PAGE1-課時提能練(六)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·昆明質量檢測)Batsaretheonlymammals(哺乳動物)thatcanflyalongdistance，buttheyhaveanotherability.Manybatsliveaverylongtimeforananimaloftheirsize.Europeanresearchersarestudyingbatstounderstandwhytheylivesolong.Theyhopetomakediscoveriesaimedatfightingtheagingprocessinhumanbeings.Lastweek，thegroupofscientistssaidtheyhaddiscoveredimportantbiologicalqualitiesinsomebatspecies.Thegroupstudiedbatchromosomes(染色體)．Thescientistsweremostinterestedinstructuresconnectedtotheendsofthechromosomes.Theyarecalledtelomeres(端粒)，whichshorteneachtimeacelldivides.Thescientistsbelievethisshorteningprocesscausescellstobreakdown.Theysaythisiswhatcausesaging.TheEuropeanresearchersstudied493batsfromfourbatspecies.Thegroupusedinformationthathadbeengatheredovermorethan60years.Oftheseanimals，thegreatermouse-earedbatgenerallylivedanaverageof37years.Thescientistssaidithadtelomeresthatdidnotshortenwithage.AnotherMyotisholdtherecordforoldestage，reaching41years.Thescientists'findingssuggestthatthesebats'cellshavetheabilitytokeepandrepairtheirtelomeres.This，theysaid，helpsguardagainsttheagingprocess.Basedonitsbodysize，abatlikethegreatermouse-earedbatwouldbeexpectedtolivefouryears.But，thesemammalshavebeenfoundtolivenearly10timeslongerthanthat.Thescientistsfoundthatonly19speciesofmammalslivelongerthanhumanswhentheirbodysizeisconsidered.18ofthesearebats.TheonlyexceptionisanunusualAfricanrat.【語篇解讀】該文是一篇探討性試驗報告。歐洲探討人員通過探討蝙蝠來了解它們長壽的緣由。1．Whatdecidesbats'agingprocessaccordingtothetext?A．Thelengthoftelomeres.B．Thebodysizeofthebat.C．Thetypesofchromosomes.D．Thebuildingofcells.A[細微環節理解題。依據其次段中的“Thescientistsweremostinterestedinstructuresconnectedtotheendsofthechromosomes.Theyarecalledtelomeres(端粒)，whichshorteneachtimeacelldivides.Thescientistsbelievethisshorteningprocesscausescellstobreakdown.Theysaythisiswhatcausesaging”可知，科學家們對連接到染色體末端的結構最感愛好。它們被稱為端粒，每次細胞分裂時它會縮短。科學家們信任這個縮短的過程會導致細胞分裂。他們說這是導致變老的緣由，由此可知，端粒的長度確定了蝙蝠變老的過程。故選A。]2．Howlongdoesagreatermouse-earedbatgenerallylive?A．19years. B．37years.C．41years. D．60years.B[細微環節理解題。依據第三段中的“Oftheseanimals，thegreatermouse-earedbatgenerallylivedanaverageof37years”可知，在這些動物中，通常大鼠耳蝠的平均壽命為37歲。故選B。]3．Wecanlearnfromthetextthat.A．thescientistshavestudiedbatsformorethansixdecadesB．19kindsofbatscouldlivelongerthanhumansC．thebatsstudiedintheresearchareofthesamespeciesD．researchersfocusonfindingoutwhyhumanslivelongA[推理推斷題。依據第三段中的“TheEuropeanresearchersstudied493batsfromfourbatspecies.Thegroupusedinformationthathadbeengatheredovermorethan60years”可知，歐洲的探討人員探討了四種蝙蝠中的493只蝙蝠。該組探討人員運用了超過60年間收集的信息。故可推斷出選項A的表述“thescientistshavestudiedbatsformorethansixdecades(科學家們對蝙蝠進行了60多年的探討)”是正確的。]4．Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanyoureadthetext?A．Lifestyle. B．Business.C．Science. D．Fashion.C[推理推斷題。本文是對蝙蝠長壽緣由的探究并且探討人員都是科學家，所以應當是在雜志中科研方面的專欄，所以選項C是正確的。]B(2024·江西名校檢測)Anewstudyhasidentifiedpollutionastheworld'sNo.1killer.Studyorganizerssaypollutionisresponsibleformoreprematuredeathsthanwar，terrorism，naturaldisasters，smokinganddisease.Bysayingprematuredeath，theresearchersmeandyingbeforetheaverageageofdeathwithinapopulationgroup.Manyofthesedeathscanbeprevented.AreportonthestudywaspublishedinthemedicaljournalTheLancet.Theresearcherslookedatpollutionlevels，bothinsideenclosed(封閉的)buildingsandintheworldaroundus.Theyconcludedthatpollutionkilledabout9millionpeoplein2015.Thatwouldrepresentoneofeverysixdeathsworldwide.KartiSandilyahelpedtopreparethereport.Hesaid，“Pollutiondamagesfundamentalhumanrights，suchastherighttolife，health，well-being，safeworkaswellastheprotectionofchildrenandthemostvulnerable(易受損害的)．”Thereportsaidthelargemajorityofpollution-relateddeathstakeplaceindevelopingcountries.Theresearcherssayleadersinthosecountriesaremoreconcernedaboutbuildingtheireconomicsandpublicservicesthanenvironmentalcontrols.SomeofthemostaffectedcountriesareBangladesh，China，Haiti，India，Pakistan，NorthKoreaandSouthSudan.ButRichardFuller，anotherwriterofthereport，saidpollutionistiedtosloweconomicdevelopmentinbothrichandpoornations.Hesaid，“Financeministersstillholdfirmlythatyouhavetoletindustrypollutionorelseyouwon'tdevelop.Whatpeopledon'trealizeisthatpeoplewhoaresickordeadcannotcontributetotheeconomy.Theyneedtobelookedafter.”Thereportsaidthat9millionprematuredeathsayearisonlyaconservativefigure.Itsaidtheactualnumberislikelytobemuchhigher.AseparatestudybytheWorldBanksaidreducingpollutionmustbeatopgoal.Itsaidthatsettlingthisproblemwouldleadtoapproachestootherdangers，includingpoornutrition(養分)andrisingtemperaturesontheEarth'ssurface.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。探討人員發覺，污染是當今世界的第一大殺手，削減污染必需成為人類的首要目標。5．Whichismainlytoblameforpollutionaccordingtothereport?A．Poorcountries. B．Richcountries.C．Commonpeople. D．Thegovernment.D[細微環節理解題。依據第四、第五段內容可知，在國家層面上，為污染負主要責任的是政府。文中的“leadersinthosecountriesaremoreconcernedaboutbuildingtheireconomicsandpublicservicesthanenvironmentalcontrols”和“Financeministersstillholdfirmlythatyouhavetoletindustrypollutionorelseyouwon'tdevelop”都充分說明白這一點。]6．Whatdoesanotherresearcherfind?A．Pollutionisseriousinbothrichandpoorcountries.B．Prematuredeathscannotbepreventedworldwide.C．Pollutionhassomethingtodowithslowdevelopment.D．Pollutionhascausedmoreprematuredeathsthanexpected.C[細微環節理解題。依據文章的第四、五兩段特殊是第五段第一句“ButRichardFuller，anotherwriterofthereport，saidpollutionistiedtosloweconomicdevelopmentinbothrichandpoornations”可知，應選C項。]7．Whyis“Aseparatestudy”mentionedinthelastparagraph?A．Toprovidemoreinformationaboutpollution.B．Tomakethefindingsofthefirststudymoreconvincing.C．Tooffermorespecificapproachestodealwithpollution.D．Toemphasizetherelationshipbetweenpollutionandglobalwarming.B[推理推斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要說明白污染是當今世界的第一大殺手這一事實以及存在的錯誤觀念，而文中最終一段中的“AseparatestudybytheWorldBanksaidreducingpollutionmustbeatopgoal”也正示意了這一事實的嚴峻性和解決此問題的緊迫性，所以可推斷出“Aseparatestudy”在這里的作用是使上文提到的探討更加具有勸服力。]8．Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthetitleofthepassage?A．PollutionIstheWorld'sNumberOneKillerB．PollutionIsBecomingIncreasinglySeriousC．WhatMakesPollutionIncreasinglySeriousD．HowPeopleDealwithPollutionWorldwideA[標題推斷題。文章開頭的第一句“Anewstudyhasidentifiedpollutionastheworld'sNo.1killer”指出污染是當今世界的第一大殺手，接下來談到的與污染相關的其他方面也都是圍繞污染對人類生命造成威逼這一主題綻開的。故答案為A。]Ⅱ.短文改錯(2024·合肥檢測)LastSaturdayourclasswenthikinginacountryside.Wemeetatourschoolgateandsetoffat8：00a．m.Ontheway，weweresingingandlaughinghappilywhileagirlsuddenlyfellintoadeephole.Shefeltsofrighteningandevenburstintotears.Oneofmyclassmatefoundalongropeandwefinallygothimout.Fortunately，shedidn'tsufferseriouslyinjuries，butitseemedthatherankleslightlytwisted.Wemanagedtosendinghertothenearesthospital.Itisanexperiencewe'llneverforgetit，thoughwedidn'tenjoyourselvesverymuchthatday.【答案】LastSaturdayourclasswenthikingineq\f(a,the)countryside.Weeq\f(meet,met)atourschoolgateandsetoffat8：00a．m.Ontheway，weweresingingandlaughinghappilyeq\f(while,when)agirlsuddenlyfellintoadeephole.Shefeltsoeq\f(frightening,frightened)andevenburstintotears.Oneofmyeq\f(classmate,classmates)foundalongropeandwefinallygoteq\f(him,her)out.Fortunately，shedidn'tsuffereq\f(seriously,serious)injuries，butitseemedthatherankleeq\o(∧,\s\do10(was))slightlytwisted.Wemanagedtoeq\f(sending,send)hertothenearesthospital.Itisanexperiencewe'llneverforgeteq\o(it,＼)，thoughwedidn'tenjoyourselvesverymuchthatday.Ⅲ.書面表達(2024·昆明質量檢測)假定你是李華，某英文報社向即將畢業的中學生征稿，主題是“向成年動身”，請你依據下列要點完成短文：1．你的心情；2．你的人生規劃(學業、事業等方面)。留意：1.詞數100左右；2．可以適當增加細