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本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)題目:涼水井煤礦6.0Mt/a新井設(shè)計(jì)巖巷快速施工技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀與支護(hù)趨勢大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文任務(wù)書畢業(yè)論文題目:涼水井煤礦6.0Mt/a新井設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)論文專題題目:巖巷快速施工技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀與支護(hù)趨勢畢業(yè)論文主要內(nèi)容和要求:根據(jù)采礦工程專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)大綱,本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)分為一般部分、專題部分和翻譯部分,具體包括:1、一般部分:涼水井煤礦6.0Mt/a新井設(shè)計(jì),主要內(nèi)容包括:礦井概況、礦井工作制度及設(shè)計(jì)生產(chǎn)能力、井田開拓、首采盤區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)、采煤方法、礦井通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)、礦井運(yùn)輸提升等。2、專題部分:巖巷快速施工技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀與支護(hù)趨勢3、翻譯部分:完成近3~5年國外期刊上與采礦或煤礦安全有關(guān)的科技論文翻譯一篇,要求不少于3000字符。大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文答辯及綜合成績答辯情況提出問題回答問題答辯委員會(huì)評語及建議成績:答辯委員會(huì)主任簽字:年月日學(xué)院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組綜合評定成績:學(xué)院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組負(fù)責(zé)人:年月日
摘要本設(shè)計(jì)包括三個(gè)部分:一般部分、專題部分和翻譯部分。一般部分為涼水井煤礦6.0Mt/a新井設(shè)計(jì),共包括10章:1.礦區(qū)概述及井田地質(zhì)特征;2.井田境界和儲(chǔ)量;3.礦井工作制度及設(shè)計(jì)生產(chǎn)能力;4.井田開拓;5.準(zhǔn)備方式-盤區(qū)巷道布置;6.采煤方法;7.井下運(yùn)輸;8.礦井提升;9.礦井通風(fēng)與安全技術(shù);10.礦井基本技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)。涼水井礦井位于陜西省榆林市神木縣境內(nèi),井田走向長約7.9km,傾向長約11.0km,面積約69.4km2。主采煤層為4-2、5-2煤層,平均傾角0~3°,平均厚度2.98m。井田工業(yè)儲(chǔ)量為747.5Mt,可采儲(chǔ)量590.72Mt,礦井服務(wù)年限為75a。礦井正常涌水量為100~150m3/h,最大涌水量為450m3/h;礦井相對瓦斯涌出量為1.01m3/t,屬瓦斯礦井。根據(jù)井田地質(zhì)條件,設(shè)計(jì)采用雙斜井兩水平開拓方式,井田采用盤區(qū)式布置方式,共劃分為四個(gè)盤區(qū),輔運(yùn)大巷、膠運(yùn)大巷和回風(fēng)大巷皆為煤層大巷,布置在4-2煤層中。考慮到本礦井為低瓦斯礦井,經(jīng)過方案比較礦井通風(fēng)方式采用中央并列式通風(fēng),由于工作面推進(jìn)長度較大,需風(fēng)量較多在井田開采后期通風(fēng)較困難,因此在后期在井田兩翼設(shè)置兩個(gè)回風(fēng)斜井,滿足井田后期開采需風(fēng)量。針對42101工作面進(jìn)行了采煤工藝設(shè)計(jì)。該工作面煤層平均厚度為3.2m,平均傾角1°,頂板巖性以粉砂巖、細(xì)粒砂巖為主,局部為中粒砂巖和泥巖。工作面采用長壁一次采全高綜合機(jī)械化采煤法。采用雙滾筒采煤機(jī)割煤,往返一次割兩刀。采用“三八制”工作制度,截深1.0m,每天8個(gè)循環(huán),循環(huán)進(jìn)尺16m,月推進(jìn)度440m。大巷采用可伸縮式膠帶輸送機(jī)運(yùn)煤,輔助運(yùn)輸采用無軌膠輪車。專題部分題目為《巖巷快速施工技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀與支護(hù)趨勢》,介紹了礦井巖巷快速施工的現(xiàn)狀與支護(hù)的趨勢,經(jīng)過查閱大量資料和結(jié)合國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)場應(yīng)用分析,認(rèn)為發(fā)展快速掘進(jìn)技術(shù)對煤礦經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長有著非常大的意義。翻譯部分為《\o"GotoMiningScienceandTechnology(China)onSciVerseScienceDirect"MiningScienceandTechnology》中的一篇題目為《Discriminationconditionsandprocessofwater-resistantkeystrata》的論文。關(guān)鍵詞:涼水井礦;雙斜井;盤區(qū)布置;一次采全高綜合機(jī)械化采煤;中央并列式;巖巷快速施工與支護(hù);隔水關(guān)鍵層ABSTRACTThisdesignincludesofthreeparts:thegeneralpart,specialsubjectpartandtranslatedpart.Thegeneralpartisanewdesignof6.0Mt/aforLiangShuijingmine,itincludestenchapters:1.Anoutlineoftheminefieldgeology;2.Boundaryandthereservesofmine;3.Theservicelifeandworkingsystemofmine;4.developmentengineeringofcoalfield;5.Thelayoutofpanelen;6.Themethodusedincoalmining;7.Transportationoftheunderground;8.Theliftingofthemine;9.Theventilationandthesafetyoperationofthemine;10.Thebasiceconomicandtechnicalnorms.LiangShuijingmineislocatedinYuLin,Shanxiprovince.It’sabout7.9kmonthestrikeand11.0kmonthedip,withthe69.4km2totalhorizontalarea.Theminablecoalseamis4-2、5-2withanaveragethicknessof2.98mandanaveragedipof0-3°.Theprovedreservesofthiscoalmineare747.5Mtandtheminablereservesare2590.72Mt,withaminelifeof75a.Thenormalmineinflowis100-150m3/handthemaximummineinflowis450m3/h.Theminegasemissionrateis1.01m3/twhichcanberecognizedaslowgasmine.Basedonthegeologicalconditionofthemine,thisdesignusesaduel-verticalslopedouble-leveldevelopmentmethod,andfullstrippreparation,whichdividedintofourbands,beltconveyorroadwayandreturnairwayareallcoalroadways,arrangedinthefloorrockof4-2coalseam.Takingintoaccountofthelowgasemission,mineventilationmethodusethecentralparatactictypeventilation,Becauseworkingfaceimpellinglargelength,needtoairvolumeinminingfieldlatemoredifficultventilation,thereforeinthelaterinthefieldsettworeturnairshaftswings,meetlatertorunminingairvolume.Thedesignconductedcoalminingtechnologydesignagainstthe42101face.Thecoalseamaveragethicknessofthisworkingfaceis3.2mandtheaveragedipis1°,theimmediateroofismudstoneandthemainroofissandstone.Theworkingfaceappliesfullymechanizedlongwallfull-heightcoalcavingmethod,andusesdoubledrumshearercuttingcoalwhichcutstwiceeachworkingcycle."Three-Eight"workingsystemhasbeenusedinthisdesignandthedepth-webis1.0mwitheightworkingcyclesperday,andtheadvanceofaworkingcycleis16mandtheadvanceis440mpermonth.Specialsectionentitled《RapidConstructionofRocksituationandsupporttrends》;aftertheaccesstolargeamountsofdataandanalysisoffieldapplicationathomeandabroad,thedevelopmentofrapidexcavationtechniquesthatsustainedeconomicgrowthincoalmineshasaverylargesignificance.Translationpartfor"theMiningScienceandTechnology"inthetitlefortheDiscriminationconditionsandprocessofwater-resistantkeystrataofthewaterofthekeystratumdiscriminantrecognitionconditionsandsteps.Keywords:LiangsShuiJingcoalmine;DoubleverticalDoubleslope;Plateareadecorate;Inonetimesthecomprehensivemechanizedmininghigh;Thecentralparatactictype;Rockfastconstructionandsupporting;Waterproofkeylaye一般部分專題部分第頁參考文獻(xiàn)[l]王金華.我國煤巷機(jī)械化掘進(jìn)機(jī)現(xiàn)狀及錨桿支護(hù)技術(shù).煤炭科學(xué)技術(shù),2004,32(l)[2]李躍宇,吳志海.我國煤礦掘進(jìn)裝備技術(shù)發(fā)展的思路.煤炭科學(xué)技術(shù),2000,28(9):46~47[3]ROBINHILL.適用于所有開采的機(jī)器-連續(xù)式采煤機(jī).WORLDCOAL.1998(8)[4l朱昊.振動(dòng)截割式掘進(jìn)機(jī)的研制.煤礦機(jī)電,1999(2)[5]涂興子,康全玉,翟新獻(xiàn)等.厚煤層分層綜采技術(shù).北京:煤炭工業(yè)出版社,2002[6]張寶明,陳炎光,涂永沂.中國煤礦高產(chǎn)高效技術(shù).徐州:中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)出版社,2001[7]《綜采技術(shù)手冊》編委會(huì).綜采技術(shù)手冊.北京:煤炭工業(yè)出版社,2001[8]曹催晨,孟晉忠.TBM在國內(nèi)外的發(fā)展及其在萬家寨引黃工程中的應(yīng)用.水利水電技術(shù),2001,32(4)[9]丁錄仕.炮掘巷道快速掘進(jìn)技術(shù).煤礦開采,2004,9(4):50~51[10]沈季良等編.建井工程手冊.北京:煤炭工業(yè)出版社,1985[11]路耀華,崔增祁主編.中國建井技術(shù).徐州:中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)出版社,1995[l2]閆日武,王高.大斷面巖巷快速掘進(jìn)技術(shù).建井技術(shù),2002,23(l)[13]張衛(wèi)斌.煤巷快速掘進(jìn)技術(shù)初探.采礦技術(shù),2003,3(4)[14]尚立斌.隧道掘進(jìn)技術(shù)在斜井井筒施工中的應(yīng)用.山西科技,2004(5):76~78[15]牛寶玉.采掘錨與掘錨一體化快速掘進(jìn)成巷技術(shù).煤炭工程,2003(l1)9~12[16]崔增祁,李樹青.巖巷施工技術(shù)的回顧與展望.建井技術(shù),N.o5~6,1996[17]劉其興著.現(xiàn)代鑿井技術(shù)研究.西安礦業(yè)學(xué)院.陜新出批字第95157號,1995[18]董方庭、姚玉煌、黃初主編.井巷設(shè)計(jì)與施工.徐州:中國礦業(yè)學(xué)院出版社,1986[19]賽云秀編著.現(xiàn)代礦山井巷施工技術(shù).陜西:陜西科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,2000[20]DongFangting,etc.DesignandConsrtuctionofMineShaftandDritf,ChinaUniversityofMiningandTechologyPress,1991[21]Per-AndersPersson、RogerHolmberg、JaiminLee.RoekBlastingandExplosivesEngineeringCRCPress,1994[22]FrankHarris,GroundEngineeringEquipmentandMethods,McGRAW-HILLBookCompanyLimitedNEWYORK,1983[23]姜彥忠編.爆破技術(shù)基礎(chǔ).北京:中國鐵道出版社,1992[24]王樹仁.我國煤礦巖巷爆破技術(shù)的回顧與展望.建井技術(shù),1996[25]戴光林,林東才編著.光爆錨噴施工技術(shù).北京:煤炭工業(yè)出版社,1992[26]胡坤倫,楊仁樹等.淮南煤礦深部巖巷掘進(jìn)用爆破器材優(yōu)化.中國礦業(yè),2005,14(3)[27]周昌達(dá)等編.井巷工程.北京:冶金工業(yè)出版社,1993[28]孫執(zhí)書.采掘機(jī)械與液壓傳動(dòng).徐州:中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)出版社,1991[29]白杰平.液壓傳動(dòng)與采掘機(jī)械.北京:煤炭工業(yè)出版社,1995[30]程居山主編.礦山機(jī)械.徐州:中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)出版社,1997[31]張衛(wèi)斌.煤巷快速掘進(jìn)技術(shù)初探.采礦技術(shù)2003,3(4)[32]陳光寒,龐景波.淺談提高礦井綜合單進(jìn)的幾個(gè)途徑.雞西大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2005,5(4):25~27[33]王建軍,林在康.掘進(jìn)保證系數(shù)-一種衡量采掘平衡的新指標(biāo).遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版),1992,18(6):593一595[34]中國礦業(yè)學(xué)院等編.井巷工程.北京:煤炭工業(yè)出版社,1980[35]董方庭.巷道圍巖松動(dòng)圈支護(hù)理論,1997[36]A.WahabKhair.HowtocopewithcutterroofProblem.11thInternationalConferenceonGroundControlinMining.TheUniversityofOollongong,NSW,July1992[37]HeManchao,WangHongmei.MiningTrendofChineseCoalResourcesinthe2lstCenturyandthePredicting,SystemforEnvironmentalDamageduetoMining.ProceedingsoftheJapan-ChinaJointForumonEnvironmentalGeomechanics.KyushUniversityPress,1994:29~34[38]侯朝炯,郭勵(lì)生,勾攀峰.煤巷錨桿支護(hù)[M].徐州:中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)出版社,1999英文原文:Discriminationconditionsandprocessofwater-resistantkeystrataWANGLianguo*,MIAOXiexing,WUYu,SUNJian,YANGHongboStateKeyLaboratoryofGeomechanics&DeepUndergroundEngineering,ChinaUniversityofMining&Technology,Xuzhou221008,ChinaAbstract:Water-preservationminingisoneofthemostimportantpartsofthe‘GreenMining’technologysystem,whichcanrealizetheeffectiveregulationofgroundwaterresourcesbycontrollingstratamovement,changingpassivepreventionandgovernanceofwaterdisasterstoactiveconservationandutilizationofgroundwaterresourcesandthusobtainingcoalandwatersimultaneouslyinmining.Theconceptofwater-resistantkeystratafurtherenrichesthecontentofthekeystratumtheoryandprovidesatheoreticalbasisforwater-preservationmining.Inordertorealizetheideaofwater-resistantkeystrataasaguidelineinthedesignofwater-preservationminingandengineeringapplications,theconditionsfordiscriminationintheprocessofwater-resistantkeystrata,wehavepresentedamechanicalmodel,aswellasitscorrespondingcomputerprogram,basedonalargenumberoftheoreticalanalysesandfieldmeasurements,aswellasonacomprehensiveconsiderationoftheposition,structuralstabilityandseepagestabilityofkeystrata.Practicalengineeringapplicationsindicatethatthisdiscriminationmethodanditscorrespondingcomputerprogramonwater-resistantkeystrataareaccurateandreliableandcansatisfytheactualdesignneedsofwater-preservationminingandthushaveinstructionalimportanceforwater-preservationmininginminingareaslackingwater.Keywords:water-resistantkeystratum;water-preservationmining;structuralstability;seepagestability1IntroductionThekeystratumtheoryofstratacontrolproposedbyQianetal.hasbeenwidelyappliedintheidentificationofsuitablestratigraphichorizonsofbedseparationgrouting,inthedesignofdrillingholearrangementsofgroundgasdrainage,inthecontrolofoverlyingstrataandsurfacesubsidenceandelsewhere[1].The‘keystrata’inthiskeystratumtheoryofstratacontrolarereferredtoasstructuralkeystrata,bearingthemaineffectofrockmassmovementsduringmining,whichcontrolsthestructuralshapeofrupturedrockmasses.Givengroundpressurecontrolproblemsinwater-preservationmining,Miaoetal.have,inthelastfewyears,presentedtheconceptofwater-resistantkeystrata[2-5].Awater-resistantkeystratuminwater-preservationminingisdifficulttodefinebutcanbedescribedasfollows:providedthattheupperaquiferofacoalseamisabovethestructuralkeystratum,ortheloweraquiferofacoalseamisbelowthestructuralkeystratumandifthestructuralkeystratumcannotbreakundermining,thenthestructuralkeystratumhasawater-resistantfunctionandiscalledthewater-resistantkeystratum.Ifthestructuralkeystratumcanbreakundermining,butthebrokenfissurescanbefilledwithweakrockstrataandaseepagewater-inrushchannelcannotbeformed,thenacompoundwater-resistantkeystratumisformedbycombiningthestructuralkeystratumwithaweakrockstratum.Fromthisdescription,onecanseethatthewater-resistantkeystratumcanconsistofonlyonesinglerockstratum,orbycompoundingseverallayersofweakrockstratawithhardrockstrata.Therockstrataofthewater-resistantkeystratummustincludehardrockstratawhichcanbearthestrainofrockmassmovementduringmining.Thatistosay,awater-resistantkeystratummustbeformedbystructuralkeystratumorbycompoundingweakrockstratawithhardrockstratathatcanbearacertainamountofstrainofrockmassmovementduringmining.Theconceptofawater-resistantkeystratumfurtherenrichesthecontentofthekeystratumtheoryandprovidesatheoreticalbasisforwater-preservationmining.However,distinguishingwater-resistantkeystratalargelydependsonfieldexperienceandisstillshortofascientificbasis.Inordertorealizetheideaofwater-resistantkeystrataasaguidelineinthedesignofwater-preservationminingandengineeringapplications,inthisstudy,wepresenttheconditionsfordiscriminationandprocessofwater-resistantkeystrataandtheircorrespondingcomputerprogramsbasedonalargenumberoftheoreticalanalysesandfieldmeasurements.Inthismethodofdiscrimination,theposition,structuralstabilityandseepagestabilityofkeystrataareconsideredcomprehensively.Wealsoprovideforacorrespondingforceanalysismodel.Ourpracticalapplicationssuggestthatthediscriminationmethodanditscorrespondingcomputerprogramsofwater-resistantkeystrataareaccurateandreliable,whichshouldsatisfytheactualdesignneedsofwater-preservationminingandarethusofinstructionalimportanceforwater-preservationmininginminingareaslackingwater.2ConditionsfordiscriminationAccordingtoourdescriptionofawater-resistantkeystratum,weseethatthedecisionofwhetherthereisawater-resistantkeystratumintheoverlyingstratashouldbeconsideredfromtwosides.First,weneedtodecidewhetherthereisarockstratumthatcancontrolthemovementoftheoverlyingstrataabovethecoalseam(roof)orbelowthecoalseam(floor).Rockstratacanconsisteitherofasinglerockstratumcalledthestructuralkeystratumorisacompoundstratumwhichcancontrolthemovementoftheoverlyingstratainaparticularcombinationofseverallayersofweakandhardrockstrata.Theserockstratahavethecapacityofwater-resistancewhentheirstructureremainstableanddonotbreak.Secondly,theriskofwater-inrushcanbejudgedbytheabruptchangesinthecharacteristicsofbrokenrockseepageastherockstratabreakwhenmining.Ifnowater-inrushfromthebrokenrockstrataoccurs,wecanconcludethattheserockstrataarewater-resistantkeystrata.Therefore,thediscriminationofwater-resistantkeystratacanbeclassifiedintothreesteps:2.1DiscriminationbasedonpositionThebasisfortheformationofwater-resistantkeystrataisthattherearestructuralkeystrataintheoverlyingstrata.Wemustfirstidentifythepositionofstructuralkeystrataandthenidentifywhetherthesestructuralkeystratacanformwater-resistantkeystrata[1].Thepositionofastructuralkeystratumcanbeidentifiedbycombiningthedrillingdataandtheminedgeologicalconditionswiththekeystratumtheory.ProvidedthattherockstratumS1isthelowestkeystratumasshowninFig.1,whichcontrolsnlayersofrockstrata(S2,…,Sn,SmarerefertorockstrataaboveS1,and1,2,…,nandmarethelayernumber,wheren<m),thentheloadq1ofnlayersofrockstrataactingonrockstratumS1canbeexpressedasfollows:whereEi,iandhiaretheelasticmodel,thebodyforce,andthethicknessofeachrockstrata(i=1,2,…,n,s,m).Ifaspecificrockstratumisakeystratum,itshouldsimultaneoussatisfytheconditionsofdiscriminationbasedonstiffness(deformation)andstrength,whichcanbepresentedasfollows:whereliindicatesthefirstintervalofroofbreakingoftheithrockstratum.Giventheconditionofafixed-fixedbeam,thefirstintervalofroofbreakingofthe1strockstratumcanbeexpressedasfollows:whereisthelimitofthecompressivebearingcapacity.2.2DiscriminationbasedonstructuralstabilityThestructuralstabilityofakeystratumintheoverlyingstrataisveryimportantforcontrollingwaterinrushunderminingconditions.Ifakeystratumdoesnotbreakduringmining,water-inrushwillnotoccur.Takingacompoundwater-resistantkeystratumoftheoverlyingstrataasanexample,itslowerrockstratummustbeahardrockstratumnomatterwhetheritismadeupofseverallayersofrockstrata.Inordertocarryoutastrengthanalysisofarepresentativecompoundwater-resistantkeystratum,westudiedacompoundwater-resistantkeystratummadeupoffourrocklayers,similartothestructuralprocedurefollowedbyMiaoetal[4].ItsmechanicalmodelisshowninFigs.2and3,wherelistheadvancingdistanceoftheminingworkface,4histheheightofthecrosssectionanditswidthisunitlength.Accordingtothemechanicalmodelofacompoundwater-resistantkeystratum,thenormalstressandshearstressofeachrockstratuminacompositerockbeamcanbecalculatedbyusingEqs.(4)and(5),respectively.Otherwise,theintervalofroofbreakingofthecompositerockbeamcanbeanalyzedbytheMohr-Coulombfailurecriterion,wherethefirstintervalofroofbreakingl1canbecalculatedbyusingEq.(6).Hence,wecandistinguishthestructuralstabilitycharacteristicsofkeystrataintheoverlyingstrata[4].2.3DiscriminationbasedonseepagestabilityAccordingtotheseepagetheoryofaminedrockmass,wecantheoreticallydecidewhetherabrokenstructuralkeystratumintheoverlyingstratastillhastheabilityofwater-resistance,orstillisawater-resistantkeystratum[6-11].Wehaveusedthenrocklayers(includingthekeystratum)betweenthekeystratumandthemainaquifertoanalyzeitspermeabilityandtheseepagecatastrophecoefficientoftheroof(floor)todeterminetheseepagestabilityofthekeystratumintheoverlyingstrata[8-9],whichcanbecalculatedasfollows:whereisthemassdensityofwater;p0–pnthedifferenceinpressurebetweenroof(floor)andaquifer;anon-Darcyflowfactor;μthedynamicviscosity;hjthethicknessofthejthrocklayer;iactheaccelerationcoefficientandkithepermeability.When<1,thecompositerockstratabetweenthekeystratumanditsoverlyingstratastillhastheabilityofwater-resistance,whichcanformacompoundwater-resistantkeystratum,wherewater-inrushaccidentsdonotoccur.When,thecompositerockstratabetweenthekeystratumanditsoverlyingstratadoesnothavetheabilitytoresistwaterandthereforecannotformacompoundwater-resistantkeystratumandwater-inrushaccidentsmayoccur.Accordingtothisthree-stepdiscriminationmethod,wecansolvetheproblemsofwhetherthereisawater-resistantkeystratumintheoverlyingstrataandwhatkindofrockstratumcanformawaterresistantkeystratum.3DiscriminationprocessGivenouranalysisofthedeterminationandconditionsofwater-resistantkeystrata,itcanbeseenthatthedeterminationofwater-resistantkeystrataisacomparativelycomplexsystem.Ourproposedmethodofathree-stepdeterminationisalsoacomparativelycomplexcalculationinpracticeandmaybedifficultinpracticalengineeringapplications.Forconveniencetherefore,wedesignedaspecialprogramforthedeterminationofwater-resistantkeystrataandacorrespondingcomputerprogramforthedeterminationprocessofwater-resistantkeystrataasshowninFig.4.Inputforthecomputerprogramisgeometric,physicalandmechanicalparameters,seepagepropertiesofeachrockstratumintheoverlyingstrata,hydrogeologicalconditionsandotherproperties.Theoutputparametersofthecomputerprogramarestructuralstabilityandseepagestabilityofwater-resistantkeystrata.Elsewhereacorrespondinginterpretationandfeasiblecountermeasuresaregiven.Thedeterminationprogramofthewater-resistantkeystrataincludesfiveparts:astructuralcalculationmoduleofthekeystratum,ananalyticalseepagecharacteristicsmodule,adatabasemodule,afuzzyreasoningmoduleandaninterpretationmodule.Thestructuralcalculationmodulelargelycalculatesstructuralstabilityofthekeystratum,includingaforcedstateandthefirstintervalofroofbreakingofthekeystratum.Theseepagecharacteristicmodulemainlycalculatestheseepagestabilityofthebrokenkeystratum.Thedatabasemodulepreservesthephysicalandmechanicalcharacteristicparametersandseepagepropertiesofeachrockstratumandapartoftheexpertknowledgethatcanbeusedbyfuzzyreasoning.Thefuzzyreasoningmoduledeterminesthedeletedparametersbasedonreasoninggivenaconditionofscarcityofdata.Theinterpretationmodulemainlyinterpretstheobtainedresultsandpresentsexpertopinionsandsuggestions,inaccordancewithmanytypesofconditions.4ExampleanalysisThestrikelengthofthe12610fully-mechanizedworkfaceintheDaliutacoalmineoftheShendongminingareais5293.4mandthelengthofitsinclination239.8m,sotheareaoffully-mechanizedworkfaceis1269357m2.Thecoalseampitchisaround1°~5°anditsaveragethickness5.19m.Thegeologicalreservesareabout8498474tandtherecoverablereservesapproach7903581t.Giventhecapacityofthemine,thiscanbeminedoveraperiodof10months.The12610fully-mechanizedworkfacehas141setsofJOY8670installedforsupportandisequippedwithasetofJOY7LSshearers.The12610workfacebelongstothespringareaofHalagouandSanbulago,andthereisaQuaternaryloosebedandYananformationbedrockintheoverlyingstratumofthe2–2-coalseam.Loosesoilsarefrom10~100mthick,withanaverageof67m.Thereisasandygravellayeratthebottomofthisloosebed,0~15mthick,withanaverageof6.3m(thesandygravellayerintheBaijiaquditchis2.4~9.6mthick).ThethicknessoftheYananformationbedrockintheoverlyingstratumis27.5~65.0m,withanaveragethicknessof48m(theYananformationbedrockintheBaijiaquditchis27.5mthick).Onthefirstcavingsegmentofthecut-hole,theYananformationbedrockisabout60mthick,theloosebed50m,theweatheredbedrock22mandthesandygravellayerbetween0~5m.Thefirstcavingsegmentofthecut-holebelongstotheareaofloosebedswithlotsofwater.Thephysicalandmechanicalparametersoftheroofrockstrataofthe12610workfaceareshowninTable1.Accordingtoourthree-stepdiscriminationmethodofthewater-resistantkeystrata,wemustfirstidentifythepositionofthestructuralkeystratumintheoverlyingstrata.Onthebasisofthephysicalandmechanicalparametersoftheroofrockstrataofthe12610workface,wedeterminedthatthemainroof,18mthick,isthestructuralkeystratumoftheminingoverlyingstratabasedonourtheoreticalcalculation,usingEq.(2).Thedeformationandmovementofthemainroofleadstothemovementofalloverlyingstrata.Sothemainroofcanformasinglewater-resistantkeystratumuntilitbreaks.Themainroofwillcausethemovementofalloverlyingstratawhenitbreaks.Secondly,wemustdeterminethestructuralstabilityofstructuralkeystrataintheoverlyingstrata.Wecalculatedthebearingload1qandthefirstbreakingintervall1ofthekeystratabasedonthephysicalandmechanicalparametersoftherockstrata,giveninTable1.Thecalculatedresultscanbeexpressedasfollows:Weknowfromthecalculatedresults,thatthekeystratamustbreakwhenthe12610workfaceispushed.However,fromTable1,wecanseethatthereisasoftclayeyrockbetweenthekeystratumandtheaquifer(betweenthefirstandthesecondaquifer)Weshouldalsodeterminefromtheseepagecalculationwhetherthecompoundwater-resistantkeystratum,acombinationofthekeystratumandthesoftclayeyrock,hasawater-resistantfunction.So,inathirdstep,wemustidentifythepermeabilityperformanceofthecompoundkeystratathatcombinesthekeystratumandthesoftclayeyrock.Thereare10layersofrockstrataabovethe12610workface.Themassdensityofwateris1000kg/m3anditsdynamicviscosityTheaveragepressuredifferencebetweenthe12610workfaceanditsupperaquifer,i.e.,p0–pnis0.8MPa.Basedontherockstratastrainfields,calculatedbyRFPAsimulation,wecanobtaintheseepagepropertiesofeachlayerwhentheworkfaceadvances50m,asshowninTable2.Accordingtotheseepagepropertiesofeachlayer,asshowninTable2andEq.(7),wecancalculatetheseepagecatastrophecoefficientasfollows:Fromthisresult,weseethattheseepagecatastrophecoefficientwhentheworkfaceadvances50mandtheoverlyingstratacannotformacompoundwater-resistantkeystratum,sothataccidentsofwater-inrushwilloccur.Therefore,wemusttakemeasurestopreventwater-inrushandtoensuresafeminingattheworkface.5Conclusions1)Whetherthereisawater-resistantkeystratumintheoverlyingstratashouldbeconsideredfromtwosides.Infirstinstance,weshouldconsiderwhetherthereisarockstratumcontrollingthemovementoftheoverlyingstrataabovethecoalseam(roof)orbelowcoalseam(floor).Thisrockstratumcanbeeitherasinglerockstratumcalledthestructuralkeystratumoracompoundstratumwhichcancontrolthemovementoftheoverlyinginaspecialcombinationofseveralweakrocklayersandahardrockstratum.Theserockstratahavetheabilitytoresistwaterwhentheirstructureremainsstableanddoesnotbreak.Secondly,theriskofwater-inrushcanbejudgedbytheabruptchangesinthecharacteristicsofthebrokenrockseepage,whentherockstratumbreaksdurinmining.Ifthereisnowater-inrushfromthebrokenrockstratum,wecanconcludethattheserockstrataarewater-resistantkeystrata.2)Wehavepresentedathree-stepdiscriminationmethodofwater-resistantkeystrata.Wefirstidentifiedthepositionofthestructuralkeystratumintheoverlyingstrata.Secondly,weidentifiedthestructuralstabilityofthisstructuralkeystratumintheoverlyingstrata.Finally,weidentifiedtheseepagestabilityofstructuralkeystratum,alsointheoverlyingstrata.Weoutlinedthecorrespondingdiscriminationconditionsandthecalculationformulaforthewater-resistantkeystratum.3)Basedonthethree-stepdiscriminationmethodofthewater-resistantkeystratum,wehavepresentedthediscriminationprocessofthewater-resistantkeystratumanditscorrespondingcomputerprogram.4)Practicalapplicationsindicatethatthisdiscriminationmethodanditscorrespondingcomputerprogramofwater-resistantkeystrataareaccurateandreliable,whichcansatisfytheactualdesignneedsofwater-preservationminingandarethereforeofinstructionalimportanceforwater-preservationmininginareasshortofwater.References[1]QianMG,MiaoXX,XuJL,MaoXB.TheoryofKeyStratainStrataControl.Xuzhou:ChinaUniversityof[2]QianMG,MiaoXX,XuJL.Resourcesandenvironmentharmonics(green)mining.JournalofChinaCoalSociety,2007,32(1):1-7.(InChinese)[3]QianMG,MiaoXX,XuJL.Resourcesandenvironmentharmonics(green)mininganditstechnologicalsystem.JournalofMining&SafetyEngineering,2006,23(1):1-5.(InChinese)[4]MiaoXX,ChenRH,BaiHB.Fundamentalconceptsandmechanicanalysisofwater-proofkeystratainwater-keepingmining.JournalofChinaCoalSociety,2007,32(6):561-564.(InChinese)[5]MiaoXX,PuH,BaiHB.Principleofwater-resistingkeystrataanditsapplicationinwater-preservedmining.JournalofChinaUniversityofMining&Technology,[6]PuH,MiaoXX,YaoBH,TianMJ.Structuralmotionofwater-resistingkeystratalyingonoverburden.JournalofChinaUniversityofMining&Technology,[7]FengMM,MaoXB,BaiHB,MiaoXX.Analysisofwaterinsulatingeffectofcompoundwater-resistingkeystrataindeepmining.JournalofChinaUniversityof[8]MiaoXX,LiuWQ,ChenZQ.SeepageTheoryofMinedRockMass.Beijing:SciencePress,2004.(InChinese)[9]ChenZQ,MiaoXX,LiuWQ.Analysisonstabilityofparametricsystemofseepageflowinwallrockaffectedbymining.JournalofCenterSouth[10]KongHL,MiaoXX,WangLZ,ZhangY,ChenZQ.Analysisoftheharmfulnessofwater-inrushfromcoalseamfloorbasedonseepageinstabilitytheory.JournalofChinaUniversityofMining&Technology,2007,[11]WangLG,MiaoXX.Cuspcatastrophemodelofrelationsamongpermeability,stressandstrainofrocks.ChineseJournalofRockMechanics&Eng
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