PAGEPAGE1二、代詞指代題(2024·全國Ⅱ，A)MyFavouriteBooksJoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.MatildaRoaldDahlIoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl’swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulworlds.Matilda’sbattleswithhercruelparentsandthebossyheadmistress，MissTrunchbull，areequallyfunnyandfrightening，butthey’realsoaspirational.AfterDarkHarukiMurakamiIt’sabouttwosisters—Eri，amodelwhoeitherwon’torcan’tstopsleeping，andMari，ayoungstudent.Intryingtoconnecttohersister，Maristartschangingherlifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse“nightpeople”whoarehidingsecrets.GoneGirlGillianFlynnTherewasabitofmethatdidn’twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdid，butthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.There’stensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.It’sarealwhodunitandthefrustrationwhenyourealisewhat’sgoingonishorriblyenjoyable.TheStandStephenKingThisisanexcellentfantasynovelfromoneofthebeststorytellersaround.Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipesout99.4%oftheworld’spopulation，abattleunfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoseleft.RandallFlaggisoneofthescariestcharactersever.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了JoUsmar最喜愛的四本書。)21.Whodoes“I”refertointhetext?A.StephenKing. B.GillianFlynn.C.JoUsmar. D.RoaldDahl.答案C解析代詞指代題。由標(biāo)題MyFavouriteBooks以及第一段內(nèi)容可知，文章是以JoUsmar的口吻進(jìn)行寫作的。故選C。22.WhichofthefollowingtellsaboutMariandEri?A.Cosmopolitan. B.Matilda.C.AfterDark. D.TheStand.答案C解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)AfterDark部分中的第一句“It’sabouttwosisters—Eri，amodelwhoeitherwon’torcan’tstopsleeping，andMari，ayoungstudent.”可知答案為C。23.WhatkindofbookisGoneGirl?A.Afolktale. B.Abiography.C.Alovestory. D.Ahorrorstory.答案D解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)GoneGirl部分中的“...thehorrorstoryisbrilliant.”可知答案為D。一、題型解讀代詞指代題常出現(xiàn)在人物或事物變換多，動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)換常見的語境中，考生應(yīng)依據(jù)語境推斷人稱代詞、不定代詞和指示代詞。有時(shí)也會(huì)考查定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的指代內(nèi)容。設(shè)問形式常有：(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which...”referto?(2)Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which...”inParagraph...refersto“”.二、解題技巧——“就近原則”判指代第一步：明確代詞所指代內(nèi)容的位置代詞恒久出現(xiàn)在原詞之后，故代詞所指代的內(nèi)容在這一句的前面一句中，或者前幾句中。其次步：熟識(shí)代詞的含義(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。(2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。(3)which/that/who等關(guān)系代詞指代其所修飾的先行詞，非限制性定語從句中which可指代前面整句話的內(nèi)容。第三步：替換核實(shí)再比較(1)用所找的指代內(nèi)容替換畫線代詞，核實(shí)句意是否合理，前后內(nèi)容是否一樣。(2)比較所代部分與選項(xiàng)，確定意思最接近的選項(xiàng)。例如：【真題感悟】中第21題。由標(biāo)題MyFavouriteBooks以及第一段內(nèi)容可知，文章是以JoUsmar的口吻進(jìn)行寫作的。故C選項(xiàng)正確。A(2024·南通高三檢測)TheBoyWhoHarnessedtheWindisaninspirationaltrue-storyfilmbasedonamemoir—an9accountoftheauthor’spersonalexperiences—bytheMalawianengineerWilliamKamkwamba.Asateenager，Kamkwambabuiltawindturbineforhisfamine-strickentowninMalawi，helpingtopowersmallappliancesand6eventuallyirrigatecrops.11Thoughthefilmpointstowardthattechnologicalbreakthrough，itspendsmuchofitsrunningtimedepicting(描繪)itshero’scommunityandavoidsmanyofthedamaginglanguagesthattendtoaccompanypop-culturaldescriptionofpovertyorconflictsinAfricancountries.Thisapproachiswhatmakesthemovie，muchmoreattractivethanothersuchdocu-dramas.ChiwetelEjiofor，anEnglishactor，ismakinghis7featureappearanceasawriteranddirectortodrawattentiontoKamkwamba’sstory—buthe’sjustasfocusedondepictingtheboy’sfamilylifeandthedangersoffarmingintheearly2000sMalawi.Famineisn’tjustathingthathappenstotheKamkwambas.It’stheresultofaseriesofunpredictable8catastrophesthattrickledowntothissmallvillageandleaveitspeoplestrugglingtogrowandsellfood.Byexaminingthemanystructuralreasonsforthetown’scrisis，EjioformakesKamkwamba’sachievementfeelbetter-earnedfromanarrative(敘述的)perspective.TheKamkwambasarenotlackinginfood，atfirst，thoughtheydoliveharvesttoharvest.Soon，aseriesofdramaticfloods，combinedwithgovernmentunrest(動(dòng)蕩)，beginstotakeatollon(haveabadeffecton)theirlife.Throughitall，Williamshowshisgiftforinvention，takingapartwhatevermachineshecangethishandsonandfiguringouthowtheywork.Inonecrucial(andcleverlywritten)scene，somelocalteenagersbegWilliamtofixtheirradiosothattheycanlistentoasoccergame，andhedoes，makinguseofabatteryfromseveraldrainedpowercells.Astheradiojoltstolife，itdeliversanewsreportofplaneshittingbuildingsintheU.S.，whichservesasthefirstrealacknowledgmentofthefilm’sexacttimeperiod.Theuninterestedteensimmediatelyswitchovertothegame，butEjioforincludedthatdetailforareason.ThoughMalawiisontheothersideoftheworldfromtheU.S.，andtheKamkwambas’villageisfarfromthecountry’sbiggestcity，thenegativeeffectsof9/11arefelteventhere—unsettlingthegovernmentandsettingoffachainreactionthatquicklyturnsthingsterrible.MomentsliketheseaffirmEjiofor’sparticularskillforstorytelling.ToWilliamandhisyoungfriends，theeventbarelyregisters，butitstillhashugeconsequencesfortheirlives.Thelatterhalfofthefilmistoughergoingthanthelight，community-orientedopening，butit’sanchoredbystrongperformances.Trywell，William’sfather，isn’tabaddad，butashisfamilygetshungrier，hisangertowardhisgovernment，whichwassupposedtohelphimthrive，risestothesurface.AsWilliam’smother，Maǐgaisacalmer，steadierfigure，butherprideisdamaged，too.Shespeaksofneverwantingtobethestereotypical(老套的)family“prayingforrain”，asherancestorsdid，anddespairsasTrywell’sstrategytosavethefarmbecomesalmostexactlythat.Atacertainpoint，Istartedmentallycheckingmywatch—Isn’tittimefortheboytostartharnessingthewind？ButEjiofordoesn’twantWilliam’smassiveachievementtolookeasy.NotonlydoesWilliamneedtogatherthepracticalmaterialsneededforawindmillinanearly1abandonedtown，buthealsohastochallengehisfather’sskepticismandpersuadehimtogiveupthefewpossessionshestillhas，includingabicycle，tocreatesomethingthatappearsimpossible.It’sstriking，anddeeplysad，toconsiderthatsuperficially(表面上)theonlythingkeepingWilliam’stownfromstarvationwasbasicallywindpower.InEjiofor’shands，TheBoyWhoHarnessedtheWindbuildsrealismandcontextintobothsidesofthatstoryandmanagestobeawinningadaptationasaresult.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，介紹了電影《駕馭風(fēng)的男孩》以其獨(dú)特的拍攝手法呈現(xiàn)了主子公為一個(gè)遭遇饑荒的非洲小鎮(zhèn)制造風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)的真實(shí)故事。1.InthefilmTheBoyWhoHarnessedtheWind，aconsiderablepartisabout.A.themiserablelifeinMalawi B.theirrigationofthecropsC.thebuildingoftheturbine D.thetechnologybreakthrough答案A解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Thoughthefilmpointstowardthattechnologicalbreakthrough，itspendsmuchofitsrunningtimedepicting(描繪)itshero’scommunityandavoidsmanyofthedamaginglanguages”和其次段中的“buthe’sjustasfocusedondepictingtheboy’sfamilylifeandthedangersoffarmingintheearly2000sMalawi”可知，這部電影有相當(dāng)一部分描繪了在馬拉維的凄慘生活，故A項(xiàng)正確。2.HowdoesEjioformakeKamkwamba’sachievementmorenoticeable?A.Byshootingthefilmintheformofstory-telling.B.Byanalyzingthereasonsforthevillage’spoverty.C.Bylistingunpredictablecatastrophesattackingthevillage.D.Bystrengtheningthedifficultyingrowingandsellingthefood.答案A解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“he’sjustasfocusedondepictingtheboy’sfamilylife”及“EjioformakesKamkwamba’sachievementfeelbetter-earnedfromanarrative(敘述的)perspective.”可知，Ejiofor的拍攝側(cè)重于Kamkwamba的家庭生活，并且是以敘述的形式使Kamkwamba的成就更突出，即以講故事的拍攝形式使Kamkwamba的成就更突出，故A項(xiàng)正確。3.WhatisthepurposeofthesceneabouttheradioinParagraph3?A.ToreporttheterroreventintheUS.B.Torevealthesettingofthefilm.C.Tostresstheteens’interestingames.D.Toshowthehero’swillingnessofhelp.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Astheradiojoltstolife，itdeliversanewsreportofplaneshittingbuildingsintheU.S.，whichservesasthefirstrealacknowledgmentofthefilm’sexacttimeperiod.”可知，文章提到收音機(jī)場景是為了揭示電影的背景，故B項(xiàng)正確。4.Theunderlinedword“that”inParagraph4refersto.A.Maǐga’spride B.Trywell’sangerC.thefamilyprayingforrain D.thedespairofsavingthefarm答案C解析代詞指代題。依據(jù)畫線詞前的內(nèi)容可知，她從來都不想像她的祖先那樣成為老套的“求雨”家庭，而當(dāng)Trywell挽救農(nóng)場的策略幾乎變成那樣的時(shí)候她感到了無望，由此可知，that指的就是前面的prayingforrain，故C項(xiàng)正確。5.ThesceneofWilliamharnessingthewindappearsquitelateinthefilmsoasto.A.buildrealismandcontextintobothsidesofthestoryB.underlinethelocalpeople’ssufferingfromstarvationC.showhisfather’sskepticismandreluctancetohelphimD.impressonviewersthedifficultyofmakingthemachine答案D解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“ButEjiofordoesn’twantWilliam’smassiveachievementtolookeasy.”可知，Ejiofor不想讓W(xué)illiam的宏大成就看起來那么簡單，即想要突出主子公的不簡單，故D項(xiàng)正確。6.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.AWindTurbineInventedbyaMalawianEngineerB.AnInspirationalTrue-storyAdaptedintoaFilmC.TheKamkwambaFamilyandTheirLifeinMalawiD.ATrueWinner—TheBoyWhoHarnessedtheWind答案D解析標(biāo)題歸納題。依據(jù)第一段前兩句可知，本文介紹了電影《駕馭風(fēng)的男孩》以其獨(dú)特的拍攝手法呈現(xiàn)了主子公為一個(gè)遭遇饑荒的非洲小鎮(zhèn)制造風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)的真實(shí)故事，他是真正的贏家，故D項(xiàng)正確。B(2024·南京、鹽城高三一模)Howwouldyoudescribeyourstyle？Formal？Classical？Casual？Smart？Firstofall，whatisstyle？Let’shearafewwordsofwisdomfromthewise.“Styleisknowingwhoyouareandwhatyouwanttosay，”(GoreVidal)；“Styleisanexpressionof2individualismmixedwithcharm，”(JohnFairchild)；“Styleistheperfectionofapointofview，”(RobertEberhart)；“Styleisasimplewayofsayingcomplicatedthings，”(JeanCocteau)；“Styleisthedressofthoughts，”(LordChesterfield).So，nowyouknowwhatstyleis，you’llneedtobuysomeclothes.Butwhere？IntheUK，youcangetreallycheap，stylish，second-handclothesat3charityshops.They’regreatifyouwantexclusivelabelsbutdon’twanttopaytheprice.Theonlydifficultyisdiscoveringwherethereallygood4bargainsare.Butdon’tworry，LeilaGraycanhelpyouhere.She’stheproudownerofavintageHardyAmiescoat，pickedupatacharityshopfor￡20—agooddealwhenyourealizeitcostmorethan￡800new.“Youhavetogotothericherareasofacity，”shesays.“That’swhereallthelabelsare.Itcantakeabitofhuntingaround，butthatishalfthefun，andthere’salotofburiedtreasurejustwaitingtobediscovered.”So，nowyouknowwheretobuyyournew，stylishclothes，howdoyouacquireyourstyle？Expertssaythatmixingandmatchingfromcharityshopscanhelpyoufindyourownstyle—somethingthat’sreallyyou.That’swhatScottishmusicianMomusdid.“Myfashion10tipisthis，”hesays，“Lookatyourselfwiththeeyeofagraphicdesigner.Ifyoucan’tbeattractive，aimfor‘interesting’or‘original’.”Momus’uniquestylecouldevenmakehimhappier，too.AspsychologistMarilynEliasexplains，thehappiestpeople“judgethemselvesbytheirownyardsticks，neveragainstwhatothersdoorhave”.ShoichiAoki，thefounderofJapanesestreetstylemagazineFRUiTS，agrees.“12Ithinkrealfashioniswhatpeoplewearonthestreets，theclothesthattheywear，thewaythattheywearthem，”hesays.“Whatyouseeinfashionmagazinesandonmodelshasbeenstyledandit’smorecommercial.”HesaysthathisinspirationforFRUiTScamefrompeople5combiningtraditionalJapaneseclothingsuchasthekimonoand“geta”(Japanesewoodenclogs)withWesternfashion.“Thisreallycaughtmyeye，”Aokiadds.Thesestylesmayseemwild，butAoki’sideaisnot：bebold，becreativeandfindsomethingthatsuitsyou.7.Whatshouldyoufirstdotochoosethestylethatbestsuitsyou?A.Followtheimagesofthewisepeople.B.Goforwhateverisfashionable.C.Simplifycomplicatedexpressions.D.Figureoutwhatatruestyleis.答案D解析推理推斷題。由第一段中“Howwouldyoudescribeyourstyle？Formal？Classical？Casual？Smart？Firstofall，whatisstyle？”提出的設(shè)問可知，要選擇適合自己的風(fēng)格，首先要弄明白原委什么是真正的“style”，故選D。8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto?A.Gettingclothesofleadingbrands.B.Buyingclothesatratherlowprices.C.Searchingforreallygoodbargains.D.Startingacharityshopsellingclothes.答案C解析代詞指代題。that通常指代上文提到的事物，依據(jù)其次段中的“IntheUK，youcangetreallycheap，stylish，second-handclothesatcharityshops.They’regreatifyouwantexclusivelabelsbutdon’twanttopaytheprice.”及畫線詞前的“Itcantakeabitofhuntingaround”可知，that指代上文中的“找尋真正物美價(jià)廉的商品”。故選C。9.WhatisthefocusofShoichiAokiandhismagazineFRUiTS?Amercializationoffashionmagazines.B.Expressionofsomethingpersonalandcreative.C.Designingfashionablewearformeninthestreet.D.PromotingJapanesetraditionalclothingworldwide.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中的“HesaysthathisinspirationforFRUiTS...Thesestylesmayseemwild，butAoki’sideaisnot：bebold，becreativeandfindsomethingthatsuitsyou.”可知，答案為B。10.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoFindtheStyleThatSuitsYouB.WheretoPickUpaBargainC.WhattoWeartoDevelopYourStyleD.WhomtoModeltoBePopular答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。本文從設(shè)問“你怎樣描述你的風(fēng)格？”和“首先，什么是風(fēng)格？”起先，探討了如何找到適合自己的風(fēng)格，故選A。Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并依據(jù)句意揣測畫線部分的意思1.Rescuersabandonedallhopeoffindinganymoresurvivors.放棄2.Inthecontemporarywesternworld，rapidlychangingstylescatertoadesirefornoveltyandindividualism.特性3.Manycharitiessentmoneytohelpthevictimsofthefamine.慈善機(jī)構(gòu)4.Hemadeabargainwithhiswife，“YoutakecareofthechildrenandI’llcook.”條件，協(xié)議5.LikehermotherMarieCurie，Irenecombinedfamilyandcareer.兼顧(二)同義詞語替換6.Eventually，herownpublishingfirmwassetup.Finally/Atlast/Intheend7.AnimportantfeatureofVanGogh’spaintingsistheirbrightcolours.characteristic/character8.Earlywarningsofrisingwaterlevelspreventedanothermajorcatastrophe.disaster(三)一詞多義9.accountv.占……比例；說明……的緣由；是……的緣由n.賬目；賬戶；賬號(hào)；敘述；報(bào)道；描寫(1)Theapplicationofnewtechnologiesandwideappealofmoviestarscouldaccountfortheincreaseofthebox-officeincome.v.是……的緣由(2)Itissaidthatbodylanguageaccountsfor55percentofafirstimpressionwhilewhatyousayjust7percent.v.占……比例(3)Whilethisbooktellsusthestoriesoffamouspeopleinhistory；italsogivesanaccountofthelivesoflesser-knownindividuals.n.敘述(4)Hetakescareofthebusinessandhiswifekeepstheaccounts.n.賬目(5)Myfatherhelpedmesetupabankaccount.n.賬戶10.tipn.尖端；末梢；小費(fèi)；建議；忠告；小貼士v.傾斜；傾倒；給……小費(fèi)(1)Theboattippedtooneside.v.傾斜(2)Shetippedtheporteradollar.v.給……小費(fèi)(3)Igavesometipsonhisstudies，buthedidn’tfollowthem.n.建議；忠告(4)CapeTownisatthesoutherntipoftheAmericancontinent.n.末端Ⅱ.長難句理解11.Thoughthefilmpointstowardthattechnologicalbreakthrough，itspendsmuchofitsrunningtimedepicting(描繪)itshero’scommunityandavoidsmanyofthedamaginglanguagesthattendtoaccompanypop-culturaldescriptionofpovertyorconflictsinAfricancountries.[句式分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，thattendtoaccompanypop-culturaldescriptionofpovertyorconflictsinAfricancountries是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。[精致譯文]盡管這部電影指向了技術(shù)上的突破，但是它的大部分時(shí)間都在描繪主子公所在的社區(qū)，并避開了很多帶有破壞性的語言，這些語言傾向于伴隨著對(duì)非洲國家的貧困或沖突的流行文化的描述。12.Ithinkrealfashioniswhatpeoplewearonthestreets，theclothesthattheywear，thewaythattheywearthem.[句式分析]本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，Ithink后面跟的是一個(gè)省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的賓語從句；is后有三個(gè)并列的表語：what引導(dǎo)表語從句，theclothesthattheywear和thewaythattheywearthem，其中兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的都是定語從句。[精致譯文]我認(rèn)為真正的時(shí)尚是街頭人們的穿著裝扮，是他們所穿的衣服，是他們的穿衣方式。強(qiáng)化練(二十三)Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空1.Asforyourabouttheshoes，sir，Iwillspeaktothepersoninchargeandaskhimeithertogiveyouanotherpairortogiveyourmoneyback.Aposition BpromiseCplaint D.concept答案C解析composition作文；compromise妥協(xié)；complaint投訴，埋怨；concept概念。句意為：先生，關(guān)于您對(duì)這雙鞋的投訴，我會(huì)和負(fù)責(zé)的人談?wù)劊屗唇o您另一雙鞋，要么給您退錢。complaintabout對(duì)……埋怨/投訴，故選C。2.—David，areyoulisteningtome?—Sorry，sir.IofthelectureIattendedyesterday.A.havethought B.wasthinkingC.amthinking D.thought答案B解析句意為：——大衛(wèi)，你在聽我說嗎？——對(duì)不起，先生。我在想我昨天聽的講座。此處表示剛才正在做某事，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，故選B。3.ThenewsspreadquicklyallovertheworldMichaelSchumachercametolifeafterhisbeingseriouslyinjured5yearsago.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when答案A解析句意為：邁克爾·舒馬赫在5年前受了重傷，他醒悟過來的消息很快傳遍了全世界。此處名詞news后面是that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，說明該名詞的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容，故選A。4.Thenewsurveyshowsthatthenumberofstudentscomputergameshasbeenincreasinginrecentyears.A.accustomedto B.relatedtoC.connectedto D.addictedto答案D解析beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于；berelatedto與……有關(guān)；beconnectedto與……有聯(lián)系；beaddictedto對(duì)……上癮。句意為：這項(xiàng)新的調(diào)查顯示，沉迷于電腦嬉戲的學(xué)生人數(shù)近年來呈上升趨勢。此處為形容詞短語作定語。故答案為D。5.—Manyoptimisticteenagersowetheirpersonalitiestotheiroutgoingparents.—Itmakessense.Asweallknow，ahappyparentahappychild.A.makesout B.makesintoC.makesup D.makesfor答案D解析makeout明白，理解；makeinto制成；makeup由……組成，編造；makefor有助于。句意為：——很多樂觀的青少年把他們的特性歸功于他們外向的父母。——這是有道理的。眾所周知，一個(gè)歡樂的父母造就一個(gè)歡樂的孩子。故選D。6mercialandrecreationalfishingpopulationsizesandalsomadeindividualssmaller，sincebigfishandsmalleronesthrownback.A.decreased；keptB.haddecreased；arekeptC.hasdecreased；keepD.hasdecreased；arekept答案D解析考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。因?yàn)榇蟮聂~是被漁夫留下來的，所以后一空為被動(dòng)，故解除A、C項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樯虡I(yè)性或消遣性的捕魚發(fā)生在過去并對(duì)現(xiàn)在的個(gè)體和數(shù)量造成影響，而非發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作“madeindividualssmaller”之前，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選D。7.Moreofusareusingheadphonesinnoisierenvironments，wemayturnupthevolumetopotentiallydangerouslevels.A.whenB.whileC.beforeD.where答案D解析考查定語從句。因?yàn)楹蟀刖涫且话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)，前半句是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，故解除A、B兩項(xiàng)，依據(jù)句意“在熱鬧環(huán)境中會(huì)提高音量”，不存在先后時(shí)間依次，可解除C項(xiàng)，所以后半句只能是個(gè)從句來修飾environments，句子成分完整，先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。故選D。8.—Thereisalwaystemptationtohideawayfromouremotions.—ButI’dratherweawayofbeingmoreoutspoken，morehonest，andtruertoourselves.A.find B.shallfindC.found D.havefound答案C解析考查固定句式。wouldrathersb.didsth.“寧愿某人做某事”，是虛擬語氣的固定句型，是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬。假如對(duì)過去虛擬則用wouldrathersb.haddonesth.。本題是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，故選C。9.—Suesleptovernightinfrontofthestadiuminordertogetconcerttickets.—That’swhattheproverb“”means.A.everycloudhasasilverliningB.makehaywhilethesunshinesC.theearlybirdcatchesthewormD.don’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyhatch答案C解析考查諺語、俗語。everycloudhasasilverlining守得云開見明月；makehaywhilethesunshines曬草要趁太陽好；theearlybirdcatchestheworm早起的鳥兒有蟲吃；don’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyhatch不要興奮得太早。故選C。10.Whilesendingflowersasgifts，wecan’tchooseflowers，becausedifferentflowersmayconveydifferentmeanings.(2024·無錫高三期中)A.arbitrarily B.cautiouslyC.originally D.thoroughly答案A解析考查副詞。arbitrarily反復(fù)無常地；cautiously謹(jǐn)慎地；originally最初；thoroughly徹底地。句意為：當(dāng)送花作為禮物時(shí)，我們不能隨意選擇花，因?yàn)椴煌幕赡軅鬟_(dá)不同的含義。故選A。Ⅱ.閱讀理解AHereisarecordofthediscussionaboutAI(artificialintelligence)conductedbyseveralscientists：ScientistA：IwouldsaythatwearequitealongwayofdevelopingtheAI，thoughIdothinkitwillhappenwithinthenextthirtyorfortyyears.Wewillprobablyremainincontroloftechnologyanditwillhelpussolvemanyoftheworld’sproblems.However，noonereallyknowswhatwillhappenifmachinesbecomemoreintelligentthanhumans.Theymayhelpus，ignoreusordestroyus.ItendtobelieveAIwillhaveapositiveinfluenceonourfuturelives，butwhetherthatistruewillbepartlyuptous.ScientistB：Ihavetoadmitthatthepotentialconsequencesofcreatingsomethingthatcanmatchorgobeyondhumanintelligencefrightenme.Evennow，scientistsareteachingcomputershowtolearnontheirown.Atsomepointinthenearfuture，theirintelligencemaywelltakeoffanddevelopatanever-increasingspeed.Humanbeingsevolvebiologicallyveryslowlyandwewouldbequicklysubstituted.Intheshortterm，thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs，creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.Inthelongterm，machinesmightdecidetheworldwouldbebetterwithouthumans.ScientistC：I’mamemberoftheCampaigntoStopKillerRobots.ForgetthemovieimageofaterrifyingTerminatorstampingonhumanskulls(頭骨)andthinkofwhat’shappeningrightnow：militarymachineslikedrones，gunturretsandsentryrobotsarealreadybeingusedtokillwithverylittlehumaninput.Thenextstepwillbeautonomous“murderbots”followingordersbutfinallydecidingwhotokillontheirown.Itseemscleartomethatthiswouldbecompletelyunethicalanddangerousforhumans.Weneedtobeverycautiousindeedaboutwhatweaskmachinestodo.eq\x(語篇解讀文章介紹了三位科學(xué)家關(guān)于人工智能的探討記錄。)11.WhatisScientistBworriedabout?A.AItechnologywilldestroytheearth.Bputerscan’tthinkbythemselves.C.Robotswilltaketheplaceofhumans.D.Humanswillbeunhappywithoutmachines.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Intheshortterm，thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs，creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.”可知，科學(xué)家B擔(dān)憂機(jī)器人會(huì)代替人類，造成人類失業(yè)、貧困和社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩。故選C。12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.TheCampaigntoStopKillerRobots.B.ThemovieimageofaterrifyingTerminator.C.“Murderbots”can’tdecidebythemselves.D.“Murderbots”willbeagainsthumans’orders.答案D解析代詞指代題。依據(jù)畫線詞前一句“Thenextstepwillbeautonomous‘murderbots’followingordersbutfinallydecidingwhotokillontheirown.”可知，自動(dòng)“殺人機(jī)器人”聽從人類的吩咐，但最終殺死誰由他們自己確定。句中this指“殺人機(jī)器人不聽從人類的吩咐”。故選D。13.WhichstatementisCORRECTaccordingtotherecord?A.ScientistAthinksAItechnologywillneverdevelop.B.TheemploymentwillbeaffectedbyAItechnologyinthefuture.C.“Murderbots”willfollowtheordersoftheirmanufacturersinthewars.D.AllthethreescientistsagreethatAItechnologywillbenefithumanbeings.答案B解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Intheshortterm，thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs，creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.”可知，機(jī)器人的發(fā)展會(huì)代替人類工作，造成人類失業(yè)。也就是說，將來人工智能技術(shù)將會(huì)影響就業(yè)。故選B。14.Whoagree(s)AIhasmorenegativeaspectsthanpositiveaspects?A.ScientistA. B.ScientistB.C.ScientistsB&C. D.ScientistsB&A.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中的“ItendtobelieveAIwillhaveapositiveinfluenceonourfuturelives”可知，科學(xué)家A認(rèn)為人工智能的主動(dòng)因素比消極因素多。依據(jù)第三段中的“...thereisthedangerthatrobotswilltakeovermillionsofhumanjobs，creatingalargeunderclassofunemployedpeople.Thiscouldmeanlarge-scalepovertyandsocialunrest.”和第四段中的“Itseemscleartomethatthiswouldbecompletelyunethicalanddangerousforhumans.Weneedtobeverycautiousindeedaboutwhatweaskmachinestodo.”可知，科學(xué)家B和科學(xué)家C認(rèn)為人工智能的消極因素比主動(dòng)因素多。故選C。B(2024·南京三模)Thereareplentyofgoodreasonsforayoungpersontochoosetogotouniversity：intellectualgrowth，careeropportunities，havingfun.Aroundhalfofschool-leaversintherichworldnowdoso，andtheshareisrisinginpoorercountries，too.Governmentsarekeenonhighereducation，seeingitasameanstoincreasesocialmobilityandeconomicgrowth.Buttheytendtooverestimatethebenefitsandignorethecostsofexpandinguniversityeducation.Often，publicmoneyjustfeedsthearmsraceforqualifications.Asmoreyoungpeopleseekdegrees，thereturnsbothtothemandtogovernmentsarelower.Employersdemanddegreesforjobsthatneverrequiredtheminthepastandhavenotbecomemoredemandingsince.Inadesperateattempttostandout，studentsarestudyingevenlonger，anddelayingwork，toobtainmaster’sdegrees.Spendingonuniversitiesisusuallyjustifiedbythe“graduatepremium”—theincreaseinearningsthatgraduatesenjoyovernon-graduates.Theseindividualgains，thethinkinggoes，adduptoaneconomicincreaseforsocietyasawhole.Butthegraduatepremiumisaflawedunitofcalculating.Partoftheusefulnessofadegreeisthatitgivesagraduatejobseekeranadvantageattheexpenseofnon-graduates.Itisalsoasignaltoemployersofgeneralqualities，suchasintelligenceanddiligence，thatsomeonealreadyhasinordertogetintoauniversity.Someprofessionsrequirequalifications.Butadegreeisnotalwaysthebestmeasureoftheskillsandknowledgeneededforajob.Withdegreessocommon，recruitersareusingthemasasimplewaytoevaluateapplicants.Non-graduatesarethusincreasinglylockedoutofnicework.Inanycase，thepremiumcountsonlythewinnersandnotthelosers.Acrosstherichworld，athirdofuniversitystudentsnevergraduate.Itistheweakeststudentswhoaredrawninashighereducationexpandsandwhoaremostlikelytodropout.Theypayfeesandsacrificeearningstostudy，butseelittleincreaseintheirfutureincomes.Whendropoutsareincluded，theexpectedfinancialreturntostartingadegreefortheweakeststudentsshrinkstoalmostnothing.Manyschool-leaversarebeingmisledabouttheprobablevalueofuniversity.Governmentsneedtooffertheyoungawiderrangeofoptionsafterschool.Theyshouldstartbyrethinkingtheirownhiringpractices.Mostinsistondegreesforpublic-sectorjobsthatusedtobedonebynon-graduates，includingnursing，primary-schoolteachingandmanycivil-serviceposts.Instead，theyshouldseekotherwaysfornon-graduatestoprovetheyhavetherightskillsandtogetmoreon-the-jobtraining.School-leaversshouldbegivenawidervarietyofwaystogainjobskillsandtodemonstratetheiremployabilityintheprivatesector.Ifschoolqualificationsweremademorestrict，employerswouldbemorelikelytotrustthemassignalsofability，andlessinsistentondegrees.Universitiesshouldgrantcreditstodropoutsforthepartsofcoursestheyhavecompleted.Theycouldalsoopentheirexamstoanyonewhowantstotakethem，andawarddegreestothosewhosucceed.Suchmeasureswouldbemoreefficientatdevelopingtheskillsthatincreaseproductivityandshouldsavepublicmoney.Topromotesocialmobility，governmentswoulddobettertodirectfundstoearly-schooleducationandtohelpingstudentswhowouldbenefitfromuniversitybutcannotaffordit.Youngpeople，bothrichandpoor，areill-servedbythearmsraceinacademicqualifications，inwhicheachmuststudylongerbecausethatiswhatalltherestaredoing.Itistimetodisarm.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇爭論文，主要闡述了“學(xué)歷軍備競賽”的危害和影響。)15.Howdoestheauthorconsiderhighereducation?A.It’sagoodwaytoraisestudents’socialstatus.B.Itdefinitelybenefitsthedevelopmentofeconomy.C.Itwillamplyrewardindividualsandgovernments.D.It’sawasteofmoneyforsomestudentsandtaxpayers.答案D解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段最終兩句和第五段第四句“Theypayfeesandsacrificeearningstostudy，butseelittleincreaseintheirfutureincomes.”可知，作者認(rèn)為對(duì)于一些學(xué)生和納稅人而言，高等教化是在奢侈金錢。16.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph3referto?A.Degrees.B.Returns.C.Employers.D.Jobs.答案A解析代詞指代題。依據(jù)畫線詞所在句可知，在過去，工作不須要學(xué)歷，故them指代句中提到的degrees。17.Whatistheauthor’spreferredsolutiontotheissue?A.Todecreaseuniversitydropoutrates.B.Toimprovetheteachingqualitiesofuniversities.C.Toopenmorepublic-sectorjobstonon-graduates.D.Toprovideschool-leaverswithproperjobtraining.答案D解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最終一句“Instead，theyshouldseekotherwaysfornon-graduatestoprovetheyhavetherightskillsandtogetmoreon-the-jobtraining.”可知，作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)為離校生供應(yīng)適當(dāng)?shù)脑诼毰嘤?xùn)。18.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.MeasurestoBoostSocialMobilityB.TimetoEndtheAcademicArmsRaceC.DifficultyinSolvingUnemploymentD.NecessityofChangingHiringPractices答案B解析標(biāo)題歸納題。依據(jù)最終一段最終兩句可知，作者認(rèn)為是時(shí)候該結(jié)束學(xué)歷軍備競賽了。故B項(xiàng)“TimetoEndtheAcademicArmsRace”最適合作文章的標(biāo)題。Ⅲ.完形填空(2024·揚(yáng)州中學(xué)高三質(zhì)檢)PleaseexcusemeifI’malittlesadtoday.Markisleaving，andI’mfeelingkindofsad.He’sbeentheheartandsouloftheofficeforacoupleofyears，19professionalskillswithasweetnature.Andnowhe’smovingontoanexcitingnew20opportunity.Itsoundslikeitcouldbethechanceofalifetime，andwe’resincerely21forhim.Butthatdoesn’tmakeitany22tosaygoodbyetoadearfriendandtrustedcolleague.Ourabilitytocopewith23determineshappinessinlife.Buthowdowedothat？Philosophers’responseshavebeen24.AccordingtotheauthoroftheBiblicalbookofEcclesiastes，comfortcanbefoundin25that“toeverythingthereisaseason，andatimetoeverypurposeunderheaven.”KahlilGibranurgedhislistenersto“l(fā)ettodayembracethe26withremembrance，andthefuturewithlonging.”Afriendofmineremindshisfellowthat“survivabilitydependsupon27.”Andasurfersummedup28problemsinfourwords：“Gowiththeflow.”Ithinklifeisaseriesof29—bothgoodandbad.Nomatterhowexcellentyourorganizationalskills，therewillalwaysbelife-influencingfactorsoverwhichyouhaveno30.Thetrulysuccessfulpersonis31tomakeadjustmentsifnecessary.Thatmeanswhenthings32thataren’texactlyinyourplan，youworkaroundthem—andthenyoumoveon.Ofcourse，some33alongtheroadoflifeareeasiertotakethanothers.Arained-outpicnic，forexample，iseasierto34thanthesuddendeathofalovedone.Butthe35isthesame.Change，indeed，ispainful，yetever36.Andifmemoryhasitsforceandworth，sohas37.We’regoingtomissMark，butratherthanbelostinthesadnessofourparting，we’llfocusonourhopesfo