酒泉市普通高中2024~2025學年度第一學期期末考試高二英語考生注意：1.本試卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。2.答題前，考生務必用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆將密封線內項目填寫清楚。3.考生作答時。請將答案答在答題卡上。選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑；非選擇題請用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的答題區域內作答，超出答題區域書寫的答案無效，在試題卷、草稿紙上作答無效。4.本卷命題范圍：北師大版選擇性必修Book1Unit1~Book2Unit4。第一部分聽力（共兩節，滿分30分）第一節（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.15.C.￡9.18.答案是B。1.WhatdoesthemanthinkofLinda’shusband?A.Clever.B.Quiet.C.Unfriendly.2.Whenwilltheweatherbefine?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Ahospital.B.Anairport.C.Ahotel.4.Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoing?A.Goingfishing.B.Doingsomehousework.C.Readingsomebooks.5.Howistheman’sbag?A.Itisquiteattractive.B.Itweighsalot.C.Itislargeinsize.第二節（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhatdoesthewomanusuallydoonSaturdays?A.Shegoesswimming.B.Shegoesshopping.C.Shedoeshousework.7.WhodoesthewomanusuallygotothecinemawithonFridaynights?A.Someofherfamilymembers.B.Personswholivenexttoher.C.Personssheknowswellandlikes.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.WhatwastherelationshipbetweenthewomanandJiminthepast?A.Workmates.B.Cousins.C.Classmates.9.Whatisthewoman’sprofession?A.Afilmactress.B.Anartdirector.C.Amagazineeditor.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Wheredoesthewomanlivenow?A.InAmerica.B.InFrance.C.InCanada.11.Whatlanguageisthewomangoodat?A.Italian.B.French.C.Spanish.12.Whatdoesthewomanteachinaschool?A.English.B.Medicine.C.Maths.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.InahotelB.Inapark.C.Inastadium.14.Howistheweathertoday?A.Rainy.B.Fine.C.Cloudy.15.HowwillthemanprobablygotoWrigleyField?A.Bytaxi.B.Bybus.C.Byunderground.16.Whattimeisitnow?A.3:00pm.B.4:00pm.C.5:00pm.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatdoesthespeakerusuallyreadinthegarden?A.Anewspaper.B.Amagazine.C.Anovel.18.Whathappen(s)athalfpastsixintheafternoonaccordingtothespeech?AConcertsinLiverpoolbegin.B.Thespeakercompletesherwork.C.Thespeakerleaveshomeforwork.19.Fromwhatplacedoesthespeakerusuallygohomebytaxi?A.Abuildingwithastageinit.B.Aplacewheregoodsareboughtandsold.C.Aplacewhereonecaneatamealandpayforit.20.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeaker?A.Sheisapianist.B.Sheisaguitarist.C.Sheisaviolinist.第二部分閱讀（共兩節，滿分50分）第一節（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AInaworlddominatedbyconsumerism,thrifting(淘二手貨)offersachancetoembraceuniquepieceswithcharacterandhistory.Hereistheguidetohowtoshopforsecond-handvinyl(黑膠唱片)intheUK.MonorailMusicMonorailMusic,locatedinGlasgow,isanindependentrecordstorethatcelebratestheloveofmusic.Itisaspecialplaceforthoseseekingbothpopularandundergroundreleases.Thestore’shavingclosetieswithlocalartistsaddstoitscharm.CrashRecordsCrashRecordsinLeedsisanindependentrecordstorethathasbecomeakeypartofthecity’smusicscene.Thestoreoffersabroadselectionofvinylrecords,CDsandcassettesacrossvariousgenres.Withafocusonsupportinglocalartists,CrashRecordsisacenterfordiscoveringnewmusic.ElvisShakespeareLocatedinthePortobelloneighborhood,Edinburgh,ElvisShakespeareisauniquethriftstorethatcombinesvinylrecordswithavastcollectionofsecond-handbooks.Thisstoreoffersarelaxingatmosphereformusicloverstobrowsethroughvinylgems(精品)whilesurroundedbythecharmofabookshop.PiccadillyRecordsPiccadillyRecords,situatedintheheartofManchester,isalong-establishedindependentrecordstore.Withawiderangeofvinyl,CDsandcassettes,thestoreappealstovariousmusicalpreferences.Theknowledgeablestaffandregularin-storeeventsmakeitamust-visitformusiclovers.1.WhatmakesPiccadillyRecordsdifferentfromtherestrecordstores?A.Itisastoresetuprecently. B.Itemploysmusiciansasstaff.C.Ithostsregularmusicevents D.Itfocusesonunusualmusic.2.WhatdoMonorailMusicandCrashRecordshaveincommon?A.Theyprovideundergroundreleases. B.Theyoccupykeypositionsinthecity.C.Theyarecloselyrelatedtolocalartists. D.Theymainlysellhigh-endmusicproducts.3.Wherecanwefindbothbooksandrecords?A.ThestoreinGlasgow. B.ThestoreinEdinburgh.C.ThestoreinLeeds. D.ThestoreinManchester.【答案】1.C2.C3.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。本文介紹了在英國購買二手黑膠唱片的指南，推薦了四家具有特色的二手黑膠唱片店。【1題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章最后一段PiccadillyRecords部分中的“Theknowledgeablestaffandregularin-storeeventsmakeitamust-visitformusiclovers.(知識淵博的員工和定期舉辦的店內活動使其成為音樂愛好者的必游之地。)”可知，PiccadillyRecords與其他唱片店不同的是，它定期舉辦音樂活動。故選C項。【2題詳解】細節理解題。根據MonorailMusic中的“Thestore’shavingclosetieswithlocalartistsaddstoitscharm.(該店與當地藝術家有著緊密的聯系，增添了它的魅力。)”和CrashRecords部分中的“Withafocusonsupportinglocalartists,CrashRecordsisacenterfordiscoveringnewmusic.(CrashRecords以支持當地藝術家為重點，是發現新音樂的中心。)”可知，MonorailMusic和CrashRecords的共同點是它們都與當地藝術家有密切關系。故選C項。【3題詳解】細節理解題。根據ElvisShakespeare部分中“LocatedinthePortobelloneighborhood,Edinburgh,ElvisShakespeareisauniquethriftstorethatcombinesvinylrecordswithavastcollectionofsecond-handbooks.

(ElvisShakespeare舊貨店位于愛丁堡的波多貝羅社區，是一家獨特的舊貨店，既有黑膠唱片，也有大量的二手書。)”可知，在愛丁堡的商店里可以找到書籍和唱片。故選B項。BAyearagoinAugust,DaveFusslosthisjobofdrivingatruckforasmallcompanyinwestMichigan.Hiswife,Gerrie,wasstillworkinginthelocalschoolcafeteria,butworkforDavewasscarce,andthepriceofeverythingwasrising.TheFusseswereatriskofjoiningthemillionsofAmericanswhohavelosttheirhomesinrecentyears.ThenDaveandGerriereceivedatimelygift-$7,000,alegacy(遺產)fromtheirneighborsIshandArleneHatch,whodiedinanaccident.“Itreallymadeadifferencewhenweweregoingunderfinancially,”saysDave.ButtheFussesweren’ttheonlyfolksinAltoandtheneighboringtownofLowelltoreceiveanunexpectedlegacyfromtheHatches.DozensofotherfamiliesweretouchedbytheHatches’generosity.Insomecases,itwasafewthousanddollars;inothers,itwasmorethan$100,000.ItsurprisednearlyeveryonethattheHatcheshadsomuchmoney,morethan$3million-theywereanelderlycouplewholivedinanoldhouseonwhatwasleftofthefamilyfarm.ChildrenoftheGreatDepression,IshandArlenewereknownfortheirhabitofsaving.Theylikedcomparisonshoppingandwouldroutinelygofromstoretostore,checkingpricesbeforemakinganewpurchase.Throughtheyears,theHatchespaidforlocalchildrentoattendsummercampwhentheirparentscouldn’taffordit.“IshandArleneneveraskedifyouneededanything,”saystheirfriendSandyVanWeelden.“Theycouldseethingstheycoulddotomakeyouhappier,andtheywoulddothem.”EvenmoreextraordinarywasthattheHatcheshadtheirfarmlanddistributed.ItwastheHatches’wishthattheirlegacy,alegacyofkindnessasmuchasoneofdollarsandcents,wouldenrichthewholecommunityandlastforgenerationstocome.Neighborshelpingneighbors-thatwasIshandArleneHatch’sstory.4.WhatcanwelearnabouttheFusses?A.Daveusedtoworkinthelocalschoolcafeteria.B.TheylosttheirhomesoonafterDavelosthisjob.C.Gerrieworkedasatruckdriverforasmallcompany.D.Davefounditchallengingtofindajobafterhisunemployment.5.HowdidtheHatchesgetmorethan$3million?A.Bysavingandaccumulatingthemoney.B.Byrunningtheirenterprisesandsellingproducts.C.Byreceivingthemoneyfromtheirlastgenerations.D.Bybeingcompensatedbytheinsurancecompanyfortheaccident.6.WhydidtheHatchespayforlocalchildrentoattendsummercamp?A.Theirparentslackedenoughmoney.B.Theirparentsturnedtothemforhelp.C.TheHatchesaskedthemiftheyneededanything.D.TheHatcheswerelookedafterbytheirparentsoften.7.HowdidalmostallthepeoplerespondtotheHatches’owningsomuchwealth?A.Theyfeltdoubtful. B.Theyfeltquitepleased.C.Itwaswithintheirimagination. D.Itwasoutoftheirexpectation.【答案】4.D5.A6.A7.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了密歇根州西部的一對老年夫婦在去世后，給當地社區留下了超過300萬美元的遺產，其中包括給多個家庭意想不到的巨額饋贈。文章通過講述Hatches夫婦的故事，展現了鄰里間互幫互助的美好品質。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第一段“AyearagoinAugust,DaveFusslosthisjobofdrivingatruckforasmallcompanyinwestMichigan.Hiswife,Gerrie,wasstillworkinginthelocalschoolcafeteria,butworkforDavewasscarce,andthepriceofeverythingwasrising.(一年前的8月，DaveFuss失去了在密歇根州西部一家小公司開卡車的工作。他的妻子Gerrie仍在當地學校的自助餐廳工作，但Dave的工作很少，而且所有東西的價格都在上漲。)”可知，Dave之前在密歇根州西部的一家小公司開大卡車，失業后他很難找到工作，而他的妻子Gerrie在當地學校的食堂工作。因此，Dave失業后找工作很困難。故選D。【5題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第四段“ChildrenoftheGreatDepression,IshandArlenewereknownfortheirhabitofsaving.Theylikedcomparisonshoppingandwouldroutinelygofromstoretostore,checkingpricesbeforemakinganewpurchase.(作為大蕭條時期的孩子，Ish和Arlene以儲蓄的習慣而聞名。他們喜歡貨比三家，經常從一家店逛到另一家店，在買新東西之前查看價格。)”可知，Hatches夫婦是大蕭條時期的孩子，以節儉著稱，喜歡貨比三家，在購物前會一家一家商店地比較價格。因此，他們是通過節省和積累獲得了超過300萬美元的財富。故選A。【6題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第五段“Throughtheyears,theHatchespaidforlocalchildrentoattendsummercampwhentheirparentscouldn’taffordit.

(多年來，Hatches在當地孩子的父母負擔不起的情況下資助他們參加夏令營。)”可知，Hatches夫婦多年來一直為當地負擔不起費用的孩子支付夏令營的費用。因此，他們這樣做是因為這些孩子的父母沒有足夠的錢。故選A。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第三段“ItsurprisednearlyeveryonethattheHatcheshadsomuchmoney,morethan$3million-theywereanelderlycouplewholivedinanoldhouseonwhatwasleftofthefamilyfarm.(幾乎所有人都驚訝于Hatches夫婦有這么多錢，超過300萬美元——他們是一對老年夫婦，住在家族農場遺留下來的老房子里。)”可知，Hatches夫婦擁有超過300萬美元的財富讓幾乎所有人都感到驚訝，因此幾乎所有人都認為Hatches夫婦擁有這么多財富是出乎意料的。故選D。CEveryyearthousandsofpeoplecometothecityofPamplona,innorth-easternSpain,fortheopportunitytorunfortheirlivesassixfightingbullsarereleasedtochargethroughthetown.Thereareinjuriesanddeathseveryyear,buttheeventisofinteresttomanypeople.ApaperjustpublishedinSciencedescribestheinsighttheeventoffersintothepsychologyofpanickedcrowds.Thatisausefultopictoexplore.Architects,civilengineersandurbanplannersmusttrytoworkouthowpeoplewillbehaveintheeventofadisasterlikeafire,afloodoraterroristattacksotheycandesigntheircreationstoavoidpotentiallydeadlycollisions(碰撞).Unfortunately,solidinformationishardtoobtain.DanielParisi,thepaper’sleadauthor,realizedthatthePamplonabull-runsofferedtheperfectnaturalexperiment.Dr.ParisiandhisteamwenttotwodifferentrooftoplocationsinPamplonainJuly2023,andfilmedtherunnersastheanimalswerereleased.Laterinthelab,theycalculatedthespeedoftherunners,thedensity(密度)ofthecrowd,theprobabilityofarunnertrippingandfallingandtherelationshipbetweenrunner-groupdensityandspeed.Perhapsunsurprisingly,theresearchersfoundthatrunnerspickedupspeedwhenthebullsdrewnear.Lessexpectedwasthefindingthatthespeedofindividualrunnersincreasedwiththedensityofthecrowd,whichwascontrarytoalong-heldassumptioninarchitecturalandurban-designcirclesthatpeoplewillslowtheirpaceasgroupdensitygoesup,inordertolowertheriskofacollision,whichcouldleadtoafalland,perhaps,injuryordeath.Yetitseemsthat,intheheatofthemoment,peoplepaylittleattentiontothedangerofcollidingwitheachother,anddonotslowdown.Theresponsibilitythereforefallsuponurbandesignerstoworkouthowbesttoplantheconstructionoffuturetunnels,bridgesandotherpassagesthatrestricttheflow.Theonlyoptionmaywellbetomakethemwider.8Whatdoesthepaperconcentrateon?A.Howsixfightingbullsappealtosomanypeople.B.Howbull-runscauseinjuriesanddeathseveryyear.C.HowsixfightingbullsarereleasedtochargethroughthetownD.Howbull-runsaffectfrightenedpeople’smindsandbehaviours.9.Whyisadisasterlikeafire,afloodoraterroristattackmentionedinparagraph2?A.Peopleshouldlearnhowtodealwithsuchdisastersinaproperway.B.Peoplecanbehaveinthesamewayastheydowhenbullsruninthecity.C.Architects,civilengineersandurbanplannersoftenconsidersuchdisasters.D.Architects,civilengineersandurbanplannerssometimesignoresuchdisasters.10.Whatisthelong-heldassumptionwhenthereisadangeroussituation?A.Peoplemaylosetheirmindsindisasters.B.Peoplewillslowdownincrowdedareas.C.Peopletendtospeedupinhigh-densitycrowds.D.Peopleinpanickedcrowdscanbeunawareofthecollision.11.HowdidDr.Parisiandhisteamcarryouttheirresearch?A.Byobservingtheeventandanalyzingtheinformation.B.Byusingthemethodofreasoningandjudging.C.Byconsultingtheorganizersofthebull-runs.D.Bydoingexperimentswithsomevolunteers.【答案】8.D9.B10.B11.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了西班牙潘普洛納奔牛節上人群在恐慌狀態下的奔跑行為為心理學家提供了研究機會，研究人員通過觀察和實驗發現人群密度增加時個體奔跑速度反而加快，這與傳統建筑設計理念中人們為避免碰撞而放慢腳步的假設相悖，因此城市設計師需要更好地規劃未來限制人流的隧道、橋梁等通道的建設，可能需要增加其寬度以提高安全性。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第一段最后一句“ApaperjustpublishedinSciencedescribestheinsighttheeventoffersintothepsychologyofpanickedcrowds.(一篇剛剛發表在《科學》雜志上的論文描述了這一事件對恐慌人群心理的啟示。)”可知，這篇論文主要關注的是奔牛節是如何影響恐慌人群的心理和行為的。因此，選項D“Howbull-runsaffectfrightenedpeople’smindsandbehaviours.(奔牛節是如何影響恐慌人群的心理和行為的)”符合題意。故選D。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第二段第二句“Architects,civilengineersandurbanplannersmusttrytoworkouthowpeoplewillbehaveintheeventofadisasterlikeafire,afloodoraterroristattacksotheycandesigntheircreationstoavoidpotentiallydeadlycollisions(碰撞).(建筑師、土木工程師和城市規劃者必須設法了解人們在火災、洪水或恐怖襲擊等災難中的行為方式，以便他們設計建筑時可以避免潛在的致命碰撞。)”和第三句“Unfortunately,solidinformationishardtoobtain.”(不幸的是，很難獲得確切的信息。)以及第四句“DanielParisi,thepaper’sleadauthor,realizedthatthePamplonabull-runsofferedtheperfectnaturalexperiment.(這篇論文的主要作者丹尼爾·帕里西意識到，潘普洛納的奔牛節提供了一個完美的自然實驗。)”可知，建筑師、土木工程師和城市規劃者在設計時會考慮像火災、洪水或恐怖襲擊等災難的情況，但很難獲得確切的信息，而潘普洛納的奔牛節為他們提供了一個自然的實驗場景，可以通過觀察人們在奔牛節中的行為來推測他們在災難中的行為。因此，提到這些災難是為了說明人們在奔牛節中的行為和在災難中的行為可能相似，選項B“Peoplecanbehaveinthesamewayastheydowhenbullsruninthecity.(人們在城市中看到牛奔跑時的行為和在災難中的行為可能相同)”符合題意。故選B。【10題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第四段最后一句“whichwascontrarytoalong-heldassumptioninarchitecturalandurban-designcirclesthatpeoplewillslowtheirpaceasgroupdensitygoesup,inordertolowertheriskofacollision,whichcouldleadtoafalland,perhaps,injuryordeath.(這與建筑和城市設計領域長期以來的一個假設相悖，即隨著人群密度的增加，人們會放慢腳步，以降低碰撞的風險，這可能導致摔倒，甚至可能造成傷害或死亡。)”可知，在危險情況下，人們通常會放慢腳步以避免碰撞，這是長期以來的一個假設。因此，選項B“Peoplewillslowdownincrowdedareas.(在擁擠的地區人們會放慢腳步)”符合題意。故選B。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第三段中“Dr.ParisiandhisteamwenttotwodifferentrooftoplocationsinPamplonainJuly2023,andfilmedtherunnersastheanimalswerereleased.(2023年7月，帕里西博士和他的團隊前往潘普洛納兩個不同的屋頂位置，拍攝了動物被釋放時奔跑的人們。)”和“Laterinthelab,theycalculatedthespeedoftherunners,thedensity(密度)ofthecrowd,theprobabilityofarunnertrippingandfallingandtherelationshipbetweenrunner-groupdensityandspeed.(后來，在實驗室里，他們計算了奔跑者的速度、人群的密度、奔跑者絆倒和摔倒的可能性以及奔跑者群體密度與速度之間的關系。)”可知，帕里西博士和他的團隊是通過觀察奔牛節事件并分析收集到的信息來進行研究的。因此，選項A“Byobservingtheeventandanalyzingtheinformation.(通過觀察事件和分析信息)”符合題意。故選A。DJapanturnstomorelegalmeasurestosupportchild-bearingasitstotalfertility(生育)rateandnumberofbirthshitnewrecordlowsin2023.TheMinistryofHealth,LaborandWelfareofJapanonWednesdayreportedthatthetotalfertilityrate,whichistheaveragenumberofchildrenawomanisexpectedtohaveinherlifetime,fellto1.20,continuouslydroppingfortheeighthyear.ThenumberofbabiesborninJapanin2023droppedby43,482fromtheyearof2022to727,277,thelowestsincerecord-keepingbeganin1899.Meanwhile,thenumberofdeathsroseby6,886fromtheyearof2022,reachingarecordhighof1,575,936.Thenumberofmarriagesalsofell,droppingby30,213fromtheyearof2022to474,717,thelowestsinceWorldWarII.Latemarriagesandfinancialconcernsareoftenregardedasreasonsforthedeclining(下滑的)birthrate.Officialssaidthatvariousfactors,suchaseconomicinstabilityandthechallengeofbalancingworkandchildcare,jointlyledtothecriticalsituation.Toaddressthedecliningbirthrate,JapanpassedalawonWednesdaythatexpandsmonthlychildallowances(補貼)andparentalleave.Startingintheyearof2026,thisnewchild-rearingsupportwillbefundedbyhighermonthlyhealthinsurancefees.Keychangesincludeextendingchildallowancecoveragefromage15toage18andremovingtheincomelimitforparentsandguardians.Additionally,themonthlyallowanceforathirdorsubsequentchildwillbedoubledto30,000yen($192),withthesechangessettotakeeffectinafewmonths.Othermeasuresincludeincreasedbenefitsforparentstakingchildcareleaveandexpandeddaycareservicesforchildren,regardlessoftheirparents’employment(就業)status.12.HowmanybabieswereborninJapanin2022?A.474,717. B.727,277. C.770,759. D.1,575,936.13.WhatisthemaintopicofParagraph3?A.Fallofthenumberofmarriages. B.Causesofthedecliningbirthrate.C.Effectsofthedecliningbirthrate. D.Challengeofbalancingworkandchildcare.14.Howcanparentswhohaveathirdchildbenefitfromthenewmeasures?A.Theywillbesuppliedwithfreemilkpowder. B.Theywillbeprovidedwithlow-renthousing.C.Theywillgetahighermonthlyallowance. D.Theywillgetmoremonthlysalaries.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthenewsreport?A.JapanpassesnewlawtoincreasebirthrateB.DaycareservicesforchildrenexpandedinJapanC.MoreyoungJapanesepeopleunwillingtomarryD.NumberofdeathsinJapanreachesarecordhigh【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。本文主要講述了日本生育率和出生人數創歷史新低，因此采取更多法律措施支持生育，包括擴大兒童補貼、延長育兒假等。【12題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第二段“ThenumberofbabiesborninJapanin2023droppedby43,482fromtheyearof2022to727,277,thelowestsincerecord-keepingbeganin1899.(日本2023年的新生兒數量為727277人，比2022年減少了43482人，是1899年有記錄以來的最低水平。)”可知，2023年日本出生嬰兒數量比2022年減少了43482人，降至727277人，因此可以反推出2022年日本出生嬰兒數量為727277+43482=770759人。故選C項。【13題詳解】主旨大意題。根據文章第三段“Latemarriagesandfinancialconcernsareoftenregardedasreasonsforthedecliningbirthrate.Officialssaidthatvariousfactors,suchaseconomicinstabilityandthechallengeofbalancingworkandchildcare,jointlyledtothecriticalsituation.(晚婚和經濟問題通常被認為是出生率下降的原因。官員們表示，經濟不穩定以及平衡工作和育兒的挑戰等各種因素共同導致了這一危急局面。)”可知，晚婚和經濟問題是生育率下降的原因，官員表示經濟不穩定和工作與育兒之間難以平衡等多種因素共同導致了這一嚴峻形勢，因此第三段主要講述的是生育率下降的原因。故選B項。【14題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章最后一段“Additionally,themonthlyallowanceforathirdorsubsequentchildwillbedoubledto30,000yen($192),withthesechangessettotakeeffectinafewmonths.

(此外，第三個或更多孩子的每月津貼將增加一倍，達到3萬日元（192美元），這些變化將在幾個月內生效。)”可知，有三個或更多孩子的家庭每月補貼將翻倍至30000日元（192美元），因此有三個孩子的父母可以從新措施中獲得更高的每月補貼。故選C項。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據文章第一段“Japanturnstomorelegalmeasurestosupportchild-bearingasitstotalfertilityrateandnumberofbirthshitnewrecordlowsin2023(隨著2023年日本總生育率和出生人數創下歷史新低，日本將采取更多法律措施支持生育。)”可知，日本2023年的總和生育率和出生人數創歷史新低，因此采取更多法律措施支持生育，再根據最后一段“Toaddressthedecliningbirthrate,JapanpassedalawonWednesdaythatexpandsmonthlychildallowancesandparentalleave(為了解決生育率下降的問題，日本周三通過了一項法律，擴大每月兒童補貼和育兒假)”以及通讀全文可知，文章主要講述的是日本通過新法律增加生育率。A選項“Japanpassesnewlawtoincreasebirthrate(日本通過新法律提高出生率)”符合文章標題。故選A項。第二節（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。It’sTimetoGetStartedEverythingwedoinlifestartswithbabysteps.Inordertomakegreatprogresstowardyourgoals,nomatterhowbigorsmall,youhavetotakethefirststep.You’llhavemomentum(勢頭)bytakingthefirststep.____16____.Herearesomewaystogetstarted.Makeabravemove____17____.Doingsomethingtoactuallymakeithappenisanotherlevelofcommitmentaltogether.Ifyou’vealwayswantedtodoortrysomethingnewordifferent,makeupyourmindtodoitrightnow.____18____Ifyouknowyou’refollowingyourheartwithsincere,goodintentions,youcandonowrong.Regularlyvisitwithyourinnervoiceandstaygenuine.Avoidturningyourdreamsandgoalsintosomeoneelse’s.HaveagoodattitudeDr.M.ScottPecksaidinoneofhisfamousopeninglines,“Lifeisdifficult.”____19____.Iflifepresentsuswithchallengingmoments,thenit’sbesttofacethemwithapositiveattitude.Itwillcarryyouthroughthehardtimes.Ipromise.You’llhaveagoodstartbyalwaysbeingpositive.HavealittlefaithNobodyknowswherethefirststepwilltakeyou.Andwhoknowsifitwillevenamounttoanything?But,you’vetakenchargeofyourdestinysimplybytakingthefirststep.Thepossibilitiesareendless.____20____.Knowingthateverythingwillworkoutasitshould.Goaheadandtaketheleap.Takethefirst,big,scary,awesome,life-changingandexcitingstep!A.BetruetoyourselfB.That’sagreattruthC.GetonwellwithothersD.AnyonecanconsiderdoingsomethingE.HavealittletrustinyourselfandtheuniverseF.YouhadbetterthinktwicebeforeyoutakeactionG.Maybeit’sawrongoneandyouhavetostartalloveragain【答案】16.G17.D18.A19.B20.E【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章鼓勵人們要勇敢邁出第一步去實現目標，介紹了一些開始行動的方法，包括要勇敢行動、傾聽內心的聲音、保持良好態度、擁有一點信心。【16題詳解】上文“You’llhavemomentum(勢頭)bytakingthefirststep.(邁出第一步，你就會獲得動力)”強調了邁出第一步的重要性；G選項“Maybeit’sawrongoneandyouhavetostartalloveragain(也許這是一個錯誤的開始，你不得不重新開始)”提到了可能需要重新開始，它作為對邁出第一步后可能面臨挑戰的承認，引出下文關于如何開始行動的建議，起到了過渡作用。故選G項。【17題詳解】本段標題為“Makeabravemove(勇敢行動)”，強調勇敢邁出行動的重要性；D選項“Anyonecanconsiderdoingsomething(任何人都可以考慮做點什么)”作為段首句，引出下文關于實際行動的建議，該選項與后文“Ifyou’vealwayswantedtodoortrysomethingnewordifferent,makeupyourmindtodoitrightnow.(如果你一直想做或嘗試一些新的或不同的事情，現在就下定決心去做吧)”實際行動的建議呼應，指出如果你一直想做或嘗試一些新的或不同的事情，現在就下定決心去做，符合段意。故選D項。【18題詳解】下文“Ifyouknowyou’refollowingyourheartwithsincere,goodintentions,youcandonowrong.Regularlyvisitwithyourinnervoiceandstaygenuine.(如果你知道你是出于真誠和良好的意圖而追隨自己的內心，你就不會做錯。經常傾聽你內心的聲音，保持真誠)”強調了忠于自己內心的重要性；A選項“Betruetoyourself(忠于自己)”作本段標題，直接點明本段主旨，即要忠于自己的內心，與下文內容緊密相連，故選A項。【19題詳解】上文“Dr.M.ScottPecksaidinoneofhisfamousopeninglines,“Lifeisdifficult.”

(M·斯科特·佩克博士在他著名的開場白之一中說：‘生活是很艱難的。’)”強調生活是艱難的；B選項“That’sagreattruth(這是一個偉大的真理)”作為回應，表示對佩克博士觀點的贊同，并引出下文“

Iflifepresentsuswithchallengingmoments,thenit’sbesttofacethemwithapositiveattitude.

(如果生活給我們帶來挑戰，那么最好以積極的態度面對它們)”關于如何面對生活挑戰的建議，即“如果生活給我們帶來了挑戰，那么最好用積極的態度去面對它們。”故選B項。【20題詳解】上文“But,you’vetakenchargeofyourdestinysimplybytakingthefirststep.Thepossibilitiesareendless.(但是，僅僅通過邁出第一步，你就掌握了自己的命運。可能性是無窮無盡的)”強調了邁出第一步的重要性以及未來的無限可能性；E選項“Havealittletrustinyourselfandtheuniverse(對自己和宇宙多一點信任)”作為段尾句，總結了本段內容，即要對自己和宇宙有信心，相信未來會有好的結果，與上文內容緊密相連。故選E項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節，滿分30分）第一節（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Thoughtheyhaveverydifferenttastesinbooks,HailiSmithandhersistersharethebeliefthatkidsaremoremotivatedtoreadiftheyfeelliketheyaresimilartothecharactersinabook.That’swhy,in2022,thetwosistersstartedBooksLikeMe.Thenonprofitgroupsuppliesschoolswith____21____diverse(各式各樣的)children’sbooks.“Wedidn’treallylike____22____afewyearsago,”Hailisaid.“Thenwebegantolookforbooksthathavecharacterswesawourselves____23____.Itmadeuswanttoreadmore.Wethoughtwecould____24____thatwithstudents,becauseweknewthatthiswould____25____notonlyusbutalsootherchildren.”Sowiththehelpoftheirparents,thesistersstartedBooksLikeMe.“Thiswillmakechildrenfeelbetteraboutthemselvesandhelpthembuildself-confidence,”saidHaili.Sofar,theyhave____26____morethan16,000bookstoschoolsnationwide.Educatorssayit’simportantforyoungstudentstohave____27____children’sbooks____28____diversecharacters.Abookcanbea____29____,lettingchildrenseethemselves______30______initscharacters;itcanbeawindow,helpingchildrenseefromtheperspective(角度)ofdiversecharacterswith______31______andexperiencesdifferentfromtheirownAnitraCarter.anelementaryschoolteacher,said,“______32______fromBooksLikeMehavegottenmystudents______33______aboutreading.Itsparkssomethingtoseeacharacterthatlookssimilartothem.Diversecharactershelpchildrendevelopempathy(同感).”“Ihope,andIthinkthatallchildrenshouldseethemselvesinbooks.Weneedtobringaboutthe______34______changethatwewanttoseeintheworld.Weneedtohelpmakethisworldabetterplaceforfuture______35______,”saidHaili.21.A.anxiously B.culturally C.blindly D.innocently22.A.reading B.speaking C.writing D.listening23.A.appealto B.callon C.makeout D.looklike24.A.defend B.investigate C.share D.observe25.A.affect B.interrupt C.forgive D.honor26.A.setaside B.givenaway C.turneddown D.leftout27.A.animpacton B.doubtabout C.accessto D.asenseof28.A.featuring B.limiting C.directing D.expecting29.A.wall B.mirror C.bottle D.package30.A.restored B.resolved C.recovered D.reflected31.A.rocks B.sticks C.documents D.backgrounds32.A.Applications B.Creations C.Donations D.Regulations33.A.embarrassed B.upset C.excited D.cautious34.A.positive B.sudden C.strange D.formal35.A.technicians B.planners C.scholars D.generations【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.A26.B27.C28.A29.B30.D31.D32.C33.C34.A35.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了海麗·史密斯和她的姐姐創建了一個名為“BooksLikeMe”的非營利組織，該組織致力于為學校提供多樣化的兒童書籍，讓孩子們能在書中找到與自己相似的角色，從而提高他們的閱讀興趣和自我認同感。【21題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這個非營利組織為學校提供具有文化多樣性的兒童書籍。A.anxiously焦急地；B.culturally文化上地；C.blindly盲目地；D.innocently天真地。根據前文“Thoughtheyhaveverydifferenttastesinbooks,HailiSmithandhersistersharethebeliefthatkidsaremoremotivatedtoreadiftheyfeelliketheyaresimilartothecharactersinabook.”可知，海麗·史密斯和她的姐姐認為如果孩子們覺得書中的角色與自己相似，他們就會更有閱讀的動力，因此她們創建的這個非營利組織BooksLikeMe是為了提供具有文化多樣性的兒童書籍，讓孩子們能在書中找到與自己相似的角色。故選B項。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“幾年前我們真的不喜歡閱讀，”海麗說。A.reading閱讀；B.speaking說話；C.writing寫作；D.listening聽。根據后文“Thenwebegantolookforbooksthathavecharacterswesawourselves____3____.Itmadeuswanttoreadmore.”可知，此處指她們之前不喜歡閱讀，然后開始尋找與自己相似的角色的書。故選A項。【23題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：然后我們開始尋找那些有我們看到的和自己相像角色的書。A.appealto呼吁，吸引；B.callon號召，要求；C.makeout辨認出，理解；D.looklike看起來像。根據前文“HailiSmithandhersistersharethebeliefthatkidsaremoremotivatedt