PAGEPAGE1語法專項（二）非謂語動詞eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．(2024·石家莊五縣聯(lián)考)ShefailedthisEnglishexaminationagain.Thisisbecauseshesometimeshastrouble(pay)attentiontoherstudy.paying解析：句意：她這次英語考試又一次沒及格。這是因為她有時很難將留意力集中在她的學(xué)習(xí)上。havetrouble(in)doingsth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為：做某事有困難。2．(2024·四川成都七中診斷)Tohissurprise,Jackfoundhisson(dress)asSantaClausonChristmasEve.dressed解析：句意：使杰克驚異的是，他發(fā)覺兒子在圣誕節(jié)前夜被裝扮成了圣誕老人。此處為“find＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。dress意為“給(某人)穿衣”，常用于dresssb.或sb.be/getdressed結(jié)構(gòu)。3．(2024·福建福安一中月考)(compare)withthetraditionaltrademode,theydon’thavetospendmoneyinrentingahouse.However,therearestillsomedisadvantagestoonlineshopping.Compared解析：句意：與傳統(tǒng)的商業(yè)模式相比，他們不須要花許多錢去租房子。但是，網(wǎng)購仍舊有一些劣勢。comparedwith為獨立成分，在句中作狀語。4．(2024·安徽江淮十校期末聯(lián)考)Anotherstudent,a15-year-oldgirlfromGuangdong,wasafraidofexams.Shewouldgetveryupsetwiththeexampaper(lie)infrontofher.lying解析：考查with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)。此處賓語與賓補(bǔ)之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)當(dāng)用v.-ing形式。5．(2024·石家莊期末)Failing(turn)inyourhomeworkontimewilldirectlyaffectyourgradeforacertaincourse.toturn解析：句意：不按時交作業(yè)會干脆影響你某門課程的成果。failtodo不能做……；未能做……。6．(2024·湖南師大附中模擬)Long(consider)amasterpieceofChineseliterature,thenovelisgenerallyacknowledgedtobethepeakofChinesefiction.considered解析：考查非謂語動詞。逗號后為句子的主體，逗號前應(yīng)用非謂語動詞作狀語，consider與thenovel為被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞短語作狀語。7．(2024·河北正定中學(xué)模擬)Once(build),Xiong’anNewAreawillreducetheburdenofBeijingheavily.built解析：句意：一旦建成，雄安新區(qū)將大大緩解北京的壓力。build與主句主語Xiong’anNewArea構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，故此處用過去分詞。此處也可以看作狀語從句的省略，完整的從句為Onceitisbuilt。8．(2024·濰坊試驗中學(xué)模擬)Itisverydifficultforparentstodecidewhether(have)asecondchildornot.tohave解析：考查非謂語動詞。decide后用“疑問詞＋不定式”作賓語，故填tohave。9．(2024·河南鄲城一高模擬)ThevisitorstoBritainmayfindthemostmarvellousplace(enjoy)thelocalcultureisinatraditionalpub.toenjoy解析：名詞前有形容詞最高級修飾時，非謂語動詞充當(dāng)后置定語常用不定式形式。10．(2024·湖北武昌區(qū)調(diào)考)TheYangtzeRiver，(know)inChinaastheChangJiangisthelongestriverinAsiaandthelongestintheworldtoflowentirelywithinonecountry.known解析：主語theYangtzeRiver和know之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語，表示被動。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯1．(2024·成都一診)Ialsonoticedthattheyalwaysseemedtodresswell,andalwayshadtheirhairandmake-updo.do→done解析：havesth.done為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“讓某事被做”。該句中的theirhairandmake-up和動詞do是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式。2．(2024·河北衡水二調(diào))Asweallknow,wecanmeetwithvariouschallengesinourlife.Facingwithchallenges,whatshouldwedo？Facing→Faced或刪掉Facing后的with解析：考查非謂語動詞。befacedwith為固定用法，故將Facing改為Faced。主語we和動詞face之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故也可刪除with。3．(2024·吉林吉大附中月考)Thoughtthathissolutionmightbewrong,Icarefullyanalyzedtheproblemandtriedtoworkitoutinadifferentway.Thought→Thinking解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，Thoughtthathissolutionmightbewrong在句中作狀語，think與其邏輯主語I之間為主動關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故將Thought改為Thinking。4．(2024·蚌埠二中模擬)Iamwritingtokeepyouinformingofsomethingabouttheseveresituationthattheyarefacedwithpresently.informing→informed解析：keep后跟復(fù)合賓語，you與inform之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。5．(2024·青島模擬)Asforme,IamlookingforwardtospendthisprecioustimewithmyfamilybeforeIleaveformycollege.spend→spending解析：lookforwardto中的to為介詞，后應(yīng)跟動詞-ing形式作賓語。eq\a\vs4\al(高考題型綜合練)eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)語法填空(2024·石家莊教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)Whenitcomestoeatinghabits,Chinaisacountrywemustmention.Unlikeinthewest,1.everyonehastheirownplateoffood,inChinathedishes2.(place)onthetableandeverybodyshares.Ifyou’rebeingtreatedbyaChinesehost,bepreparedforatonoffood.Duringeating,thehostservesfoodwithpublicchopstickstoguests3.(show)hisorherpoliteness.Theappropriatethingtodoistoeatthefoodandsayhowdeliciousitis.Ifyoudon’tlikeit,youcanjustsayapolite“thankyou”，withthefood4.(leave)there.Butdon’tstickyourchopsticksuprightinthericebowl.Ifso,it’sveryimpolite5.thehostandseniorswhoarepresentatthetable.Atdinner,ifhalfofthefishiseatenup,aguestshouldn’tturnthefishoverbysaying“fan”，whichis6.Chinesewordfor“turnover”andisconsideredbadluckfor7.(fisherman)andtheirboats.The8.(separate)ofthefishbonefromthelowerhalfofthefleshisusuallydonebythehostorhostess.ThisisespeciallytrueinsouthernChina.Thesetipsabovewillbe9.(extreme)usefulwhenyouvisitChina,an10.(east)countrywithalonghistory.【解題導(dǎo)語】就餐禮儀因文化不同而不同。本文主要介紹了中國的餐桌文化。1．where解析：考查定語從句?？仗幨顷P(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞thewest，同時在從句中作地點狀語。2．a(chǎn)replaced解析：考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句子講解并描述的是客觀狀況，要用一般現(xiàn)在時；主語thedishes與動詞place之間是被動關(guān)系，所以要用被動語態(tài)。3．toshow解析：考查非謂語動詞。主子上菜給客人，附帶有公筷，這是為了表示對客人的禮貌。空處作目的狀語，應(yīng)用動詞不定式。4．left解析：考查非謂語動詞。此處為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，空處作賓語thefood的補(bǔ)足語，并且thefood與leave之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以要用過去分詞。5．to解析：考查介詞。bepolite/impolitetosb.是固定短語，意思是“對某人禮貌/不禮貌”。6．the解析：考查冠詞?！癴an”就是漢字里表示“翻過來”的意思。此處表示特指，故要用定冠詞the。7．fishermen解析：考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。fisherman為可數(shù)名詞，且其前無限定詞修飾，故空處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。8．separation解析：考查名詞?？仗幥懊嬗卸ü谠~the修飾，再結(jié)合空后的of可知，空處應(yīng)填名詞。9．extremely解析：考查副詞。空處修飾后面的形容詞useful，作狀語，要用副詞。10．eastern解析：考查形容詞?？仗幾鞫ㄕZ，修飾后面的名詞country，表示“東部的”，所以要用eastern。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)短文改錯(2024·惠州調(diào)研)LastFriday,wewerehavingourclasswhileourteacherMissLisuddenlyslippedandfallontheground.Allthestudentswereconcernabouther.Helpedbysomestudents,Icarriedheronbacktotheclinicimmediately.Herleftlegwasturnedouttobebrokenandshehadtostayinhospitalforhalfamonth.Thefollowingday,wepaidavisitforherwithflowersandfruits.Seeherlegwrappedinbandage,allofusfeltsorryforher,hopingshewouldrecoversoon.Unexpectedly,onlyfivedayslate,MissLireturnedtotheclassonawheelchairtogiveuslessons.Weweredeepmoved,allrisingtoapplaudher.答案：LastFriday，wewerehavingourclasseq\f(while,when)ourteacherMissLisuddenly