江蘇省無錫新領航教育咨詢有限公司七年級英語下冊知識點總結牛津版江蘇省無錫新領航教育咨詢有限公司七年級英語下冊知識點總結牛津版【知識梳理】I.重點短語1.abottleof2.alittle3.alot(of)4.allday5.befrom6.beover7.comeback8.comefrom9.doone’shomework10.dotheshopping11.getdown12.gethome13.getto14.getup15.goshopping16.haveadrinkof17.havealook18.havebreakfast19.havelunch20.havesupper21.listento22.not?atall23.put?away24.takeoff25.throwitlikethat26.wouldlike27.inthemiddleoftheday28.inthemorning/afternoon/evening29.onafarm30.inafactoryII.重要句型1.Letsb.dosth.2.Couldsb.dosth.?3.wouldlikesth.4.wouldliketodosth.5.Whataboutsomethingtoeat?6.Howdoyouspell??7.MayIborrow??III.交際用語1.—Thanksverymuch!—You'rewelcome.12.Putit/themaway.3.What'swrong?4.Ithinkso.Idon'tthinkso.5.Iwanttotakesomebookstotheclassroom.6.Givemeabottleoforangejuice,please.Pleasegiveit/thembacktomorrow.OK.9.What'syourfavouritesport?10.Don'tworry.11.I’m(not)goodatbasketball.12.Doyouwantago?13.That'sright./That‘sallright./Allright.14.Doyouhaveadictionary/anydictionaries?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.15.We/TheyhavesomeCDs.We/Theydon’thaveanyCDs.16.---Whatdayisittoday/tomorrow?---It’sMonday.17.---MayIborrowyourcolourpens,please?---Certainly.Hereyouare.18.---Whereareyoufrom?---FromBeijing.19.What'syourtelephonenumberinNewYork?20.---Doyoulikehotdogs?---Yes,Ido.(Alittle./Alot./Verymuch.)---No,Idon't.(Idon'tlikethematall.)21.---Whatdoesyourmotherlike?---Shelikesdumplingsandvegetablesverymuch.22.---Whendoyougotoschooleveryday?---Igotoschoolat7:00everyday.23.---Whattimedoeshegotobedintheevening?---Hegoestobedat10:00.IV.重要語法1.人稱代詞的用法;2.祈使句;3.現在進行時的構成和用法;4(動詞have的用法;5(一般現在時構成和用法;6(可數名詞和不可數名詞的構成和用法【名師講解】1.That'sright./That‘sallright./Allright.That’sright意為“對的”，表示贊同對方的意見、看法或行為，肯定對方的答案或判斷。例如:"Ithinkwemusthelptheoldman.""我想我們應該幫助這位老人。""That'sright."或"You'reright.""說得對"。2That’sallright.意為“不用謝”、“沒關系”，用來回答對方的致謝或道歉。例如:"Manythanks.""That'sallright.""Sorry.It'sbroken.""That'sallright."Allright.意為“行了”、“可以”，表示同意對方的建議或要求。有時還可以表示“身體很好”"Pleasetellmeaboutit.""請把此事告訴我。""Allright.""好吧。"Isyourmotherallright?你媽身體好嗎2.make/do這兩個詞都可以解釋為“做”，但含義卻不同，不能混用。make指做東西或制東西，do指做一件具體的事。Canyoumakeapaperboatforme?你能為我做個紙船嗎,He’sdoinghishomeworknow.他正在做他的作業。3.say/speak/talk/tellsay:是最口語化的最普通的一個詞，意為“說出”、“說道”，著重所說的話。如:“Iwanttogotherebybus”,hesaid.他說，“我要坐汽車到那里去。”PleasesayitinEnglish.請用英語說。speak:“說話”，著重開口發聲，不著重所說的內容，一般用作不及物動詞(即后面不能直接接賓語)。如:Canyouspeakabouthim?你能不能說說他的情況,Idon’tliketospeaklikethis.我不喜歡這樣說話。speak作及物動詞解時，只能和某種語言等連用，表達在對話中恰當使用詞匯的能力。如:ShespeaksEnglishwell.她英語說得好。talk:與speak意義相近，也著重說話的動作，而不著重所說的話，因此，一般也只用作不及物動詞，不過，talk暗示話是對某人說的，有較強的對話意味，著重指連續地和別人談話。如:Iwouldliketotalktohimaboutit.我想跟他談那件事。Oldwomenliketotalkwithchildren.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。tell:“告訴”，除較少情況外，一般后面總接雙賓語。如:He’stellingmeastory.他在給我講故事。tellalie撒謊tellsb.todosth./tellsb.nottodosth.MissZhaooftentellsustostudyhard.4.docooking/dothecookingdocooking作“做飯”解，屬泛指。dothecooking特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking為動名詞，不能用作復數，但前面可用some,much修飾。從dosomecooking可引出許多類似的短語:dosomewashing洗些衣服dosomeshopping買些東西dosomereading讀書dosomewriting寫些東西dosomefishing釣魚從以上短語可引申出另一類短語，不能用some,much或定冠詞。goshopping去買東西gofishing去釣魚goboating去劃船goswimming去游泳35.likedoingsth./liketodosth.likedoingsth.與liketodosth.意思相同，但用法有區別。前者強調一般性的愛好或者表示動作的習慣性和經常性;后來表示一次性和偶然性的動作。例如:Helikesplayingfootball,buthedoesn‘tliketoplayfootballwithLiMing.他喜歡踢足球，但是他不喜歡和李明踢。6.other/others/theother/anotherother表其余的，別的，Haveyouanyotherquestions?你還有其他問題嗎?others別的人，別的東西IntheroomsomepeopleareAmerican,theothersareFrench.在屋子里一些人是美國人,其他的是法國人。theother表另一個(二者之中)one?，theother?OneofmytwobrothersstudiesEnglish,theotherstudiesChinese.我兩個哥哥中的一個學習英文,另一個學中文。another表三者以上的另一個，另一些Thereisroomforanotherfewbooksontheshelf.書架上還可以放點書。7.inthetree/onthetreeinthetree與onthetree.譯成中文均為"在樹上"但英語中有區別。inthetree表示某人、某事(不屬于樹本身生長出的別的東西)落在樹上，表示樹的枝、葉、花、果等長在樹上時，要使用onthetree.如:Therearesomeapplesonthetree.那棵樹上有些蘋果。Thereisabirdinthetree.那棵樹上有只鳥。8.some/any(1)some和any既可修飾可數名詞，也可修飾不可數名詞。但有以下兩點需要注意。some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑問句中。如:Thereissomewaterintheglass.Isthereanywaterintheglass?Thereisn'tanywaterintheglass.(2)在說話者希望得到肯定答復的一般疑問句中，或在表示請求，邀請的疑問句中，我們依然用some。如:Wouldyoulikesometea?9.tall/high(1)說人，動物，樹木等有生命的東西，主要用tall，不用high，例如atallwoman一個高個子婦女atallhorse一個高大的馬(2)說一個不與地面接觸的人和物的高時，要用high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上時，飛機飛上天時，例如:Heishighupinthetree.他高高地爬在樹上。Theplaneissohighinthesky.飛機在空中這么高。(3)指建筑物、山時要tall或high都可以，不過high的程度比tall高。4(4)high可作副詞，tall不能。(5)tall的反義詞為short,high的反義詞為low.10.can/could(1)can表示體力和腦力方面的能力，或根據客觀條件能做某種動作的"能力"。例如:Canyourideabike,你會騎自行車嗎,WhatcanIdoforyou,要幫忙嗎,Canyoumakeacake,你會做蛋糕嗎,(2)can用在否定句和疑問句中時有時表示說話人的"懷疑""猜測"或不肯定。例如:Wherecanhebe,他會在什么地方呢,Canthenewsbetrue,這個消息會是真的嗎,Itsurelycan'tbesixo'clockalready,不可能已經六點鐘了吧,Youcan'tbehungrysosoon，Tom，you'vejusthadlunch.湯姆，你不可能餓得這么快，你剛吃過午飯。Whatcanhemean,他會是什么意思,在日常會話中，can可代替may表示"允許"，may比較正式。例如:Youcancomeinanytime.你隨時都可以來。---CanIuseyourpen,我能用你的鋼筆嗎,---Ofcourse，youcan.當然可以。Youcanhavemyseat，I'mgoingnow.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。(3)couldcould是can的過去式，表示過去有過的能力和可能性(在否定和疑問句中)。例如:Thedoctorsaidhecouldhelphim.(能力)醫生說他能幫助他。Lilycouldswimwhenshewasfouryearsold.(能力)當麗麗四歲的時候她就會游泳。Atthattimewethoughtthestorycouldbetrue.(可能性)那時我們以為所說的可能是真的。could可代替can表示現在時間的動作，但語氣較為婉轉。例如:CouldIspeaktoJohn，please,我能和約翰說話嗎,Couldyou,在口語中表示請求對方做事。例如:Couldyouwaithalfanhour,請你等半個小時好嗎,Couldyoupleaseringagainatsix,六點鐘請你再打電話好嗎,(4)can的形式只有現在式can和過去式could兩種形式。能表示一般現在和一般過去兩種時態，有時也能表示將來。所有其他時態(包括將來時)須用beableto加動詞不定式來表示。例如:TheyhavenotbeenabletocometoBeijing.他們沒有能到北京來。11.lookfor/find5lookfor意為“尋找”，而find意為“找到，發現”，前者強調“找”這一動作，并不注重“找”的結果，而后者則強調“找”的結果。例如:Shecan’tfindherruler.她找不到她的尺子啦。Tomislookingforhiswatch，buthecan’tfindit.湯姆正在尋找他的手表，但沒能找到。12.besleeping/beasleepbesleeping表示動作，意思是“正在睡覺”;beasleep表示狀態，意思是“睡著了”。如:---Whatarethechildrendoingintheroom?孩子們在房間里做什么,---Theyaresleeping.他們正在睡覺。Thechildrenareasleepnow.現在孩子們睡著了。13.often/usually/sometimesoften表示"經常"，sometimes表示"有時候"，在表示發生頻率上often要高于usually，usually要高于sometimes。這三個詞表示的是經常性，一般性的動作或情況，常與一般現在時連用，常位于主要謂語動詞的前面，其他謂語動詞(be動詞，情態動詞和助動詞)的后面，有時也可位于句尾。如果要加強語氣，則放在句首。Weusuallyplaybasketballafterschool.我們通常放學后打籃球。SometimesIgotobedearly.有時，我睡覺很早。HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.他經常在早晨讀英語。14.Howmuch/Howmanyhowmuch常用來詢問某一商品的價格，常見句式是Howmuchis/are??這條裙子多少錢,Howmuchistheskirt?Howmucharethebananas?這些香蕉多少錢,howmuch后加不可數名詞，表示數量，意為“多少“，howmany后加可數名詞的復數形式。Howmuchmeatdoyouwant?你要多少肉呀,Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?你們班有多少人,15.begoodfor/begoodto/begoodatbegoodfor表示"對??有好處"，而bebadfor表示"對??有害";begoodto表示"對??友好"，而bebadto表示"對??不好";begoodat表示"擅長，在??方面做得好"，而bebadat表示"在??方面做得不好"。Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼保健操對你的眼睛有好處。Eatingtoomuchisbadforyouhealth.吃的太多對你的身體有害。MissLiisgoodtoallofus.李老師對我們所有的人都很友好。Thebossisbadtohisworkers.這個老板對他的工人不好。LiLeiisgoodatdrawing,butI'mbadatit.李雷擅長畫畫，但是我不擅長。16.each/everyeach和every都有"每一個"的意思，但含義和用法不相同。each從個體著眼，every從整體著眼。each可用于兩者或兩者以上，every只用于三者或三者以上。Weeachhaveanewbook.我們每人各有一本新書。Therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet.街的兩旁有樹。6Hegetsupearlyeverymorning.每天早晨他都起得早。each可以用作形容詞、副詞和代詞;every只能用作形容詞。Eachofthemhashisownduty.他們各人有各人的義務。Theyeachwanttodosomethingdifferent.他們每個人都想做不同的事情。17.一般現在時/現在進行時一般現在時表示經常性的或習慣性的動作或存在的狀態，也表示說話者的能力，還有自然現象;而現在進行時表示正在進行或發生的動作(構成方式為am/is/are/+doing)。Idomyhomeworkintheevening.我在晚上做作業。I'mdoingmyhomeworknow.我現在正在做作業。現在進行時常與now,thesedays,atthemoment或Look,listen等詞連用;而一般現在時常與often,always,sometimes,usually,everyday,inthemorning,onMondays等連用。Weoftencleantheclassroomafterschool.我們經常放學后打掃教室。Look!Theyarecleaningtheclassroom.看～他們正在打掃教室呢。【考點掃描】中考考點在本單元主要集中在:1(動詞一般現在時和現在進行時的用法，人稱代詞的用法，可數名詞和不可數名詞的構成和用法。2(本冊書中常見的交際用語3(本冊書中一些重點的詞組和短語考試形式往往是單項填空、完形填空、短文改錯和短文填空。【中考范例】1.(2010年安徽省中考試題)---Hurryup!We’reallwaitingforyou.---I________foranimportantphonecall.Gowithoutme.A.waitB.waswaitingC.amwaitingD.waited【解析】答案:C。表示現在正在進行的動作，用現在進行時。2.(2011年長春市中考試題)Couldyouhelp____with_______English,please?A.I,myB.me,meC.me,myD.my,I【解析】答案:C。第一個空作賓語，應用人稱代詞的賓格me,第二個空作定語，應用形容詞性物主代詞my。3.(2010年長春市中考試題)Dr.Whitecan_______Frenchverywell.A.speakB.talkC.sayD.tell【解析】答案:A。說什麼語言常用動詞speak。4.(2010年黃岡中考試題)7Englishisspokenby______people.A.alotB.muchmanyC.alargenumberofD.agreatdealof【解析】答案:C。只有alargenumberof能用來修飾復數可數名詞people。【滿分演練】一.單項選擇1.Thereissome______ontheplate.A.cakesB.meatC.potatoD.pears2.UncleWangwants______themachinelikeabike.A.rideB.ridingC.ridesD.toride3.Tomusuallygoestobed________teno'clockintheevening.A.atB.inC.onD.of4.______picturebooksinclass,please.A.NotreadB.NoreadC.NotreadingD.Don'tread5.Theboxistooheavy.Let________helpyoutocarryit.A.weB.usC.oursD.our6.Hurryup,______we'llbelateforthemeeting.A.andB.butC.thenD.or7.Peopleusually______"hello"toeachotherwhentheymakeaphonecall.A.sayB.speakC.tellD.talk8.Look!She________akiteforherson.A.makesB.ismakingC.makeD.making9.Theseshoesareyours.Please________.A.putonthemB.putonitC.putthemonD.putiton10.Sheoftengets______verylate.A.homeB.athomeC.tohomeD.inhome11.Ithinktheshopisclosed________thistimeofday.A.inB.onC.atD.for12.Iwant______ofmeat,please.A.halfkiloB.ahalfkiloC.halfakiloD.akilohalf13.---Isthisblackruler________?---No.It's________.A.yours,hisB.your,hisC.yours,himD.you,he14.________bookonthedeskisauseful(重要的)one.A.AB.AnC.TheD./15.Grandmaisill.Wehavetotakehertothe________.A.farmB.postofficeC.hotelD.hospital16.LiuMeioftenhelpshermother________housework.8二.A.doesB.doC.doingD.todoing17.Wewatcheveningnewson________at7:00intheevening.A.CCTVB.CAACC.WTOD.MTV18.There________aboxofapplesonthedesk.A.areB.isC.hasD.have19.Wouldyoulike________withme?A.goB.togoC.goingD.goes20.Sometimeshisbrother________TVaftersupper.A.watchB.seesC.watchesD.iswatching二.填空A.根據句義和首字母寫出所缺的單詞1.Kate'sglassisempty.Shewantsaf______one.2.Ithinkmyfathercanhelpyoum______yourbrokenbike.3.Ihavetwopencils.Oneisshort,theotherisl______.4.Pleaseopenthew______.It'sgettinghothere.5.Somethingisw______withmybike.MayIborrowyours?B.根據句意，用括號中所給詞的適當形式填空1.Therearesome________there,talkingloudly.(woman)2.Thisblouseisn'thers.It's________.(my)3.Thepeopleonthefarmarevery________.(friend)4.Doyouknow________?(he)5.Tom'sunclecandrivecars.Heisagood________.(drive)C.選詞并用其適當形式填空work,close,look,have,teacher,pen,eat,China,play,climb1.Thisisour________desk.Oursareoverthere.2.Billhasthree________.Oneisnewandtheothertwoareold.3.Hisuncle________veryyoungbutheisoverforty.4.Let's________basketballafterclass.5.Look!Thecatsare________upthetrees.6.Theshopisn'topen.It's________.7.Mybrother________somenewpicturebooks.8.Inourclassroomthereisalargemapof________.9.Mum,pleasegivemesomethingto________.I'mveryhungry.10.DoesMrGreenlike________inthisChineseschool?三.根據對話內容，從方框中選擇恰當的句子完成對話A.Pleasegiveitbacksoon.B.It'soverthereC.Certainly.Whendoyouwantit?D.Thankyouverymuch.E.Blackandred,andit'snotverynew.A:Excuseme,LinTao!9B:Yes?A:Mybikeisbroken.CanIborrowyours?B:__1____.A:Thisafternoon.B:OK.Here'sthekey.A:____2__.Butwhereisit?B:__3____.A:Whatcolourisit?B:__4____.A:Isee.IthinkIcanfindit.B:___5___.A:Allright.Seeyou!四.完型填空Thesedaysmenandwomen,youngandoldare___1_____thesamekindof___2____,andalotof___3_____havelonghair(頭發).Weoftencan't___4_____whethertheyareboysorgirls,menorwomen.___5_____oldmanoftengoestowalkinthepark.Heissittingonachairnow.Ayoungpersonis___6________7_____him."Oh,goodness!"theoldmansaystotheotherone."Doyou___8_____thatpersonwithlonghair?Isitaboyoragirl?""Aboy,"saystheotherone."Heismyson.""Oh,"saystheoldman,"Please____9____me.Idon'tknowyouarehis____10____.""I'mnothismother,I'mhisfather,"saystheotherone.1.A.havingB.wearingC.puttingD.buying2.A.clothesB.treesC.picturesD.Bags3.A.weB.yourC.themD.Theirs4.A.talkB.teachC.sayDtell5.A.AnB.AC.TheD./6.A.runningB.flyingC.standingD.driving7.A.onB.besideC.inD.At8.A.seeB.watchC.lookD.Read9.A.helpB.excuseC.teachD.Ask10.A.babyB.sisterC.fatherD.Mother五.閱讀理解(A)MrLiteachesChineseintheUSA.HecomesbacktoChinaeveryyear.Hegivesusatalk.Hesays,"KDayintheUSAisveryinteresting.Allchildrenlikeitverymuch.ItisonMarch7th.Whenyougooutonthatday,youcanseechildrenrunningwithkitesintheopenair(露天).Whenyoulookup,youcanseedifferentkitesinthesky(天空).Somearebig,andsomearesmall.Theyareindifferentcolours.Everykitehasalongstring(長線).Thechildrenbegintorunwhentheygetthekitesup.Everychildhasagoodtimethatday.1.MrLiis_______________.HeworksintheUSA.A.aworkerB.anEnglishteacherC.adoctorD.aChineseteacher2.MrLisayssomethingabout_______________.10A.howtostudyEnglishB.KDayintheUSAC.hisworkintheUSAD.playingintheopenair3.March7this_________________.A.Children'sDayB.Teachers'DayC.KDayD.TreeplantingDay(植樹節)4.Everykitehas_____________________.A.ashortstringB.alongstringC.thesamecolourD.thesamesize(大小)5.Thereare_______________kitesintheskyonthatday.A.allkindsofB.onekindofC.threekindsofD.three(B)PaulaMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridayGetup7:10a.m.7:10a.m.7:10a.m.7:10a.m.7:10a.m.morningschoolschoolschoolschoolschoollunchpizzaricericericericeafternoonYo-yoTable-tennisTable-tennisT