謂語動詞的被動語態Part01謂語動詞被動態英語動詞的兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。謂語動詞——被動態被動語態由“助動詞be+動詞過去分詞”構成，一般來說只有及物動詞才有被動語態。助動詞be有人稱、數、時態的變化。常見的七種時態的被動語態：一般現在時：am/isaredone

一般過去時：was/weredone一般將來時：will/shallbedone 現在進行時：am/is/arebeingdone過去進行時：was/werebeingdone 現在完成時：have/hasbeendone

過去完成時：hadbeendone一、被動語態的形成注意：含有情態動詞的被動語態結構：情態動詞+be+過去分詞。Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.每天八小時的睡眠必須保證。一、被動語態的形成1、不知道或沒必要指明動作的執行者時。Thesportsmeetingwillbeheldnextweek.運動會將在下周進行。2、強調或突出動作的承受者時Tommywasunluckytobehitbythefootball.湯米很倒霉地被那個足球砸到了。3、動作的執行者被較長的修飾語修飾時。Thecoatwasorderedbythefashionablydressedwoman.這件大衣被那位穿著時髦的女性預定了。二、使用被動語態的主要情況一個句子賓語變主語的過程就是主動變被動的過程。1、主語+謂語+賓語→被動句Hewaterstheflowerseveryday.→Theflowersarewateredbyhimeveryday.三、主動與被動的轉換2、主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語→被動句①give，send，take，bring等常帶有兩個賓語，變為被動語態時，可將其中任何一個賓語改為主語，另一個保留不變。在這種變換過程中，如果直接賓語成為被動句的主語，被保留的間接賓語前通常加to。Thestudentsgavetheforeignguestsawarmwelcome.學生們給予了外國賓客熱烈的歡迎。1）Theforeignguestsweregivenawarmwelcomebythestudents.2）Awarmwelcomewasgiventotheforeignguestsbythestudents.三、主動與被動的轉換2、主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語→被動句②buy，make，find，get等在被動語態中被保留的間接賓語前通常加for。此時for不可省略，在這種結構中，間接賓語不作主語。Myfatherboughtmeamobilephone.→Amobilephonewasboughtformebymyfather.Iwasboughtamobilephonebymyfather.（×）三、主動與被動的轉換3、主語+謂語+賓語+賓補→被動句①該結構變為被動句時，主動句中的賓語變為主語，賓語補足語變為主語補足語，原主語常省略。Wecallthiskindofwaterspringwater.我們稱這種水為泉水。→Thiskindofwateriscalledspringwater(byus).三、主動與被動的轉換②帶有形式賓語it的句子也可以變為被動句。Weconsideritimportanttopreparewellforthecomingexamination.我們認為充分準備即將到來的考試很重要?！鶬tisconsideredimportanttopreparewellforthecomingexamination(byus).③省略to的不定式作賓語補足語在變為被動句時要加上toIheardhermovearoundintheroomlastnight.昨晚我聽到她在房間里走動?！鶶hewasheardtomovearoundintheroomlastnight.三、主動與被動的轉換1、被動語態表動作，系表結構表狀態。Thecatwasfrightenedbylightning.貓被閃電驚嚇到了。（貓被嚇到）Thecatwasfrightened.貓驚嚇到了。（貓處驚嚇狀態。）四、被動語態與系表結構的區別2、系表結構中過去分詞可用quite，very，rather，too，so，more，most等詞修飾，被動結構中過去分詞可用greatly，much等詞修飾。Themeetingwasarrangedquiteperfect.會議安排得相當完美。Weweregreatlytouchedbytheletter.這封信使我們深受感動。四、被動語態與系表結構的區別Part02練習1.Now,peoplecanlearnaboutthehistorythroughadocumentarycalledTheSix:TheUntoldStoryofTitanic’sChinesePassengers,which__________(release)onApril16,2021.2.InAugust2019,ameteorologicalcenterand65staffmembersfromacrosstheprovincebeganoperationsinXi’an.Andnowtheteam__________(support)bytheworkofotherforecastersintheprovince.3.Sofar,anumberofnewtechnologies__________(apply)tothecorecabin(核心艙).練習wasrealeasedis/aresupportedhavebeenapplied4.Thatpromisemaybeyearsawayfromrealizationbutrapidtypingenabledbybioprintingatpresent__________(push)medicaladvancesforwardatasteadypace.5.Fairtradeisthetradethatisgoodfortheproducer,asystemthatensuresmoreofthepriceconsumerspay__________(go)totheproducer.6.TherepairoftheJiankouGreatWall,which__________(start)in2016,wascarriedoutgradually.練習ispushinggoesstarted7.ThisChinesepalacewithahistoryofabout600yearsreceivesmillionsofvisitorseveryyearandlotsofTVprograms__________(show)theplaceinrecentyears.8.EverytimewhenI__________(be)abletodeliveraspeechtotheaudiencefromaroundtheworld,Ialwaysthoughtofyou.練習haveshownwas9.AmidtheongoingCOVID-19pandemic,moreandmoreChinesehaverealizedtheimportanceofhealthand__________(start)exercisingathomebecauseofthecontrolandpreventionpolicythathindersthemfromgoingoutsometimes.10.Aneagleflewoverthesnow-cappedmountains,which