Unit5Music

DiscoveringUseful

Structures

PastparticiplesasthepredicativeandtheadverbialPartOne

PastParticipleasthePredicative(過(guò)去分詞用作表語(yǔ))1、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成_______結(jié)構(gòu),表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征或狀態(tài),相當(dāng)于形容詞。例：Everyonepresentisveryinspiredathisspeech．Youlookedfrightened.Hebecameinterestedintwotheories.系表Pastparticiplesasthepredicative(表語(yǔ))系動(dòng)詞：be動(dòng)詞；感官動(dòng)詞look,sound,smell,taste,feel;表示狀態(tài)變化的系動(dòng)詞become,grow,turn,get,go;表示保持狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)remain,stay,keep;其他常見(jiàn)系動(dòng)詞seem（似乎），appear（顯得），prove（證明是）。

例1：Thisshopisnowclosed．

Thisshopisclosedat6pmeveryday．(狀態(tài))(動(dòng)作）2、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于形容詞；而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作的承受者，后面常跟by。Pleasetellaparttheeachtwosentences.1.Thecupwasbrokenbyhim.Thecupisbroken.2.Thenoveliswellwritten.

ThenoveliswrittenbyMoYan.(動(dòng)作）(狀態(tài)）(動(dòng)作）(狀態(tài)）3、過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：用其過(guò)去分詞形式來(lái)說(shuō)明人的情況，含義為“感到…的”用動(dòng)詞-ing形式通常來(lái)說(shuō)明物的情況,譯為“令人….的”例1：ThebookisinterestingandI’minterestedinit.①Robertwas_________whenheknewthe_________comingholiday.(excite)②Whenheheardthe_________story，hewasdeeply________.(move)③Hiswordswere

，whichmademanypeople

.(discourage)excitedmovingmoveddiscouragingdiscouragedexciting過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)1.Theplantsthattheyfoundtherewere

(astonish)2.Iwas

(astonish)tolearnthathislonglostchild

hadbeenfound.3.She

had

a

(worry)

look

on

her

face

because

she

failed

theexam.

4.

He

looked

(interest)

in

the

idea

I

put

forward.

5.The

motherwenttovisitEinstein.(puzzle)

astonishingastonishedworriedinterestedpuzzledPartTwo

PastParticipleastheAdverbial(過(guò)去分詞用作狀語(yǔ))1.What’sthelogicalSubject(主語(yǔ))oftheunderlinedpastparticiples?2.What’stherelationshipbetweentheunderlinedpastparticiplesandtheirSubjects,activeorpassive?1.BornintheUSAon2January1970,WhitacrebeganstudyingmusicattheUniversityofNevadain1988.2.Movedbythismusic,hesaid,“Itwaslikeseeingcolorforthefirsttime.”3.Inspired,heaskedhisfanstomakevideos…過(guò)去分詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。WhitacrehehePastparticiplesastheadverbial(狀語(yǔ))分詞可做時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步、結(jié)果、方式、伴隨等狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用來(lái)修飾一個(gè)句子，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和該句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作，與主句主語(yǔ)之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓（被動(dòng)）關(guān)系。例1：Givenmoreattention,thetreecangrowbetter.例2：Guided

bytheseprinciples,they

wentonwiththework.Oncepublished

,hisworksbecamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。Askedabouthisaddress,thelittleboydidn’trespond.1.過(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

(=Oncetheywerepublished）(=Whenhewasaskedabouthisaddress)Doneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.Givenadvicebythefamousdetective

,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.2.過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)

3.過(guò)去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)

Givenmoretime

,wewilldobetter.Heatedtoahightemperature,waterwillchangeintovapor.（=Becauseitwasdoneinahurry）（=Since/Asshewasgivenadvicebythefamousdetective）(=Ifwearegivenmoretime)(=Ifitisheatedtoahightemperature)Evenifinvited,Iwillnottakepartintheparty.The

old

man

walkedinthepark,supportedbyhis

wife.3.過(guò)去分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)

4.過(guò)去分詞作方式、伴隨狀語(yǔ)

（=EvenifIaminvited）（=andwassupportedby

his

wife）例：Hewentout,shuttingthedoorbehindhim.(1)邏輯關(guān)系現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：①

現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。he是shut動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者②

過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Givenmoreencouragement,theboycouldhavebehavedbetter.theboy與give是被動(dòng)關(guān)系（2）時(shí)間概念①過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，表示“一種完成的狀態(tài)”。WritteninFrench,thelettercannotbeunderstood.Builtin1910,themuseumisalmost100yearsold.②現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行。Istoodthere,waitingforher.Walkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.注意1：部分過(guò)去分詞來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表示“被動(dòng)關(guān)系”，而表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。這樣的過(guò)去分詞及短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：seated(坐著的),hidden(躲著),lost/absorbedin(沉溺于/沉浸在),dressedin(穿著),tiredof(厭煩了)，exposedto（接觸到）等。Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,shedidn’thearthesound.她陷入沉思，沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到聲音。Dressedinanewdress,shelooksverybeautiful.她穿著一件新裙子，看起來(lái)很漂亮。注意2：無(wú)論時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞，還是過(guò)去分詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和句子的主語(yǔ)一致。如不一致，則必須用狀語(yǔ)從句、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等其他表達(dá)方式。Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.()Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.()

Ifthethiefiscaught,thepolicewillpunishhim/her.()

1.Theboycamein,________(follow)byhisfather.2.Theboycamein,________(follow)hisfather.3._______(see)fromthehill,youwillfindourschoollooksmorebeautiful.

4.____(see)fromthehill,ourschoollooksmorebeautiful.5.Nervously_________(face)challenges,IbelieveIcanmakeit.6.________(face)withthesituation,Arnoldaskedhisbossforadvice.7._________(devote)toscience,Henrycan’tlookafterhischildren.8._________(devote)himselftoscience,Henrycan’t

lookafterhischildren.followedfollowingSeeingSeenfacingFacedDevotedDevotingPracticeCheckyo