重難點04閱讀理解B篇（說明文為主）

爸題趨勢』

■d

考點三年考情分析2025考向預測

細節理解題：占據較大比例，考查2024年說明文主要介紹了鹽從哪主題范圍：涵蓋了科技、文化、環

考生對文章具體內容和數據的準保、自然科學、社會現象等多個領

里來的。2023年說明文文主要介紹

確把握。域，主題豐富多樣，具有一定的時

了維他命D的重要性及如何獲取代性和科學性。

主旨大意題：要求考生概括文章的

維他命D。2022年說明文介紹一些

主要內容和核心觀點。詞匯難度：會出現一些學科術語和

公司使用不同類型的辦公桌來幫較復雜的詞匯，但通常會在上下文

推理判斷題：基于文章提供的信息中提供一定的解釋或線索，幫助考

助他們的員工。

進行合理的推斷和猜測。生理解。

<1

重難詮釋

【題型解讀】

中考英語閱讀理解說明文是以說明為主要表達方式用來說明事物，闡明事理的一種文體。從內容特點

看二說明文從內容上主要圍繞下列主題而展開，科普知識類、動植物特性類、自然現象類、新產品、新工

藝介紹類、風土人情類。文中解釋性、定義性、說明性句子較多，長難句較多。實驗、研究型文章一般會

以實驗的過程、進展為線索，多用描述法、問題與對策法等方法，通過列數據、做對比等來說明新的科學

研究發現及其產生的影響。介紹說明型文章通常是介紹一種新產品、新技術，更多運用描述法從功能、用

途、材料和市場前景等方面進行介紹。從語言特點看：說明文中專業術語較多，抽象程度高，解題難度大,

容易拉開考生分數檔次。閱讀理解主要考查考生對詞匯和句式的掌握和運用情況。說明文由于句式復雜等

特點，相對于其他體裁的文章來說難度更大。從結構特點看：客觀、簡練，文章很少表達作者的情感傾向。

一般說來，英語說明文與其他文體一樣，文章所涉及的內容不外乎以下幾個方面，即who—?what-when一■

where-how-why。從命題形式看:常見的說明文的主要命題形式有事實細節題、詞義推斷題、推理判

斷題、主旨概括題、觀點態度題以及寫作意圖等題型。說明文通常采用以下結構形式：

總分或總——分式和分——總式結構，以及完整的“總——分——總”結構。

遞進式:事理說明文常用這種結構形式，通常由淺入深、由表及里、由現象到本質，逐層遞進，一層一層地

剖析事理。

并列式:.文章各部分的內容沒有主次輕重之分。

對賬式:.通過兩個事物的比較和對照說明其異同。

【重難詮釋】

一、主旨大意題

方法1文章大意總結法

文章大意，就是對整篇文章的主旨大意進行提煉概括。主要考查學生對整篇文章主旨大意的理解歸納能力。

Whenacceptinggifts,rulesaredifferenthereinChinaandinthewest.

AnnaScheen,fromtheNetherlands,waspuzzled（困惑的）whenshegaveapresenttoherChinesefriendsfor

thefirsttime.nTheyrefusedtoacceptittwoorthreetimes,andwhentheyfinallyaccepted,theydidn'topenit.

Theyjusttookitandputitaway.Afterthat,Ineverheardaboutitagain.Theynevermentionedwhethertheyliked

itornot."shesaid.

Inthewest,itispolitetoopenawrapped（包裝好的）giftinfrontofthegiverandsaythanks.However,the

situationisdifferentinChina.Peopleusuallyopenthegiftafterthegiverhasleft.Openingagiftinfrontofthe

giverisregardedasimpolite.

Themainideaofthepassageisabout.

A.thedifferentrulesofacceptingpresents

B.howtogiveagiftinChina

C.howtochooseagoodgift

D.thewesternrulesofacceptinggifts

方法2段落大意總結法

段落大意，就是對文章的某一段落的主旨大意進行提煉概括。主要考查學生對文章中某一段落主旨大意的

理解歸納能力。

NateRobinsonisunlikeanyotherplayerintheNBA.ThisplayeristheshortestintheNBA,butheisoneofthe

mostfearlessplayers.Heis1.75mtall."InNBA,helookslikeafourth-graderamongagroupofhighschool

students."accordingtoTheAtlantic.

Howcanhecompete（競爭）withthem?...

Paragraph1ofthereportmainlytalksabout.

A.howgreatNateRobinsonis

B.howNateRobinsonisunlikeanyotherplayer

C.howfearlessNateRobinsonis

D.whoNateRobinsonis

方法3標題判斷法

標題判斷，就是根據文章內容，在選項中判斷出一個與之相符的標題。主要考查學生對文章大意理解和概

括的能力。

AChinesemancalledCaiLuninventedpaperalmost2000yearsago.Nowpapercomesfromtrees.Weusea

lotofpapereveryday.Ifwekeeponwastingsomuchpaper,therewillnotbeanytreesleftontheearth.Sohow

canwesavepaper?

Wecanusebothsidesofeverypieceofpaper,especiallywhenwearemakingnotes.Wecanchoosedrinksin

bottlesinsteadofthoseinpaperpackets（小包）.Wecanalsousehandkerchiefs（手帕）andnotpaperones.When

wegoshopping,wecanusefewerpaperbags...

Everyonecanhelptosavepaper.Andweshoulddoitnow,beforeitistoolate.

Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.SavingPaper

B.TheHistoryofPaper

C.CottonHandkerchiefsBackAgain

D.CaiLunInventedPaper

二、詞義猜測題

方法1詞義猜測法

詞義猜測指通過構詞、定義、對比、因果、常識、同義、反義及語境等確定詞義。通常包括生詞釋義、

熟詞新義。考查學生聯系主旨、結合上下文對詞匯的理解辨別能力。

【示例】Thenwhatwouldhappenifhedidn'tthinkcriticallybeforehemadethedecisions?Afterthecrazy

“Double11",therewereusuallyalotofcomplaintsontheInternet.Therewereregretsaboutbuyingmorethings

thantheyneeded.Therewerecomplaintsaboutthepoorqualityandthepricesofthethingstheybought.

Theunderlinedword“complaints“meansthatthepeople..

A.arenotsatisfiedB.arenotconfidentC.arenotinterestedD.arenotresponsible

方法2短語及句子猜測法

短語猜測是指利用上下文語境推測短語的意義。考查學生聯系主旨、結合上下文對詞組的理解辨別能力。

【示例1Jimlikessugarandcakesverymuch.Healwayseatssomefoodwithsugarbeforegoingtobed.

Onemorning,Jimwascryinginbedbeforehegotup.

"What'sthematter,dear?"hismotheraskedinahurry.

"Pvegotatoothache,"saidJim.

Sohismothertookhimtothedentists.Thedentistlookedhimoverandextracthisbadtoothatlast.

Twodayslater,Jimwenttoschool.Mrs.Huntaskedhim,nWhatwasthematterwithyouthosedays,Jim?"

“Ihadahadtoothache,madam,nansweredJim.

"Oh,Pmsorrytohearthat,"saidMrs.Hunt."Isitbetternow?"

“1don'tknow,madam.Ileftitatthedentists."

WhatistheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase"extract”?

A.cutapartB.pulloutC.takeoffD.mixup

［示例］Abigcompanywantedaclerk,soJohnwentthere.Intheinterviewthedirectoraskedhimaquestion.

“Whopaidforyourschool?”

“Mymotherpaidforitbywashingclothes.^^

Hearingthis,thedirectoraskedJohntoshowhishands.Johnshowedapairofhandsthatwereperfect.The

directorsaid,“Whenyougobacktoday,goandcleanyourmother'shands,andthenseemetomorrowmorning.

WhenJohnwentback,hehappilyaskedhismothertolethimcleanherhands.However,histearsfellashe

cleanedhismother'shands.Itwasthefirsttimehenoticedthatthereweretoomanybruises（傷痕）inhismother's

|hands.|Afterfinishingthecleaningofhismother'shands,Johnquietlywashedalltheremainingclothesforhis

mother.

65.Fromtheunderlinedsentence,welearn.

A.Johntriedhisbesttowashclothesforhismother

B.Johnoftenhelpedhismotherdothehousework

C.Johnhardlyhelpedhismotherwashclothes

方法3指代猜測法

指代猜測指依據語境的邏輯關系，判斷劃線的人稱代詞或指示代詞在文章中指代的對象。考查考生對文章

中敘述的特定的人、物、事件的再認能力。解這類題時，應注意代詞指代的總原則——就近指代。

【示例】Whenyoutraveltoothercountries,youcanbeservedwithdifferentnewfoodsandknowmorethings

aboutdifferentcustoms（風俗）.Youreadallthesefrombooksinthepast,butnowyouhaveachancetoknowthem

clearly.Youcanalsomakenewfriendsfromdifferentcountries.Theycanhelpyouknowmoreabouttheirown

countries.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"refertoinParagraph3?

A.Friends.B.Teachers.C.Countries.D.Customs.

【示例】Whenhewasgoingtogetofftheplane,thepassengeraskedtheairhostesstohandhim|the|

Ipassengers，bookie].Shewasverysad.Sheknewthathewouldwritedownsharpwords,butwithasmileshe

handedittohim.

32.Theunderlinedword"it"inParagraph4referstothe.

A.medicineB.waterC.cupD.booklet

方法4根據上下文語境猜測詞義法

一般情況，猜詞時可根據結合上下文的意義、線索、內在邏輯關系進行猜測。上下文所提示的意義與所考詞

匯通常是同義、反義或針對性解釋的關系，可直接確定詞義。根據上下文意義很難判斷出來的，就考慮用句法

和內在邏輯關系去判斷，符合句法和內在邏輯的可能為正確答案，反之則排除。

【示例】"IntheUS,ifIgototheuniversitytostudy,everythingisavailable-likee-books,Braillebooks.Herein

Indonesia,youknow,itisdifficulttofindareferencebookine-bookorinBraille.Wehavetomakeitourselves.In

theUS,IcanmovewhereverIwantbecauseeverythingdesignedisreallyaccessibleforpeoplewithblindness.^^

Theunderlinedword^accessible^inthethirdparagraphmightmean.

A.funtouseB.easytoreachC.hardtobreakD.safetochoose

【典例剖析】

Passage1

【來源】天津市河北區2024-2025學年九年級上學期期末英語試題

Hi,youngfriends!Welcometotheotherhalfofninthgrade.You'rehalfwaythroughtheschoolyear,but

there9sstillmuchtolearnanddiscover.So,lefsgetstartedandfindsomeeasymethodstostudy!

Firstly,oneimportantthingistohaveaquietandcomfortableplacetostudy.Itcanbeacornerinyourroom

orapeacefulareaatthelibrary.Findsomewhererelaxing.There,youcanpayfullattentiontoyourstudies.

Next,it'sagoodideatomakeastudyplan.Astudyplanhelpsyouplanyourtimeandhaveenoughtimefor

eachsubject.Youcandivideyourdayintosmallstudyperiodsandtakeshortbreaks.Thisway,youwon'tgettoo

boredortired.

Andthen,inordertorememberthingsbetter,youcanwritedownimportantpointsordrawpicturestohelp

youunderstandtheinformationbetter.Ifsnecessaryforyoutotakenoteswhilestudying.Theywillbean

importantreminder（提示）whenyouwanttogooverwhatyou'velearned.Anotherfunwaytostudyisbymaking

knowledgecards.Writequestionsononesideandtheanswersontheother.Then,youcantestyourselforeven

playwithafriend.Thatisagreatwaytolearnnewwords,meanings,orhistoricaldates!

Sometimes,studyingwithfriendscanbeenjoyable.Youcanformstudygroupsandworktogetherontasks

orprojects.It'slikehavingateamwhereeveryonehelpsandlearnsfromeachother.Also,studyingwithfriends

canmakeitmorefun!

Lastly,don'tforgettoaskyourteachersforhelpifyoumeettheproblemswithasubject.Theyarethereto

guideyouandansweryourquestions,sodon'tbeshy!

Learningisajourney,youngfriends,andthispartofthejourneyfortheotherhalfofninthgradecanbe

excitingandfun.Remember,everystepyoutakebringsyouclosertodiscoveriesandachievements（成就）.So,

keepitup,andenjoyyourstudies!

16.WhatdoesthewritermainlytalkaboutinParagraph2?

A.Theadvantageoffullattentiontoyourstudies.

B.Theadvantageofapeacefulareaatthelibrary.

C.Theimportanceofagoodenvironmentforstudy.

D.Theimportanceofacomfortablecornerinyourroom.

17.AccordingtoParagraph3,whatcanyoudotoavoidfeelingboredwhilestudying?

A.Takesomeshortbreaks.B.Writedownimportantpoints.

C.Formstudygroupswithfriends.D.Usewordcardstorememberthings.

18.Whatdoestheword"They"inParagraph4referto?

A.Notes.B.Pictures.C.Studyperiods.D.Importantpoints.

19.Whatdoesthewritersuggestwedoifwehavetroublewithasubject?

A.Takeabreakfromstudying.B.Findaquietplacetostudy.

C.Paymoreattentiontostudies.D.Lookforhelpfromourteachers.

20.Thewriterwrotethepassagemainlyto.

A.lookforjobsB.askforopinions

C.offersuggestionsD.shareexperiences

Passage2

【來源】天津市西青區2024-2025學年九年級上學期期末考試英語試題

Youmayhaveaprobleminyourheadfortoolong.Howdoyoudealwithit?Talktoyourparentaboutit!

Here'showtodoso:

Findarightplaceandtimetotalk.First,findatimewhenyourparentsaren'tbusy.Saytothem,“Mum(or

Dad),couldItalktoyouaboutmyproblem?^^They'llbehappytositdownandtalkaboutit.

Tellthemyourproblem.Thismaybehardifyou'reafraidofyourparents,butyouhavetodoitifyouwant

tosolveyourproblem.Andaskwhatyoushoulddo.

Ififshardtotalktoyourparents,practisefirst.Speaktosomeanimalsandtrytellingthemyourproblem.

Afterafew“conversations”,youmayhavethecouragetospeaktoyourparents.

Aftergettingadvice,thankthemandtrytofollowit.Theadvicewillprobablywork,andyoucansolveyour

problemeasilywiththeirhelp.Itispolitetothankthem,andtheymayfeelhappier.

21.Thewriteradvisesyoutowhenyouhaveaproblem.

A.talktoyourparentaboutit

B.writeadiary

C.eatsomedeliciousfood

D.listentomusictorelaxourselves

22.Whymightitbehardtotellyourparentsyourproblem?

A.Becauseyouthinkyourparentswon'tunderstandtheproblematall.

B.Becauseyoumightbeafraidofyourparents.

C.Becauseparentsalwaysfeelworriedyouwhenyouarespeaking.

D.Becauseyoudon'twanttowasteyourparents5timewithyourproblem.

23.Whatcanyoudoifyoufindithardtotalktoparents?

A.Thinkovertheproblem.B.Talktofriendsinstead.

C.Practisebyspeakingtoanimals.D.Waitforparentstoask.

24.Aftergettingadvicefromparents,whatshouldyoudo?

A.Forgetaboutit.B.Thankthemandtrytofollowit.

C.Beangrywiththem.D.Onlythankthem.

25.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofparents?advice?

A.Itwillmaketheproblemworse.

B.Itwillprobablysolvetheproblemeasily.

C.Itwillhavenoeffect.

D.Itwillonlymakeyoufeelbetter.

『瀛時J（建議用時：40分鐘）

L-----------------------il

A

【來源】天津市和平區2024-2025學年九年級上學期期末英語試題

Thewatercycleisanaturalprocessthattakeswaterfromthegroundandtheskyandbringsitbacktothe

earthagain.

Thewatercyclealwaysbeginswithwatervapor（蒸氣）.Whenit'shotoutside,youcanseecloudsforming

inthesky.Thesecloudsaremadeofwatervaporthatcomesfromtheground,plantsandrivers.Aswatervapor

risesintothesky,itcoolsdownandbecomesclouds.Afterthat,cloudstravelthroughtheskyandfallbacktoEarth

asrainorsnow.Then,waterrunsthroughriversandoceansandfinallyreturnstotheearthagainindifferentforms

likerainwaterorsnow.

ThewatercycleplaysanimportantroleinprotectingourEarth'sclimate.Itprovidesuswithwatertodrink

andkeepsourclimatehealthy.Ontopofthat,ittakeswaterfromriversandoceansandbringsittotheareasthat

don'thaveenoughwater.Withoutthecycle,wewouldfacemanyproblems.Whenthereistoomuchwaterinone

place,itbecomesaflood（洪水）.Whenwaterisbadlyinneed,itbecomesadrought（旱災）.

Thewatercycleisanaturalprocessthatkeepsourplanetalive.Understandingthewatercyclecanhelpus

enjoythebeautyofnature,knowhowourplanetworksanddevelopbettermethodstoprotectourEarth.

1.Whichistherightorderofthewatercycleaccordingtothetext?

?Waterreturnstotheground.

②Rainorsnowfallsdown.

③Watervaporrisesup.

?Cloudsareformedinthesky.

A.③②④①B.④②③①C.④③②①D.③④②①

2.Whyisthewatercycleimportant?

A.Itkeepstheclimatehealthy.

B.Itshowsthebeautyofnature.

C.Itbringswarmweather.

D.Itcleanstheairandtheground.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph3referto?

A.Earth'sclimate.B.Watervapor.C.Drinkingwater.D.Thewatercycle.

4.Whichfactsofthefollowingaretrueaccordingtothepassage?

?WatervaporcankeepourEarthwarm.

②WaterreturnstoEarthinonlyoneform.

?Watervaporbecomescloudswhenitcoolsdown.

?Theremaybesomedisasters（災難）withoutwatervapor.

A.②③B.③④C.①②D.①④

5.Whatisthewriter'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Toencouragepeopletosavewater.

B.Tohelppeoplesolvewaterproblems.

C.Toinspirepeopletogetclosetonature.

D.Tocallonpeopletoprotectourplanet.

B

【來源】天津市濱海新區2024-2025學年九年級上學期期末英語試題

Jingdezhenhaslongbeenknownforitsrichceramic（陶瓷）history.Thiscityhasattracted（吸弓I）many

youngceramiclovers.

TaoxichuanCeramicArtAvenueislocatedintheeastofthecity.Itusedtobeanoldfactoryarea.Today,this

culturalblock（街區）hasbecomeafamoustouristattraction.Thereareceramicsschools,museums,andshopson

theblock.

Theceramicnightfairthereisverypopular.Peoplesetupstallstoselltheirworks.Therearemanydifferent

kindsofceramics.Plates,jewelry（珠寶），andotherworksofartcanbefoundthere.Thesecreativeworksarea

blend（融合）oftraditionandmodernity.Thevendors（攤販）notonlyselltheirproductstotourists,butalsosell

themontheInternet.

YeSenisoneofthesevendors.Thisyoungartistisgoodatbothdrawingandceramicsmaking.Shefirst

createsfigures（人像），drawsthem,andthenmakesceramicsoutofthem.Shedoesallthesethingsalone.66Icame

tothecitytopursue（追求）mydreamandshowmyceramicstotheworld,9,shesaid.64Ihopetopassonthisancient

craft（手藝）!”

6.WhatdoweknowaboutTaoxichuanCeramicArtAvenue?

A.Itusedtobeanoldshoppingmall.B.Itisafamousplaceofinterestnow.

C.Therearemanylibrariesontheblock.D.ItislocatedinthesouthofJingdezhen.

7.Whatcannotbefoundattheceramicnightfair?

A.Plates.B.Jewelry.C.Tool.D.Worksofart.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stalls“inparagraph3meaninChinese?

A.工廠B.公園C.圖書館D.攤位

9.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowYeSen.

A.makesceramicsbyherselfB.isgoodatdrawingjewelry

C.isalocalpersoninTaoxichuanD.makesceramicswiththehelpofothers

10.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?

C

【來源】天津市第二南開學校2024-2025學年九年級上學期期末英語試題

Foodacrossborders（邊境）

Thehistoryoffoodsisneversimple.Thinkofice-cream,manypeopleseeitasaWesterndessert.However,

thissweettreatactuallycamefromChina!IntheZhouDynasty,Chinesepeoplebegantostorewintericetoenjoy

insummer.IntheSongDynasty,peoplestartedtomakebinglao——itjustmeans“icecream^^inEnglish.Itwasa

lotlikemodemicecream.FolktaleshaveitthatEmperorHuizongsufferedfromstomachpainsaftereatingtoo

muchice.IntheYuanDynasty,MarcoPolotastedbinglaoandcarriedtheideaallthewaybacktoEurope.People

thereaddedheavycreamandnewtastes.Therestishistory!

Sometimes,totallydifferentcultureshavesimilardishes.Iraniansloveakindofflatbread,sangak.Peoplein

Shaanxi,China,lovestonepancakes.Thesetwolookalmostthesame!Peopleoftencompareroujiamoto

hamburgers,asymbolofAmericanfood!Manypeoplecallitthe"Chinesehamburger”.Butinfact,theareasof

Venezuelalookmorelikethetwinbrotherofroujiamo!

Foodisabridgebetweencultures.Whenfoodscrossborders,sweetthingscanhappen.

11.Wheredidice-creamoriginallycomefrom?

A.Europe.B.America.C.China.D.Iran.

12.WhendidChinesepeoplestarttomakesomethingsimilartomodemicecream?

A.TheZhouDynasty.B.TheSongDynasty.

C.TheYuanDynasty.D.TheMingDynasty.

13.WhocarriedtheideaofbinglaotoEurope?

A.EmperorHuizong.B.MarcoPolo.

C.Anunknowntraveler.D.AEuropeanmerchant.

14.WhatdoestheareasofVenezeulalooklike?

A.hamburger.B.ice-cream.C.sangak.D.roujiamo.

15.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Foodisabridgebetweencultures95?

A.Foodscancauseculturaldifferences.

B.Foodscanhelpdifferentculturesunderstandandcommunicate.

C.Foodsareonlyimportantintheirowncultures.

D.Foodsshouldnotbesharedbetweendifferentcultures.

D

（2024?天津?中考真題）Salthasalwaysbeenimportanttopeople.Inthepast,itwasasvaluableasgold.

Overtheyears,peoplediscovereddifferentwaystogetsalt.Someearlypeoplegotsaltfromrocks.Inotherplaces,

peoplegotsaltfromthesea.Theytookseawaterandputitinthesun.Afteralongtime,thewaterdriedup（耗盡）.

Thenpeoplecouldgetsalt.

Today,peoplestillgetsaltfromthesea.Butmostsaltcomesfromsaltmines（礦）andsaltwells（井）.How

dopeoplegetsaltfromsaltmines?Theydigdeepintothegroundforit.Togetsaltfromsaltwells,peopleputtwo

pipes（管子）intotheground.Waterissentdownthroughoneofthepipes.Andthewaterismixedwiththesaltin

saltwells.Itmakessaltwater.Thenthesaltwaterispushedupthroughtheotherpipe.Later,thesaltistakenoutof

thesaltwater.

Peopleonceworkedhardtofindandmakesalt.Now,peoplecanbuyitatanyfoodstore.

1.Someearlypeoplegotsaltfrom.

A.flowersB.fruitsC.treesD.rocks

2.Whydidpeopleputseawaterinthesun?

A.Togetsalt.B.Tocatchfish.

C.Towashclothes.D.Towatercrops.

3.Howdopeoplegetsaltfromsaltmines?

A.Bymixingsandwithgold.B.Bydiggingdeepintotheground.

C.Byputtingoilonrocks.D.Bythrowingstonesintothesea.

4.Whatistherightorderof