句子種類（按使用目的和交際功能分）授課人：希希CONTENTS句子種類01習題練習0201句子種類（按使用目的和交際功能分）一、陳述句陳述句用來陳述一件事或表達一種看法，有肯定和否定兩種形式，句末通常用句號，讀降調。陳述句主要分為肯定句和否定句。1.肯定陳述句結構:主語+謂語+其他。Thatboyoftenhelpsothers.Iwenttothecinemayesterday.Iliketalkingwithotherpeople.Singingseemseasyforme.2.否定陳述句（1）當謂語動詞含有be動詞、助動詞或其他情態動詞時，否定形式是在這些動詞之后加not。Ican’tsingwell.Thesweaterisn’tmadeofwool.Shecan’tbeathome,becauseIsawherboardingyesterday.2.否定陳述句（2）謂語部分是實義動詞或含有情態動詞have/has/hadto時，否定形式在這些動詞前加don’t,doesn’t或didn’t。Theboydoesn’tdohouseworkathome.Idon’tliketalkingwithotherpeople.Wedidn’thaveagoodholiday.2.否定陳述句（3）當have（有）、need（需要）、dare（敢于）作實義動詞時候，通常在前面加don’t/doesn’t/didn’t構成否定句。Idon’thavedinner.Thebikedidn’tneedtoberepaired.Jimdoesn'tdare（to）gointothehauntedhouse.2.否定陳述句（4）否定詞用no表示,no=notany/a。Hehasnosister.=Hedoesn’thaveanysisters.never絕不,從來不。Ihaveneverseensuchaman.little,few幾乎沒有。Therearefewstudentsintheclassroom.Thereislittlebreadinthekitchen.noone/nobody

沒有人。Noone/Nobodyisinterestedinthebook.nothing什么也沒有。Thereisnothingwrongwithyou.neitherof兩者都不；noneof沒有一個(用于三者或三者以上)。NeitherofthemhaseverbeentoBeijing.seldom

很少,hardly

幾乎不。Icanhardlysayaword.Sheseldomlistenedtome.too……to

太……而不能……。Hewastoolatetocatchthebus.not...atall一點兒也不......。Hedidn'tcareabouttheresultatall.not…any

more=nomore不再，再沒有。Ican’tbelieveyouanymore.=Icannomorebelieveyou.not…any

longer=nolonger不再，再沒有。I’mnotachildanylonger.=I’m

nolongerachild.復習縮略形式：Iamheissheistheyareyouarethereistherearecannot=I’m=he’s=she’s=they’re=you’re=there’s=there’re=can’tdonotdoesnotisnotarenotletuswillnotIwillwasnot=don’t=doesn’t=isn’t=aren’t=let’s=won’t=I’ll=wasn’t將下面肯定陳述句變成否定陳述句：1.WegotoschoolonSunday.Wedon’tgotoschoolonSunday.2.We’llgototheparkthisafternoon.Wewon’tgototheparkthisafternoon.3.IamwatchingTVnow.IamnotwatchingTVnow.4.Jack’sfather

is

a

teacher.Jack’sfatherisn’tateacher.將下面肯定陳述句變成否定陳述句：5.Thedogrunsfast.Thedogdoesn’trunfast.6.Thebabycanspeak.Thebabycan’tspeak.7.Thereissomewaterinthebottle.Thereisn’tanywaterinthebottle.8.Hermotherworkshard.Hermotherdoesn’twork

hard.

將下面肯定陳述句變成否定陳述句：9.Theylikereadingbooks.Theydon’tlikereadingbooks.10.Wehadlessonsthismorning.Wedidn’thavelessonsthismorning.11.Ihaveadoll.Idon’thaveadoll.12.Itisafish.Itisn’tafish.將下面肯定陳述句變成否定陳述句：13.TheyspeakEnglish.Theydon’tspeakEnglish.14.Shecancleanthebedroom.Shecan’tcleanthebedroom.15.Ihavesomemoneyinmypocket.Idon’thaveanymoneyinmypocket.形肯意否：more...than...“與其說…倒不如說”“是…而不是”Heismoreknavethanfool.與其說他蠢，不如說他壞。ratherthan”是…而不是”Theeffectissoftandprettyratherthandrop-deadsexy.給人的印象是柔和俏麗而不是吸人眼球的性感。wouldrather…than…“寧愿…也不”Hewouldrathershoothimselfthancompromisehisprinciples.他寧愿一槍打死自己也不愿違背自己的原則。形肯意否：otherthan“不同于”Sheisquiteotherthanwhatpeopledescribed.她這個人完全不像你所說的那樣。nothingless/elsethan/nothingshortof“完全是，簡直是”Itwasnothinglessthanamiracle.那完全是個奇跡。?nolessthan“簡直是”Itisnolessthanblackmailtoasksuchahighprice.要價這么高簡直是搶劫。形否意肯：nothingbut“只”“僅僅”。Hedreamsofnothingbutgoinghome.

他只想回家。not…until…“直到……才……”。Hedidn’tcomeuntilyesterday.

直到昨天他才來。cannotbetoo“再.....也不為過”Youcan’tbetoocareful.

你越仔細越好。can’thelpdoing“情不自禁做某事”Hecouldn’thelpcryingwhenheheardthenews.

他聽到這個消息時禁不住哭了。否定轉移：當主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等表示“認為”“相信”“猜想”“期望”“想象”等意思時，且后面接賓語從句，如果從句中的謂語動詞為否定形式，習慣上要把否定詞從從句轉移到主句中。Idon'tthinkheisright.（我認為他不對。）否定轉移：當seem,appear等系動詞后面接表語從句，且從句中含有否定意義時，也可能出現否定轉移。Itdoesn'tseemthatheishappy.（這似乎是他不開心。）否定轉移：not…because/by形式上否定的是主句部分，意義上否定的卻是because之后的內容，譯為“并不是/并非因為…”。Wedidn’tdenythepersonmerelybecausehewasnotqualified.我們并非因為這個人不夠條件才拒絕他的。Hewasn’tarrestedbylackofnecessaryinformation.他并不是因為缺乏必要的信息而被捕的。雙重否定：（1）“否定詞+否定意義的詞/短語”-常見的否定詞有“not”“no”“never”“nothing”“none”“neither”等。-否定意義的詞或短語有“without”“hardly...when”“scarcely...when”“rarely”“few”“little”等。Ican'tdonothing.我得做點什么。（2）“否定詞+否定前/后綴的詞”否定前綴有“un-”“in-”“dis-”“non-”等，否定后綴有“-less”等。Heisnotunkind.他很善良。二、疑問句1.一般疑問句一般疑問句是詢問某人、某物或某事是否屬實的問句，可以分為肯定的一般疑問句和否定的一般疑問句。（1）以系動詞be開頭：am,is,are（一般時）was，were（過去時）句子結構：Be+主語+其他？Isheinthelivingroom?（2）以情態動詞開頭：can，may，must，will（將來時），would句子結構：情態動詞+主語+動詞原形+其他？Canyougototheparkalone?（3）以普通助動詞開頭：Do，Does，（一般時）Did（過去時），have（現在完成時），had（過去完成時）句子結構：普通助動詞+主語+動詞原形+其他？Doeshewanttogowithus?一般情況下，開頭用什么提問就用什么回答。肯定:Yes，主語+提問詞.否定:No，主語+提問詞+not.人看性別，男的用he,女的用she；非人單數/不可數名詞用it；復數都用they。回答由must引導的疑問句的提問①肯定回答：Yes,…must.―MustIgohomenow?―Yes,youmust.②否定回答：No，…needn't./No，…don't/doesn'thaveto.―MustIgohomenow?―No,youneed’t./don’thaveto.回答由may提問的句子。①肯定：Ofcourse./Sure./Certainly.-MayIborrowyourMP3?-Sure.②否定：No,...mustn’t.-MayIborrowyourMP3?-No,youmustn’t.填空：1）Is

sheateacher?Yes,she____.

No,she_____.2）_____thegirls

often

swim

?Yes,____do.

No,_____don’t.3）____yourdadlikelisteningtomusic?Yes,____does.

No,____doesn’t.isisn’tDotheytheyDoeshehe4）_____youwashhiscaryesterday?Yes,____did

.

No,____didn’t.5）Can

yourunfast?

Yes,I______.

No,I______.6）_____sheateacher?

Yes,she_____.

No,she_____.7）______youplayingballnow?Yes,I______.

No,I

______.Didyouyoucancan’tIsisisn’tAreamamnot8）______apigjump?Yes,it

can.

No,it_____.9）______fivebirdsflyinginthesky?Yes,they_____.No,____aren’t.10）_____yourfatherreadinginthelivingroom?Yes,____is.No,he_____.Cancan’tArearetheyIsheisn’t將下列句子改成一般疑問句并回答。1.Itisalovelydog.2.Shewillgohometomorrow.

3.Heismyfather.4.TheyareLily’scousins.5.Wewere

classmates.6.Iamadoctor.7Thereisabirdinthetree.8.Therearemanystarsinthesky.2.特殊疑問句特殊疑問句由疑問詞引導，不能用yes或no回答。（1）如疑問詞作主語或主語的定語，即對主語或主語的定語提問，疑問詞（＋主語）＋謂語動詞＋其他成分.-Whoissingingintheroom？-Whosebikeisbroken？（２）如疑問詞作其他成分，即對其他成分提問，疑問詞＋一般疑問句語序？-Whichclassareyouin？-Whatdoesshelooklike？常見疑問詞：疑問代詞：what，who，which，whose，whom疑問副詞：when，where，why，how疑問形容詞：what（which，whose）+名詞what什么whowhomwhosewhichwhenwherewhyhow誰誰的哪一個什么時候什么地點為什么如何howoldhowoftenhowlonghowfarhowmanyhowmuch多遠多久多久一次多大年齡數量多少（后接不可數名詞）；多少錢數量多少（后接可數名詞）CanyoumatchthespecialquestionwordswiththeirChinesemeaning?Noproblem.一、用“what,why,which,when,how"填空。1.--________isLiMingdoing?

--Heisreadingabook.2.--________didyougotoShanghai?--Byplane.3.--________doyoulikewinter?

--BecauseIcanski.4.--________seasondoyoulikebest?--Fall.5.--________didyoucometoCanada?--At7:00.WhatHowWhyWhichWhen二、單項選擇。1．－_____isyourdictionary?－10Yuan.A.HowmuchB.HowmanyC.What

D.Whose2．－_______subjectsdoyouhave?－Seven.A.HowlongB.Howmany

C.HowmuchD.Howfar3．－_______doyoulikebest?

－Ilikemathbest.A.Whichsubject

B.Whatfood

C.Whatcolor

D．WhichsportABA4.－________doyoulikescience?－________it’sinteresting.A.Why;So

B.What;BecauseC.Why;BecauseD.How;Because5.When_______thegirl________herhomework?A.does;does

B.does;doC.do;does

D.do;do6.—Doeshewanttogotoamovie?—_______.A.Yes,hedoes

B.No,hedoes

C.Yes,hedoesn’t

D.Yes,sheisCBA7.－_______kindofmoviesdoyoulike?－Ilikecomediesverymuch.A.What’s

B.How

C.What

D.Why8.－______arethesebananas?－Fivedollars.A.Whatcolor

B.HowaboutC.HowmuchD.Howmany9.－Canweplayfootballinthestreet?－No,you_____.It’sdangerous.A.canB.mustn’tC.may

D.maynotCCB10.－_____doesheplayfootball?－Intheafternoon.A.When

B.Where

C.HowD.What11.—_____isyourfather?Doeshestillworkasanengineer?—Yes,hehasbeenanengineerforthirtyyears.A.Who

B.How

C.What

D.Which12.—_____doesyourfathergotothefitnesscenter?—Heexercisestheretwiceaweek.A.Howsoon

B.Howoften

C.HowlongACB13.—_________willtheinvitationsbesenttoourguests?—Inthreedays.A.Howoften

B.Howsoon

C.Howlong

D.Howfar14.—_____isitfromtheNewTowntotheoldcitycentre?—Lessthan30minutesbyunderground.A.Howsoon

B.Howoften

C.Howlong

D.Howfar15.—________isMary?—Thegirlwithshorthair.A.Which

B.What

C.Where

D.WhyBDA3.選擇疑問句選擇疑問句是指提出兩個或兩個以上可能的答案供對方選擇的句式。前一部分是一般疑問句或特殊疑問句，后面加上并列連詞or(或者)提供給對方另一個條件，讓對方根據實際情況進行選擇回答。

(1)句型：一般疑問句+or+另一選擇對象？-Areyouateacherorastudent?

=Areyouateacheror(areyou)astudent？-I'mastudent.(2)句型：特殊疑問句,A,BorC?-Whichisbigger，BeijingorNewYork？-Beijing.-Whichisthebiggest,theearth,thesunorthemoon?-Thesun.翻譯下面句子。1.我們怎么去,乘火車還是飛機?Howshallwego,bytrainorbyplane?2.你想要牛奶還是茶?Wouldyoulikemilkortea?3.你想要雞肉還是牛肉？Wouldyoulikechickenorbeef?4.咖啡，水還是果汁你最喜歡哪個?Whichdoyoulikebest,coffee,waterorjuice?4.反意疑問句反意疑問句是附在陳述句之后對所陳述的事實觀點提問的短句。Itisagloriousday,isn’tit?Youhaven'tseenmygreenjacket,haveyou?Youdon'tneedajacket,doyou?Note:前肯后否，前否后肯，前后人稱一致牛刀小試-完成句子Jackisgoingcampingwithhisfriendsthisweekend,________?Aren’tyougoingtotheconferencethen,________?Writingwassoexcruciatingthatmyteacherhadallowedmetopresentmypaperonthesinkingofthe

Titanic

asanoralreport—aone-actplay,whereIplayedalltheparts,

?Beijingisalsoaplacewhichwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodern

life,

?isn’theareyouwasn’titisn’tit三、祈使句祈使句用來表達請求、命令、建議、禁止、勸告、警告等。有肯定和否定兩大類。（1）肯定祈使句Do型：Cometothepartytonight!Turnleftatthefirstcrossing!Be型：Becareful.Let型：Lethimstudyalone!牛刀小試判斷下面句子是否祈使句（TorF）Knockthedoorbeforeentering,please.Workinghard,youwillbesuccessful.Gostraightonandyouwillseethechurch.Theresultshowedviruswaspresentedpropertiesofthecoronavirus.Let’skeeptothepointorwewillneverreachanyconclusion.6.Dotellmethetruth.TFTFTT（2）否定祈使句Do型：Don’tcometothepartytomorrow!Don’tturnrightatthefirstcrossing!Be型：Don’tbecareless.Let型：Lethimnotstudywithothers!四、感嘆句感嘆句：用來表示贊美，驚嘆，喜悅等感情的句子。通常以what和how開頭，句末為感嘆號。What引導：What+a/an+形容詞+可數名詞單數+(主語+謂語)!What+形容詞+可數名詞復數+(主語+謂語)!What+形容詞+不可數名詞+(主語+謂語)!Whataninterestingstoryitis!Whatgoodweatheritis!修飾名詞How引導：How+形容詞/副詞+(主語+謂語)!How+形容詞+a/an+可數名詞單數+(主語+謂語)!Howtimeflies!Howbeautifulabutterflyitis!Howwellheplaysthepiano!修飾形容詞或副詞第一步：找主語

abeautifulgirlsheis! beautifulsheis!主主名形第二步：看詞性

abeautifulgirlsheis! beautifulsheis!主主名形第三步：引導詞

abeautifulgirlsheis! beautifulsheis!主主WhatHow解題步驟從后往前找主語主語前是名詞，用What主語前是形容詞，用HowWhatWhatanHowHowan-China’sstarskaterWuDajingwonthegoldinthemen’s500metersinPyeongChangWinterOlympicGames.-____excitingnewsitis!Let’sgivehimthethumbs-up.1.答案：A解析：根據符號判斷該題考點是感嘆句！找到主語it,往前看一個詞，是不可數名詞news.固選A.____wonderfulTheReaderis!ManypeopleenjoytheTVprogram.WhatHowa2.HowWhata答案：C簡析：《朗讀者》是多么精彩啊！從后面往前找到主語Thereader,再看前一個詞為形容詞，固選C。-IwatchedtheliveNBAgamelastnight.Howaboutyou?-OfcourseIdid.____Amazinggameitwas!WhatanHowan3.WhatHow答案：C簡析：昨晚我看現場直播的NBA比賽了，你呢？我當然也看了，多么令人驚異的一場比賽啊！考查What開頭的句子。主語it,前一個為可數名詞單數，用因amazing以元音音素開頭，故選A。whatfunHowfun.WhatafunHowafun-Wow!TheywerecelebratingtheWaterFestival.-____theDaipeoplewerehaving!4.答案：A簡析：句子主語為theDaipeople.前一個單詞為不可數名詞fun，選A.WhataWhatHowaHowJimmysavedanoldladyoutoftheYangtzeRiver.____greatcourageheshowed!5.答案：B簡析：Jimmy從揚子江里救了一個老婦人。他表現出了多大的勇氣啊!本題考查感嘆句。感嘆句的構成:What+(a/an+)adj.+可數/不可數名詞+主+謂!How+adj./adv.+主+謂!courage為不可數名詞,意為“勇氣”,故選B項選詞填空(what/how)_____beautifulthegirlis!_____abeautifulgirlsheis!_____beautifulthegirlsare!_____beautifulgirlstheyare!HowWhatHowWhat選詞填空(what/how)_____finetheweatheris!_____fineweatheritis!_____fastheruns!_____afastcaritis!HowWhatHowWhat改寫句子（將下列句子改為感嘆句，每空一詞）1.Theweatherisfine. itis!2.Thestoriesareveryboring. storiesare!3.Thebuildingissotall. tallbuildingitis!WhatfineHowboringWhataweather改寫句子（將下列句子改為感嘆句，每空一詞）4.Tomisrunningveryfast. Tomisrunning!5.Theboyisverylazy. theboyis!

6.Heissuchacleverboy. boyheis!HowfastHowlazyWhataclever六、therebe句型（1）基本句型：Therebe+主語+其他Therearemanywaystosolvetheproblems.（2）疑問句：be放在there前。Istherealakeinthenaturepark?（3）thereseems/appears/happenstobe+主語Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwiththeinstrument.（4）There

(be)ateacherandtwostudentsintheteachers’office.is就近原則02習題練習1.-Arethoseyourbooks?-Yes,

.A.itis

B.theseare

C.theyare

D.that

is2.-Isthegirlinredyourfriend?SheislearningChinesenow.

-

.A.Yes,itis.B.Yes,heis.

C.Yes,sheis.D.Yes,shedoes.

3.-

yourbrother

usually

basketballatschool?-No,hedoesn't