareallabout.相反，他認識到錯誤正是學習新東西的機會，畢竟任何科學實驗都是如此。8.Wouldn'titbegreatifallparentswouldrespondthewayRobert'smotherrespondedtohim?該句是個反問句，相當于語氣很強烈的肯定句。(1)thewayRobert'smotherrespondedtohim作狀語，相當于intheway…。再如：Helearnedmoneywasnoteverythingthehardway.(2)thewaysb.does/didsth.某人做某事的方式Ilikethewayshedressesherself.Peopledon'tthewayhetalks.III.部分練習講解P128BridgingtheGapDirections:Fillintheblankswithawordoraphrasethatbestcompletesthepassage.Youmaychooseasuitableonefromthelistgiven.解題方法：把詞分類動詞名詞形容詞副詞介詞連詞fearfearunavoidablewiselywithoutsothatreachsuccessunderaslongasreachbetweenLotsofpeopledon'tdaretomakemistakes.They1fearthattheywillberidiculedorblamedbyothers.Theyfearthattheywilllosetheirmoneyandbelongingsorbe2underalotofstress.Butrisksare3unavoidableandtheydopavethewayyoumusttread（踩，踏）upontowards4succcess.Haveyoueverheardofsomeonewhoachievessuccess5withoutmakinganymistakesbefore?Soitisonlynaturalthatmakingmistakesinyoureffortto6reachyourdreamsisconsideredamust,andyoushouldn'tworryaboutthatasyoumaygetalotofadvantagesoutofyourmistakes.Bymakingmistakesatleastyouthencandistinguish7betweenthecorrectandtheincorrectportionsofwhatyoudid.AnthonyD'Angelosaid:"Inordertosucceedyoumustfail,8sothatyouknowwhattodothenexttime",andRobertLouisStevensonevenwenttotheextremeastosay:"Ourbusinessinlifeisnottosucceed,buttocontinuetofailingoodspirits（精神抖擻，情緒高昂）."Youneedn'tworryaboutanything9aslongasyoukeepongoingby10wiselylearningfromyourmistakesandtryingevenharder.I.NewwordsandexpressionsNewwords1.glancen.瞥一眼；匆匆一看；掃視2.touchn.修飾；潤色；裝點3.frostn.給（糕餅）覆上糖霜4.aestheticadj.審美的；有審美觀點的；美學的5.triumphn.巨大成功；偉大勝利6.lumpyadj.多塊狀物的；為塊狀物覆蓋的7.frostingn.糖霜（用以裝飾糕餅等）8.blendern.（電動）食物攪拌器9.fixingsn.[pl.]（菜肴的）配料10.requisiteadj.必需的；必備的；必不可少的11.utensiln.（家庭）用具，器皿12.phoenixn.（傳說中的）鳳凰，長生鳥13.cluttern.雜亂的東西（尤指不需要的或無用的）；雜亂14.presentv.把…交給；頒發；授予注意作為動詞和名詞時的發音差別。再如：import,export,record,produce等。15.anniversaryn.周年紀念日16.flashn.閃光；閃耀17.positionv.安裝；安置；使處于18.slidev.(使)快捷而悄聲地移動19.explodev.突然爆發，進發（感情）explosionexplosiven.炸藥adj.爆炸性的20.slipv.悄悄疾行；溜21.flipv.（開）；按（按鈕）22.trumpetv.發出喇叭聲23.gesturev.做手勢；用手勢表示24.grandlyadv.驕傲地；自負地25.slightlyadv.略微；稍微26.off-balanceadj.不平衡的；不穩定的27.layern.層；表層28.inspectionn.檢查；查看；審視29.moanv.抱怨30.interjectv.打斷（別人的講話）；插話31.gentlyadv.溫柔地；溫和地；和緩地32.disastern.災難；不幸；徹底失敗33.stormv.氣呼呼地疾走34.slamv.（使…）砰地關上slamthedoorshut35.silentlyadv.悄悄地；靜靜地silentsilencev./n.36.moistadj.微濕的；濕潤的moisturen.37.sufferv.（因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦，受難，受折磨sufferpain(s)/torture(s)/losses/failuressufferfromasplittingheadache38.occasionaladj.偶然的；臨時的occasionoccasionally39.issuen.重要議題；爭論的問題40.significancen.(尤指對將來有影響的)重要性，意義significantsignificantly41.stuffn.（事物名稱不詳、無關緊要或所指事物明顯時用）東西，物品，玩意兒42.awfullyadv.非常；極其43.troublesomeadj.令人煩惱的；令人痛苦的44.deservev.值得；應得；應受45.frustrationn.令人懊喪（或懊惱、沮喪）的事物frustratev.frustratedadj.46.carpetn.地毯47.emergev.露頭；顯現區分兩個名詞：emergence/emergency48.dignityn.自豪；自尊；自重indignityn.侮辱，輕蔑，無禮舉動49.sanitationn.環境衛生50.sacrificen.犧牲；舍棄sacrificeAforBmakeself-sacrifice51.tenderadj.易損壞的；纖弱的；脆弱的52.responsibilityn.責任；負責responsible(tosb./forsth.)irresponsibleresponsibly53.occasionallyadv.偶然；偶爾；有時候54.consequencen.結果；后果PhrasesandExpressions1.fromscratch從頭開始，從零開始2.runoutof用完，耗盡3.stayup熬夜II.TextLearningTheCake1Cindyglancednervouslyattheclockonthekitchenwall.Fiveminutesbeforemidnight.2"Theyshouldbehomeanytimenow,"shethoughtassheputthefinishingtouches（最后潤色，收尾工作）onthechocolatecakeshewasfrosting.(1)Itwasthefirsttimeinher12yearsshehadtriedtomakeacakefromscratch,andtobehonest,itwasn'texactlyanaesthetictriumph.Thecakewas…well,lumpy.Andthefrostingwasbitter,asifshehadrunoutofsugarorsomething,which,ofcourse,shehad.本部分重點及難點：1.Itwasthefirsttimeinher12yearsshehadtriedtomakeacakefromscratch,…注意本句的時態。It/This/Thatwillbethefirsttimetheyhavemeteachother.It/This/ThatisthethirdtimehehasseenanEnglishfilm.It/This/Thatwasthelasttimehehaddonesuchastrangething.請認真答題，答題結果將記入知識點測評的成績！【單選題】4.TheywillgotoAmericanextmonth.Thatwillbethefirsttimethatthey______America.A．willvisitB．hadvisitedC．willhavevisitedD．havevisited【答案】D【解析】本題考查重要結構It/That/Thisbethe1st/2nd/…timethat…中的時態。該句型要注意時態的一致。即：主句為一般將來或一般現在時，從句用現在完成時；主句為一般過去時，從句用過去完成時。本句中主句為一般將來時，故選擇D。【知識點】重要結構It/That/Thisbethe1st/2nd/…timethat…中的時態3Andthentherewasthewaythekitchenlooked.Imagineahugeblenderfilledwithallthefixingsforchocolatecake-includingtherequisitebowls,pansandutensils.Nowimaginethattheblenderisturnedon.Highspeed.Withthelidoff.Doyougettheidea?4ButCindywasn'tthinkingaboutthemess.Shehadcreatedsomething,averitablephoenixofflourandsugarrisingoutofthekitchenclutter.(2)Shewasanxiousforherparentstoreturnhomefromtheirdatesoshecouldpresentheranniversarygifttothi.Sheturnedoffthekitchenlightsandwaitedexcitedlyinthedarkness.Whenatlastshesawtheflashofthecarheadlights,shepositionedherselfinthekitchendoorway.(3)Bythetimesheheardthekeyslidingintothefrontdoor,shewasTHISCLOSEtoexploding.5(4)Herparentstriedtoslipinquietly,butCindywouldhavenoneofthat.Sheflippedonthelightsdramaticallyandtrumpeted:"Ta-daaa!"Shegesturedgrandlytowardthekitchentable,whereaslightlyoff-balancetwo-layerchocolatecakeawaitedtheirinspection.6Buthermother'seyesnevermadeitallthewaytothetable."Justlookatthismess!"shemoaned."HowmanytimeshaveItalkedtoyouaboutcleaningupafteryourself?"7"ButMom,Iwasonly…"8"Ishouldmakeyoucleanthisuprightnow,butI'mtootiredtostayupwithyoutomakesureyougetitdoneright,"hermothersaid.(5)"Soyou'lldoitfirstthinginthemorning."本部分重點及難點：2.Shewasanxiousforherparentstoreturnhomefromtheirdatesoshecouldpresentheranniversarygifttothi.beanxiousforsb.todosth.渴望某人做某事3.Bythetimesheheardthekeyslidingintothefrontdoor,shewasTHISCLOSEtoexploding.當聽到鑰匙插進門鎖的聲音時，她的心幾乎要蹦出來了！4.Herparentstriedtoslipinquietly,butCindywouldhavenoneofthat.wouldhavenoneofit不接受，不允許5."Soyou'lldoitfirstthinginthemorning."firstthinginthemorning早上第一件事Hebrusheshisteethfirstthinginthemorningeveryday.9"Honey,"Cindy'sfatherinterjectedgently,"takealookatthetable."10"Iknow-it'samess,"hiswifesaidcoldly."Thewholek