特殊句式之公保含煙創(chuàng)作一、概說(shuō)特殊句式包括倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、反意疑問(wèn)句等.二、局部倒裝行將主語(yǔ)與助動(dòng)詞倒置，其構(gòu)造與一般疑問(wèn)句年夜致相似.英語(yǔ)中構(gòu)成局部倒裝的重要情形有：1.含否認(rèn)意義的詞(如never,hardly,seldom,little,few,notuntil,not,notonly,nosooner,nolonger,nowhere,bynomeans等)置于句首時(shí)，其後用局部倒裝.如：Hardlyhadshebegunspeakingwhentherewasaknockonthedoor.她剛開(kāi)端說(shuō)話就聽(tīng)到了敲門聲.Littledoweknowhislife.我們對(duì)他的生活理解得很少.Bynomeansshouldyoutellhimaboutit.你絕不要告知他這事.2.only加狀語(yǔ)（副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/從句）放在句首時(shí)，其後用局部倒裝.如：Onlyinthiswaycanyoudoitwell.只有這樣你才華做好.Onlywhenhereturnedhomedidherealizewhathadhappened.當(dāng)他回抵家裏時(shí)他才懂得出了什么事.3.so(neither,nor)暗示前面所說(shuō)的狀況也適合于後者時(shí)，用“so(neither,nor)+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”這樣的倒裝句式.如：HecansingEnglishsongsandsocanI.他會(huì)唱英語(yǔ)歌，我也會(huì).Hedidn'tseethefilm,andneitherdidI.他沒(méi)有看這部電影，我也沒(méi)有看.Sheisverybeautifulandsowashermotherwhenshewasyoung.她很漂亮，她媽媽年輕時(shí)也很漂亮.4.當(dāng)虛擬條件句具有were,should,had時(shí)，可省略if,將were，should,had置干句首.如：WereITom(=IfIwereTom),Iwouldrefuse.假如我是湯姆，我就會(huì)拒絕.HadIrealizedthat(=IfIhadrealizedthat),Iwouldhavedonesomething.我要是理解?理會(huì)了這一點(diǎn)，我可以會(huì)采用某種行動(dòng).5.so...that構(gòu)造中，將SO+adj.(adv.)置于句首時(shí)，其後要用倒裝語(yǔ)序.如：Socoldwastheweatherthatwehadtostayathome.天氣太冷，我們只好待在家裏.Sofastdoeslighttravelthatwecanhardlyimagineitsspeed.光速很快，我們簡(jiǎn)直沒(méi)法想象它的速度.三、完全倒裝行將謂語(yǔ)移到主語(yǔ)前.英語(yǔ)中構(gòu)成完全倒裝的情形重要有：1.以here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,off,away等副詞掃尾的句子，且句子主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，句子用完全倒裝.如：Herecomesthebus.公共汽車來(lái)了.Nowcomesyourturn.目前該你了.Thencameanewdifficulty.然後又發(fā)作了一種新的困難.ThedooropenedandincameMrLi.門開(kāi)了，李先生走了出去.注：若主語(yǔ)為代詞，則不用完全倒裝.如：Thedooropenedandinshecame.門開(kāi)了，她走了出去.2.將表語(yǔ)和所在狀語(yǔ)（多為介詞短語(yǔ)）置于句首加以強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其後一般常使用倒裝語(yǔ)序.如：AmongthemwasmyfriendJim.他們傍邊就有我的朋友吉姆.Aroundthelakearesometalltrees.湖的四面有些高樹(shù).注：在表語(yǔ)置于句首的倒裝結(jié)中，要注意其中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其後主語(yǔ)的數(shù)堅(jiān)持一致，而不是與位于句首的表語(yǔ)堅(jiān)持一致.四、it的主線使用方法it的主線使用方法包括：指事物，指植物或嬰兒，指上文提到的狀況，指身份不明的人，指時(shí)間、間隔、環(huán)境、天氣等自然現(xiàn)象，籠統(tǒng)地談?wù)撃碃顩r等.如：It'sstillraining.還在下雨.It'stwomilestothebeach.到海邊有兩英裏.Itwasveryquietinthecafe.咖啡館裏很寧?kù)o.Theygotababyanditwasverylovely.他們生了個(gè)孩子，很心愛(ài).Someonemusthavebeenhere.Butwehavenoideawhoitwas.一定有人來(lái)過(guò).但我們不懂得是誰(shuí).五、用作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)1.形式主語(yǔ)：當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為防止頭重腳輕，一般在句首使用形式主語(yǔ)it，而把真正的主語(yǔ)放在句子末尾.如：Didittakeyousuchalongtimetorecitethisshortpassage?你背誦這樣一小段文章花了這樣長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？It'snousesayinganymoreaboutit.再談這事沒(méi)有用了.It'snotknownwhereshewent.她到哪裏去了沒(méi)人懂得.2.形式賓語(yǔ)：當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句等用作賓語(yǔ)且其後跟有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，就應(yīng)在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)前使用形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的賓語(yǔ)移至句末.如：Ifinditeasytogetonwithher.我發(fā)現(xiàn)她很輕易相處.Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldstayhere.我認(rèn)為你最佳住這兒.Theyhaven'tmadeitknownwheretheyaretoholdtheconference.他們還沒(méi)宣布會(huì)議在哪裏召開(kāi).六、幾種特殊使用方法的it1.enjoy,like,dislike,love,hate,prefer,appreciate等動(dòng)詞後接if從句或when從句'一般應(yīng)先在動(dòng)詞後接it作形式賓語(yǔ).如：Shewon'tlikeitifyouarrivelate.她不喜歡你遲到.Hehatesitwhenpeopleusehisbike.他討厭他人用他的自行車.Ihateitifyousaysuchthingsinpublic.我討厭你在眾目睽睽之下說(shuō)那樣的事.I'dpreferitifIdidn'thavetodosomuchwork.要是我不用做那么多任務(wù)就太好了.Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyouwouldhelpmewithit.假如你能協(xié)助我做這件事，我會(huì)拾分感謝.2.用于如下特殊句型中：Itdoesn'tmatter(if)...……沒(méi)關(guān)系Itseems(appears)that(asif)...（看起來(lái)）似乎……Ithappensthat...碰巧……It's...since...自……以來(lái)有多久了.七、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的主線構(gòu)造：It+be+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that(who)….如：Itwasintheofficethathewasarrested.他就是在這間辦公室被捕的.Itisthechildrenwhobrokethewindow.是孩子們打破窗戶的.注：當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)，可用who替代其中的that,但當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間和所在時(shí)，不能用when和where替代that.2.被強(qiáng)調(diào)的局部是主語(yǔ)時(shí)，注意句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)堅(jiān)持一致.如：Itishewhoislate.就是他遲到了.Itistheythatwerelate.是他們遲到了.八、祈使句1.祈使句重要用于提出祈求，收回邀請(qǐng)，予以指示、忠告或正告，也可用于收回命令等.2.祈使句的特點(diǎn)是：一般不展現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)(you)，但有時(shí)為了指明向誰(shuí)收回祈求或命令，也可以說(shuō)出主語(yǔ)；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用原形；否認(rèn)式一律在動(dòng)詞前面加don't.如：Comethisway,madam.這邊走，夫人.Don'tlosethekey.別把鑰匙丟了.Someonefetchapailofwater.誰(shuí)去打一桶水來(lái).九、感慨句感慨句的主線構(gòu)造特點(diǎn)是：What+a(n)+adj+雙數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞）!What+adj.+不成數(shù)名詞或雙數(shù)可數(shù)名詞！How+adj.(adv.)（+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞）!How+adj.+a(n)+雙數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞）!如：Whatalovelydayitis!多好的天氣！Whatagoodheartyouhave!你的心真好！Whatinterestingstorieshe'stoldus!他給我們講的故事真有趣！Howclevertheboyis!這男孩真聰慧！Howcleveraboyheis!他這孩子真聰慧！拾、反意疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句的波及面很廣，可以波及的考點(diǎn)有：1.若陳說(shuō)局部具有seldom,hardly,never,rarely,few,nothing,nowhere等否認(rèn)詞或半否認(rèn)詞，其反意疑問(wèn)局部要用一定式.如：Dickrarelygotdrunk,didhe?迪克很少喝醉，是嗎？Heseldomcomestoseeyou,doeshe?他很少來(lái)看你，是嗎？但若陳說(shuō)局部具有帶否認(rèn)前綴的詞，反意疑問(wèn)局部仍用否認(rèn)式.如：Itisunfair，isn'tit?這不公道，不是嗎？Itisimpossible,isn'tit?那是不成能的，不是嗎？2.若陳說(shuō)局部的主語(yǔ)為somebody,someone,everyone,everybody,nobody,noone等復(fù)合不定代詞，其反意疑問(wèn)局部的主語(yǔ)在正式文體中用he，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中一般常使用they.如：Nobodywashurt,werethey?沒(méi)有一團(tuán)體受傷，是嗎？當(dāng)陳說(shuō)局部的主語(yǔ)是something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)局部的主語(yǔ)要用it.如：Nothingisimportant,isit?沒(méi)有什么重要的，是嗎？Everythingwasgoingwell,wasn'tit?一切都很順利，不是嗎？3.若陳說(shuō)局部具有動(dòng)詞have,則應(yīng)注意：若為助動(dòng)詞，反意疑問(wèn)局部也用have;若暗示“所有”，反意疑問(wèn)局部可以用have，也可以用do;若暗示“吃”、“玩”等意思，反意疑問(wèn)局部要用do,不能用have;若用于haveto，則一般常使用助動(dòng)詞do的形式，不外有時(shí)也可用have（尤其是暗示特定行為時(shí)）.如：Hehasalotofmoney,hasn't[doesn't]he?他有許多錢，不是嗎？Hedoesn'thaveanymoney,doeshe?他沒(méi)有錢，是嗎？Hehassupperatfive,doesn'the?他5點(diǎn)吃晚餐，是嗎？Heoftenhastogetupearly,doesn'the?他常常要早起，是嗎？4.若陳說(shuō)局部具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則狀況比擬復(fù)雜：在一般狀況下，當(dāng)陳說(shuō)局部具有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)局部會(huì)反復(fù)前面同樣的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；若具有must,則反意疑問(wèn)局部可以用mustn't或needn't（暗示“必需”或“有需要”時(shí)），也可以根據(jù)must後的動(dòng)詞形式來(lái)確定（當(dāng)must暗示推測(cè)時(shí)）.如：Theboycanreadandwrite,can'the?這男孩會(huì)讀寫，是嗎？Youmustleaveatonce,mustn't[needn't]you?你必需（有需要）立即分開(kāi)，是嗎？Hemustbetired,isn'the?他一定累了，是嗎？Hemusthavereadit,hasn't[didn't]he?他一定讀過(guò)，是嗎？5.若陳說(shuō)局部為祈使句，則其反意疑問(wèn)局部一般常使用willyou,won'tyou,wouldyou等，但若陳說(shuō)局部為否認(rèn)式，則反意疑問(wèn)局部只用willyou.如：Trytobebackbytwo,won'tyou?盡量?jī)牲c(diǎn)之前回來(lái)，好嗎？Don'tforgettoposttheletter,willyou?別忘了寄信，好嗎？注：當(dāng)祈使句為L(zhǎng)et's…時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)局部要用shallwe，然則當(dāng)祈使句為L(zhǎng)etus...時(shí)，則要分兩種狀況：即暗示祈求時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)局部用willyou;暗示提議時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句用shallwe.如：Let'sphonehernow,shallwe?我們目前就給她打電話，好嗎？Letusknowyouraddress,willyou?請(qǐng)把你的地址告知我們，好嗎？Letusgoswimmingtogether,shallwe?我們一起去游泳，好嗎？6.若陳說(shuō)局部為主從復(fù)合句，其反意疑問(wèn)局部一般應(yīng)與主句堅(jiān)持一致，但陳說(shuō)局部為Ithink(believe,suppose,etc.)that…時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)局部一般與從句堅(jiān)持一致（注意否認(rèn)的轉(zhuǎn)移）.如：ShesaidthatIdidit,didn'tshe?她說(shuō)是我干的，是嗎？Ithinkthatheiswrong,isn'the?我認(rèn)為他錯(cuò)了，是嗎（他錯(cuò)了嗎）?Idon'tsupposehewillcome,willhe?我想他不會(huì)來(lái)了，是嗎？7.幾種特殊狀況的反意疑問(wèn)句：若陳說(shuō)局部是I'm...，反意疑問(wèn)句一般常使用aren'tI；若陳說(shuō)局部是Iwish...，則反意疑問(wèn)局部一般常使用mayI.如：I'molderthanyou,aren'tI?我年齡比你年夜，對(duì)分歧毛病？Iwishtogowiththem,mayI?我想同他們一起去，可以嗎？診斷測(cè)試()1.Look!_______.AHerethebuscomesBHerecomesthebusCComesherethebusDThebuscomeshere()2._____expensivethetrousersare!AWhatBWhataCHowDWhatan()3.-----Don’tforgettoturnoffthelightwhenyouleave.-----Don’tworry.I_______.Adon’tBwon’tCcan’tDhaven’t()4.Mymothercanhardlyrideabike,and_______.Asocan’tmyfatherBcan’tmyfathereitherCmyfathercan’ttooDneithercanmyfather()5It’ssundytoday.Let’sgoandclimbthehill,______?Awon’tweBwillyouCdon’tweDshallwe()6-----Sorry,I’mlateforthemeeting.-----_____don’tmatterthistime.Pleasecomeearliernexttime.AthisBthatCItDOne()7_______wasimportantforTomtopasstheexam.AItBHeCThisDThat()8_______greatdayOctober1,was!AHowaBWhataCHowDWhat()9------Youfoundyourkeysintheoffice,didn’tyou.-------No,Itwas______Ifoundthem.AintheclassroomBintheclassroomthatCintheclassroomwhereDtheclassroomwhere()10You’vedroppedyourmobilephon.______please.APickupitBPickitupCTakeupitDBringitup經(jīng)典真題（）1-----IhearYangYanmadeanEnglishspeechatthegraduationceremonyyesterday.-----______,and______.ASoshedid;sodidIBSodidshe;soIdidCSoshewas;soIwasDSowasshe;soIwas（）2----TwoEveningPapers,please!-----Onlyonecopyleft.Wouldyoulike_____,sir?AoneBitCthisDthat()3Marygotgoodgradesinschool._____excitedsheis!AWhatBWhataCHowDHowa()4_____sleeptoolate.It’sbadforyourhealth.ADoBNotCDon’tDPleasenot()5E—mailisverypopulartoday.Peopleseldomwritelettersnow,_______?AdidtheyBdotheyCdidn’ttheyDdon’tthey()6Ourhometownismorebeautifulthanbefore,______-?Aisn’titBisitCdoesn’titDdoesit()7---MillionsofpeopleknowaboutSusannow,_______?-----______,shebecomeswell-knownbecauseofhersuccessonBritain’sGotTalent.Adothey;NoBdothey;YesCdon’tthey;YesDdon’tthey;Yes8Don’tforgettoputthebookbackontheshelf,_____?AdoyouBdon’tyouCwillyouDwon’tyou9Youhaven’tbeentoBeijing,haveyou?---______.HowIwishtogothere.AYes,IhaveBNo,Ihaven’tCYesIhaven’tDNo,Ihave10Idon’tthinkhecandriveacar,____?AdoyouBcanheCcan’theDdon’tyou11Itwasatthebusstop____hegavemethedictionaryyesterday.AthatBwhatCwhichDwhen12Mary’smotheroftentellsherthatsheshouldkeepherroomtidy,but____don’thelp.AheBwhichCsheDit13---Youwon’tleavethebabyathomealone,willyou?----_____.It’sverydangerous.ANo,Iwon’tBYes,Iwi