Sentenceelements&Basicsentencestructures初升高銜接——句子成分&基本句型

舉例成分I

saw

(thefat)

boy

Tom

crying

onthetrain

and

he

was

cute.↓主語↓謂語↓定語↓賓語↓同位語↓狀語↓補語↓主語↓系動詞↓表語↓動作的發出者動作↓修飾限定↓動作的承受者↓解釋說明↓對賓語的拓展資料說明↓動作發生的時間地點條件等↓連接兩個簡單句↓↓動作的發出者↓聯系前后說明主語的狀態特征身份等↓Sentenceelements

舉例成分I

can’t

tell

you

thestory

unless

you

can

make

me

happy.↓主語↓謂語↓間接賓語↓直接賓語↓連詞↓賓語↓賓補↓動作的發出者動作↓間人↓直物↓條件句引導詞↓↓動作的承受者↓對賓語的拓展資料說明↓主語↓動作的發出者↓謂語動作↓SentenceelementsIsmile.S(subject)V(verb)主語(subject)一般由名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的詞組或句子充當，置于句首。謂語(verb)由動詞或動詞短語充當，位于主語之后。S+V(主語+謂語)基本句型1拓展：謂語Iloveyou.Shelookedathersistercuriously.Hewasfriendly.Youshouldcomealittleearlier.Hedoesn’tlikechemistry.實義動詞動詞短語系動詞＋表語情態動詞＋實義動詞助動詞＋實義動詞謂語簡單謂語實義動詞動詞短語復合謂語助動詞＋實義動詞情態動詞＋實義動詞系動詞＋表語類別例詞例句狀態系動詞be(am,is,are,was,were)Hisfamilylifeisdifferentfrommine.持續系動詞keep,remain,stayHealwayskeepssilentatmeetings.表象系動詞appear,seemHeseemsverysad.感官系動詞feel,smell,sound,taste,lookThiskindofclothfeelssoft.變化系動詞become,get,go,grow,turnShegrewrichafterthat.終止系動詞prove,turnoutTherumorprovedfalse.拓展：謂語vt.

及物動詞1.Ismile.S(subject)V(verb)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.S(subject)V(verb)O(object)賓語(object)一般由名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的詞組或句子充當，位于動詞之后。vi.

不及物動詞S+V+O(主語+謂語+賓語)及物動詞：本身意義不完整，必須接賓語意義才能表達完整。不及物動詞：本身意義完整，不需要再接賓語。基本句型2謂語簡單謂語實義動詞動詞短語復合謂語助動詞＋實義動詞情態動詞＋實義動詞系動詞＋表語及物動詞vt.

不及物動詞vi.拓展：謂語及物動詞：本身意義不完整，必須接賓語意義才能表達完整。不及物動詞：本身意義完整，不需要再接賓語。謂語簡單謂語實義動詞動詞短語復合謂語助動詞＋實義動詞情態動詞＋實義動詞系動詞＋表語及物動詞vt.

不及物動詞vi.IsmileS(subject)V(verb)infrontofyou.賓語？狀語？狀語(adverbial)用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、短語或整個句子等，一般由副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞短語或句子充當。它可以表示時間、地點、方式、程度、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步或比較等。(1)Hediedinthehospital.(2)Thematchwasputoffbecauseoftherain.(3)Lisawilltaketheexamthedayaftertomorrow.(4)Shedressedverybeautifully.(5)Myteethhurtbadly.(6)Shegotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.place(地點)time(時間)reason(原因)manner(方式)degree(程度)purpose(目的)1.Ismile.(S+V)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.S(subject)V(verb)O(object)S+V+IO+DO(主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語)3.Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.S(subject)V(verb)IODO間接賓語(indirectobject)指的是謂語動詞的間接承受者，表示謂語動作的方向（對誰做）或動作的目標（為誰做）。直接賓語(directobject)是指謂語動詞直接指向的承受者。基本句型31.Ismile.(S+V)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.(S+V+O)3.(1)Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.

Thebraceshavebroughtsomuchtroubletome.IODObringsb.sth.bringsth.tosb.give,send,show,offer,take,teach,tell,feed,sell,pass…(2)Myfatherboughtmeawatch.

Myfatherboughtawatchforme.buysb.sth.buysth.forsb.make,cook,leave,choose,order,draw,book,pick…表方向多用to，強調傳遞；表目的多用for，強調意圖。基本句型31.Ismile.(S+V)3.(1)Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.

Thebraceshavebroughtsomuchtroubletome.2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.(S+V+O)(2)Myfatherboughtmeawatch.Myfatherboughtawatchforme.(3)Theoldmanleftthelittleboysomecoins.Theoldmanleft_________________________.(4)Themothergaveherdaughterabookandseveraltoys.Themothergave__________________________________.somecoinsforthelittleboyabookandseveraltoystoherdaughter基本句型31.Ismile.(S+V)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.(S+V+O)3.Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.SVIODO4.Thebracesmademyteethpainful.SVOOC賓語補足語(objectcomplement)對賓語進行拓展資料說明，由名詞、非謂語動詞、形容詞等充當。(1)Theclassmadehimmonitor.(2)Ifoundthebookveryinteresting.(3)Weshouldkeeptheclassroomclean.(4)WeconsiderEinsteinagreatscientist.S+V+O+OC(主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語)make,keep,find,consider…基本句型44Sentenceelements&Basicsentencestructures1.Ismile.(S+V)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.(S+V+O)3.Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.(S+V+IO+DO)4.Thebracesmademyteethpainful.SVOOC5.Isawthreepinkpigstwodaysago.SVOA6.Hediedinthehospital.SVA狀語(adverbial)用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、短語或整個句子等，一般由副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞短語或句子充當。它可以表示時間、地點、方式、程度、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步或比較等。S+V(+O)+A(主語+謂語(+賓語)+狀語)1.Ismile.(S+V)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.(S+V+O)3.Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.(S+V+IO+DO)4.Thebracesmademyteethpainful.(S+V+O+OC)5.Isawthreepinkpigstwodaysago.(S+V+O+A)Sentenceelements&Basicsentencestructures6.(1)Hediedinthehospital.(2)Thematchwasputoffbecauseoftherain.(3)Lisawilltaketheexamthedayaftertomorrow.(4)Shedressedverybeautifully.(5)Myteethhurtbadly.(6)Shegotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.place(地點)time(時間)reason(原因)manner(方式)degree(程度)purpose(目的)prepositionalphrase介詞短語nounphrase名詞短語adverb副詞infinitive動詞不定式1.Ismile.(S+V)2.Thebraceshurtmyteeth.(S+V+O)3.Thebraceshavebroughtmesomuchtrouble.(S+V+IO+DO)4.Thebracesmademyteethpainful.(S+V+O+OC)5.Luosifentastesdelicious.SVP表語(predicative)表示主語的身份、性質、狀態和特征，一般由名詞、形容詞或相當于名詞、形容詞的詞、短語或句子充當，位于連系動詞之后，與連系動詞一起構成句子的謂語。S+V+P(主語+連系動詞+表語)連系動詞(linkingverb)用來連接主語和表語。基本句型5objectcomplementSummaryEnglishsentenceverbsubjectintransitive(vi.)transitive(vt.)objectIO+DODO+to/for+IOS+VS+V+OS+V+O+OCadverbiallinkingverbtime,place,reason,manner,degree,purpose,etc.S+V+IO+DOS+V+O+A/S+V+ApredicativeS+V+PobjectcomplementSummaryEnglishsentenceverbsubjectintransitive(vi.)transitive(vt.)objectIO+DODO+to/for+IOS+VS+V+OS+V+O+OClinkingverbS+V+IO+DOpredicativeS+V+P拓展資料句型——therebe句型表“擁有”時用have：表“存在”時用therebe句型：Hehasanewcarandaboat.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.Thereisatableintheroom.Therearesomebirdsinthetree.Thereisapen,twobooksandmanypencilsonthedesk.就近原則ExerciseⅠWhatsentenceelementsarethepartsunderlined(S,V,O,C,A)(1)Itisraining.(2)It’sgreatfun.(3)Welikethisplace.(4)Theweatherisfine.(5)Wewillenjoythetour.(6)We’rehavingagreattime.(7)Wesawmanysheeponthefarm.(8)Let’smaketheworldmorebeautiful.(V)(SubjectC)(O)(S)(V)(O)(A)(ObjectC)Iwillgivethiscake___you.toImadeacake___yourbirthday.

forIwillbuyacupofcoffee____you.forIsendane-mail___you.toTheoldmanleftthelittleboysomecoins.Theoldmanleft_________________________.Themothergaveherdaughterabookandseveraltoys.Themothergave__________________________________.somecoinsforthelittleboyabookandseveraltoystoherdaughterExerciseReadtheshortarticleandidentify(識別)thesentencestructureofeachunderlinedsentence.Todaymyfriendtoldmeafunnystory.Oneday,anAmericanwasvisitingaChineseman.Asthevisitorsawthehost’swife,hesaid,“Yourwifeisverybeautiful.”Thehostsmiledandsaid,“WhereWhere”ThissurprisedtheAmericanverymuch,butstillheanswered,“Eyes,hair,nose.”Ofcoursethehostfoundtheanswerabitpuzzling.Weknowthatculturaldifferencesinlanguagescausedtheconfusion(困惑).“WhereWhere”inChineseisakindofhumble(謙虛的)expression,buttheAmericanunderstooditas“Whichpartsofthebody”②()③()④()⑤()⑥()⑦()⑧()⑨()S+V+OS+V+OS+V+PS+VS+V+OS+V+O+O