專題一四選一閱讀01主旨大意題題型302主旨大意即作者在文章或段落中想要表達的主要內容，是文章或段落的核心思想，也是作者通過行文邏輯和各種細節信息闡明的核心內容。把握主旨大意是英語閱讀理解的一項關鍵能力，對正確理解全文有重要意義。考生在解題時應通過略讀捕捉文中的關鍵詞句，把握篇章和段落結構，梳理篇章和段落的行文脈絡，從而弄清作者的寫作思路，最終歸納出主旨大意。高考閱讀理解中，對該關鍵能力的考查主要有以下三種：歸納段落大意、理解全文主旨和選定最佳標題。段落大意題主要考查考生對段落核心信息的理解，要求考生在理解段落內容的基礎上提煉出核心信息，然后對比選項，選出最契合段落主要內容的選項。段落大意題常見設問形式：Whatisthefirst/second/...paragraphmainlyabout?Whatdoesparagraph...mainlytalkabout?Whatdoesthewritertrytoexpressinparagraph...?考向1段落大意題(2024·新課標Ⅰ，B片段)LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack，Tindalesays，shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep，butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse，Nappy，“movesmoreeasily

andridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.關鍵信息1：案例①關鍵信息2：案例②典例剖析26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?設問方向：第三段的段落大意A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians’work.C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.串聯各句內容，提煉段落主旨：本段主要介紹了兩個整體醫學的具體的治療案例：①LeighTindale的狗Charlie患心臟病，采用整體醫學治療后，病情好轉，能夠多活5個月；②PriscillaDewing家的馬Nappy經過整體醫學治療后移動更容易，騎著更舒適了。由此可知，本段主要通過這兩個具體的治療案例來說明整體醫學的有效性。對比分析選項，確定答案：對比選項發現，D項“整體醫學的有效性”與本段主旨最為契合，為正確答案。技法歸納A(2023·全國乙，D片段)Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld，ahistorythatdoesnot①privilegeonepartofhumanity，youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone，becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts，whilemostoftheworld，formostofthetime，hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements，anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheir②concernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.即時演練段落大意題。根據選段內容可知，本段主要講述的是歷史應該如何被展示，即通過文字和實物相結合。故選A。1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.√語境猜詞：①privilege_______________②concern___________v.給予特權，特別優待n.重要的事情B(2022·新課標Ⅰ，D片段)...Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊)，makingithardtoproducelabiodentals，whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later，ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(結構)，makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.[Analysesofalanguage①databasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage，withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasing②remarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.]paragraph5...2.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.√段落大意題。根據第五段，尤其是其中的“Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmed”可知，本段主要提出支持上文研究結果的證據。故選A。語境猜詞：①database__________________②remarkably________________n.(計算機)數據庫，資料庫adv.不尋常地，驚人地文章大意題主要考查考生對一篇文章的整體理解，要求考生具備在速讀中準確掌握全文主旨的能力。考生需要在理解全文內容的基礎上，通過歸納概括、推理判斷等邏輯思維活動，概括出全文主旨大意。文章大意題常見設問形式：Whatisthetextmainlyabout？What’sthemainideaofthetext？Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?考向2文章大意題(2024·新課標Ⅱ，C)Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However，mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney，BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally，itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital，restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.[第一段主題句][第二段主題句]典例剖析Specifically，it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud，BMFisremotelymonitored.Also，thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated，itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil，thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest，userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.[第三段主題句]Moreover，havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition，there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.[關鍵信息第四段大意]BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice，theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste，carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment，”saidaBMFemployee.[第五段主題句][關鍵信息]31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?設問方向：本文的大意A.BMF’smajorstrengths. B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C.BMF’sglobalinfluence. D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.串聯各段落大意，提煉文章主旨：①第一段以新鮮食物的重要性及商店農產品運輸過程影響新鮮度的問題導入，引出巴比倫微農場(BMF)，指出其大大縮短運輸路程的優勢。②第二段強調巴比倫微農場通過創新型設計來保證新鮮蔬菜供應。③第三段詳細說明巴比倫微農場依靠的新技術及其帶來的優勢。④第四段和第五段指出巴比倫微農場在可持續發展方面的優勢。綜合以上段意可知，本文主要介紹巴比倫微農場(BMF)的優勢。對比分析選項，確定答案：對比選項發現，A項“巴比倫微農場(BMF)的主要優勢”與文章主旨最為契合，為正確答案。技法歸納(2023·浙江1月，B)Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle，noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago，asIwaslivingwithmyparents，andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband，asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme.I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough，whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.即時演練Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson，sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars，andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater，Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries，andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued，IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmyownbedroom，soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn’tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品)，Iwasabletostart①personalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocook②everysooften，soIportionedoutabitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch，butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges，youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifotherscommentonwhatyou’redoing，whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswhoarenot③onboard，yourwordsprobablywon’tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.Sohereismyadvice：Leadbyaction.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Howtogetonwellwithotherfamilymembers.B.Howtohaveone’sownpersonalspaceathome.C.Howtoliveazerowastelifestyleinahousehold.D.Howtocontrolthebudgetwhenbuyinggroceries.√主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其根據第二段內容可知，文章主要講述了作者是如何在家庭中踐行零浪費的生活方式的。故選C。語境猜詞：①personalize__________________②everysooften_________③onboard_____v.使個性化，為個人特制偶爾，間或支持標題是文章中心思想的精練表達。標題歸納題主要考查考生把握文章主旨、理解文章中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基礎上運用判斷、歸納、概括等方法，對文章的主題進行提煉或高度概括，最終準確地選出文章的標題。標題歸納題常見設問形式：Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext？Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?考向3標題歸納題(2024·全國甲，B)Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance，almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(聲音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp，scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.

Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou’reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry，itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However，whenacatislookingforaffection，theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother’sattentionandbefed.[第一段主題句]典例剖析Catshavemanyheightenedsenses，buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.

Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However，anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.That’swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats，whichtheydon’tusuallylike.[第二段主題句]Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit，butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat’sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉動物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit’sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit![第三段主題句]27.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?設問方向：適合本文的標題A.TipsonFindingaSmartCat B.UnderstandingYourCat’sBehaviorC.HaveFunwithYourCat D.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy串聯各段落大意，提煉文章主旨：①第一段段意：貓是一種特殊的動物，擁有驚人的發聲技能。②第二段段意：貓有許多敏銳的感官，尤其是它們的嗅覺更令人印象深刻。③第三段段意：貓的抓取能力很強。綜合以上段意可知，本文主要介紹貓的一些行為習慣以及背后的原因和意義。對比分析選項，確定答案：對比選項發現，B項“了解你的貓的行為”概括精準，統領全文，為正確答案。其他干擾項：A項“找一只聰明貓的小貼士”，C項“和你的貓玩得開心”和D項“如何讓你的貓保持健康”都偏離了主題。技法歸納(2024·浙江1月，D)TheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedby①psychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat，selectedbythechild，wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat，theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follow-upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.即時演練Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(誘惑)bysugarytreats，butbyourcomputers，phones，andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorworld，andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus，d