題型03主旨大意題

需高=?常見題型解讀

1'命題特點

主旨大意題在高考中出現次數穩定，通常1-2題，但題目具有一定難度。這類試題主要考查通過快

速瀏覽文章，獲得主旨大意，并對文章的標題、主題、段落大意等進行歸納、概括的能力。

廠’考查方向

主旨大意題題干關鍵詞besttitle,mainidea/theme/subject,mainlyabout等。題目類型包括標題歸納

題、段落大意題、文章大意題。

n命題規律

1.段首、段尾處常考

2.轉折詞處常考

3.因果關系處常考

4.問題處常考

02

跟我學?解題思維剖析

主旨大意題解題思維

i.主題句必須能簡潔明了地概括全文的主要內容，具有高度的綜合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句

子都是對主題句的進一步的解釋、說明、論證或拓展。

2.一般說來說明文和議論都有主題句，而且多位于文章的開頭，有時也位于文章的中間或末尾。

3.不能直接在文章中直接找到主題句，抓每一段的主旨句，一般在段首。理清楚段與段之間邏輯關系

然后自己歸納總結。

模板1標題歸納題

1.簡潔：短小精悍，多為短語，動名詞短語或祈使句。

2.概括：概括全文、涵蓋性強、體現主旨；

標題模板

3.針對：標題外延與文章內容相符，范圍一致，不會以偏概全；

4.醒目：新穎奇特，激發讀者的閱讀興趣；

1.正面思維肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎上，串聯細節共同點，斷定標題。；

2.逆向思維否定法：拋開原文，設想各個選項為“標題”用它們寫出來的“文章”會是什

答題規律么內容，然后和原文章對照，依次排除不符選項；

3.研讀備選項差異：研讀四個選項里面的中心詞、修飾詞的變化、概括性等。

干擾項特點斷章取義（僅為文中一細節）、以偏概全、物種生有、范圍過大。

模板2段落大意題

結構法和關鍵詞法

L總分：主題句在段首；

2.分總：主題句在段尾；

3.總分總：主題句段首尾前后呼應；

4.分總分：開頭拋磚引玉，主題在段總；

5.關鍵詞：抓住段落中出現頻率較高的關鍵詞，然后對其概括和歸納，確定段落大意。

答題規律主題句的判斷

段首1.主題句多為段首第一句（觀點或對象）；或第一句拋磚引玉引出第二句。

段尾2.主題句也常為段尾句（結論或總結）。

段中前面的話是為引出主題而擺出問題或現象。

無主題句沒有主題句，需根據段落內容自己概括。重點提煉各個段落首句，兼顧尾句。

模板3文章大意題

四種方法巧利用

1.文體法：新聞報道主旨在第一句；說明文主旨在第一段或第二段；議論文主旨在首段或尾段；記敘文主

旨一般在尾段或首尾呼應。

2.主題句法：讀文章標題；略讀各段首尾句；讀首段和尾端；讀邏輯關聯詞后的句子內容。

3.高頻詞法：尋找文中出現頻率較高的關鍵詞。

4.概括法：中心主旨隱含在句子中，需要考生根據已知的細節歸納出文中的大意。

主題句特點

1.段落中出現表示轉折的詞語(如however,but,infact,actually等)時，該句很可能是主題句。

2.首段出現疑問句時，對該問句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

3.作者有意識地重復的觀點，通常是主旨；反復出現的詞語，一般為體現文章主旨的關鍵詞。

4.表示總結或結論的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等詞，通常是主旨。

命題點01標題歸納題

【典例01]

（2023?浙江嘉興?統考一模）

Itwasaquietmorninginthelibrary,andwelibrarianswereenjoyingaratherloudchat.Suddenly,apatron

（常客）marcheduptous,gaveusanannoyed“Shush!”andwentbacktoherseat.Howstrangeforagroupof

librarianstobeshushedbyapatron!Shouldn'titbetheotherwayaround?

Well,ifscomplicated.Ifyou'relikeme,amiddle-agedwoman,youprobablyrememberlibrariesasplacesof

silentreading.Thesedays,however,librariesaremorelikeactivecommunitycenters.

Inthepast,mostlibrariesdidn'tfocusmuchonprogramsforkidswhoseagemadeitimpossibleforthemtobe

quietondemand.Butgrowingknowledgeabouttheimportanceofkidsandteenslearningthroughhands-on

experienceshassincecausedaseachangeinhowlibrariesconnectwithyoungreaders.Nowlibrariesbegin

offeringinteractiveprogramsforkids,includingcrafts,boardgames,andstorytimes.Thesetypesofprograms

certainlyaren'tdesignedtobesilent.

Alongwithmoreprogramsforever-youngerchildren,technologytodayhasplayedapartinthetransformation

oflibrariesintoplaceswherebothkidsandadultscanusecomputers,makesomethingona3Dprinterandmore.In

addition,manylibrariesnowofferprogramsforadults,whocanparticipateininbookdiscussion,learncalligraphy,

andeventakecollegeclasses.

Ofcourse,librariesstillneedpeacefulphones.Thesedays,manylibrarieshaveglassed-offstudyroomsor

quietareas.Theyarealsolessnoisyintheearlyafternoons,aftermorningchildren'sprogramsandbeforethe

after-schoolkidcrowdarrive.

IfscleartomenowthatonthedaymycolleaguesandIwereshushedbyapatron,weshouldhavebeenusing

our“libraryvoices“aswetalked.Still,it'sunlikelythatlibrarieswilleverreturntothedayswhentheywereplaces

ofsilence.There5sjusttoomuchfunandlearninghappening.

46.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.LibrariesShouldbeLoudB.ReadingCanbeFuninLibraries

C.LibrariesMakeLearningHappenD.LibraryProgramsTargetChildren

【典例02]

（2023?廣東深圳?高三校考階段練習）

Today,poetryandscienceareoftenconsideredtobemutuallyexclusivecareerpaths.Butthatwasn'talways

thecase.ThemathematicianAdaLovelaceandthephysicistJamesClerkMahwahwerebothaccomplishedpoets.

ThepoetJohnKeatswasalicensedsurgeon.Combiningthetwopracticesfelloutoffavorinthe1800s.But

translatingresearchintolyrics,haiku,andotherpoeticformsisresurging（再現）amongscientistsastheylookfor

alternativewaystoinspireotherswiththeirfindings.

“Poetryisagreattoolforquestioningtheworld,saysSamIllingworth,apoetandageoscientistwhoworks

attheUniversityofWesternAustralia.Throughworkshopsandanewscience-poetryjournal,calledConsilience,

Illingworthishelpingscientiststotranslatetheirlatestresultsintopoemsthatcanattractappreciationfromthose

outsideoftheirimmediatescientificfield.

StephanyMazon,ascientistfromtheUniversityofHelsinkiinFinland,joinedoneofIllingworth'sworkshops.

Intheworkshop,shewasgroupedwithotherscientistsandtaskedwithwritingahaiku,a17-syllable-longpoem,

whichspotlightedwater,afluidthatfeaturedinallofthegroupmembers5researchprojects.64Itwasalotoffun,

andsurprisinglyeasytowritethepoem,^^Mazonsays.Sheplanstocontinuewriting.t4Wedoadisservice（傷害）to

ourselvestothinkthatscientistscan'tbeartisticandthatartcan'tbeuseatocommunicatescientificideas,Mazon

says.

ThatviewpointisechoedbyIllingworth,whothinkssciencecommunicationinitiativesaretoooften

dominatedbypubliclectureswiththeirhands-offPowerPointslides."Actually,whensciencecommunication

involveswritingandsharingpoems,itinvitesatwo-waydialoguebetweenexpertsandnonexperts,hesays.

Scientist-poetManjulaSilva,aneducatoratImperialCollegeLondon,agrees.Poetryprovidesawaytotranslate

complexscientificconceptsintoalanguagethateveryonecanunderstand,Silvasays.

Scientistsandpoetsarebothtryingtounderstandtheworldandcommunicatethatunderstandingwithothers.

Thedistinctionbetweenscientistsandpoetsislessthanpeoplemightthink.We'realljustpeoplewithhopefully

reallyinterestingthingstosayandtoshare.

39.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Poetry:AGreatTooltoQuestiontheWorld

B.ScientistsTakeonPoetry

C.ScienceCommunication:ATwo-wayDialogue

D.ScientistsandPoetsThinkAlike

命題點02段落大意題

【典例oil

（2023?湖南長沙?高三湖南師大附中校考階段練習）

Despitebeingconnectedonline,nomatterwhatstateyou'refrom,eachcitystillretainsitsownlanguageand

slang.AtmypublichighschoolinLosAngeles,wehadourownsecretlanguage.Apartywasa"yart”.Abeerwas

a"brewsky”.IfItriedtousethesewordsinfrontofanyonethatdidn'tliveinLosAngeles,theywouldhaveno

ideawhatwasgoingon.WhenIcametocollegeandusedthesewordsaroundmyroommatefromtheEastCoast,

shewouldlookatmewithablankstare.

Whetherthewaywetalkisregionalorfromonline,thesoulofcommunicationliesinitspowertoconnect

people,fosterunderstanding,andfacilitateinteractionsthatshapeourpersonalandsociallives.Ihaveoftenfound

it'sthewayweconnectwiththepeoplewelivearound.

58.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthelastparagraph?

A.Themeansofcommunication.B.Thenatureofcommunication.

C.Theelementsofcommunication.D.Theprocessofcommunication.

【典例02】

（2023?浙江嘉興?統考一模）

Inthepast,mostlibrariesdidn'tfocusmuchonprogramsforkidswhoseagemadeitimpossibleforthemtobe

quietondemand.Butgrowingknowledgeabouttheimportanceofkidsandteenslearningthroughhands-on

experienceshassincecausedaseachangeinhowlibrariesconnectwithyoungreaders.Nowlibrariesbegin

offeringinteractiveprogramsforkids,includingcrafts,boardgames,andstorytimes.Thesetypesofprograms

certainlyaren'tdesignedtobesilent.

44.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Thepastandthepresentoflibraries.B.Thereasonforthechangeoflibraries.

C.Theactivitiesforyoungchildreninlibraries.D.Theconnectionbetweenlibrariesandreaders.

命題點03文章大意題

【典例】

（2023?河南駐馬店?高三校聯考階段練習）

WehadfinallydecidedtoskipourtraditionalfamilydinnerandmakethetriptoMacy'sThanksgivingDay

ParadewhenKerrywas5.Likemanyotherfamilieswepackedasmallbackpackwithslicedturkeysandwiches

andjuiceboxes.Aftergettingoffthetrain,wewerewalkinguptotheentrancewhenKerryspottedahomeless

womansittingintheshadows,invisibletoallexceptmycuriousdaughter.

“What'sthat?"sheasked.LindaandIlookedateachother,worriedabouttheneedtoexplainsomethingvery

differentthanthehappyscenewewereabouttojoin.Duringourfirstyearsofparenthoodwe'ddiscussedhowwe

wouldexplainsuchtopicsaslife,death,andlove.Buthomelessness?Itcamesosuddenlythatwejustgaveas

simpleanexplanationaswecouldandcontinuedontotheparade.

Thefollowingyear,wedecidedtoattendtheparadeagain.SothenightbeforeThanksgivingwewent

shoppingforslicedturkeyforsandwiches.atCanwebringsomesandwichesforthosepeople?^^sheinquired,Again,

Kerrycaughtusoffguard.tcWhy??,wasmyfirstreaction.Butweknewimmediatelywhomshemeant.Howcould

werefuse?Whywouldwerefuse?ThiswasagoldenopportunitytohonorKerry'ssenseofcharity.Six-year-old

Kerrywasteachingusanimportantlesson.Thatnightwepreparedandpackedtwo-dozensandwichesintoournow

overstuffedbackpack.

ScanningtheshadowsafterreachingManhattanagain,Kerryspottedahomelessmansittinginthesamespot

aslastyear.Westoppedandtookoutthefirstofthelittlefeastsfromthepack.Withoutawordofinstruction,we

handedittoKerry.Shewalkedovertothemanslowly,handingthesandwichtohim.Neitherspokeaword.Then

wewereofftotheparade,stoppingalongthewaytodistributetherestofthesandwiches,exceptoneforeachofus.

Somehow,nogiantThanksgivingsit-downfeastevertastedasgoodasthosesandwiches.Overthenext

decadewedidthesamethingsagainandagain.Afterall,there9snothinglikesharingaturkeysandwichwithnew

friends.

8.WhatdoestheauthormainlywanttotellusaboutThanksgiving?

A.Ifsawordofaction.B.Ifsanoldtradition.

C.Ifsagoodtimeofreunion.D.Ifsasurprisingfeast.

吃篇ii?知識遷移強化

L（2023?河南駐馬店?高三校聯考階段練習）

Fallenleavesareeverywhereaswintercomes.Traditionally,peoplesweepupthefallenleaves,putthemin

bagsandsendthemtolandfills.Butthereisagrowingmovementtoleaveleavesontheground.They511naturally

breakdownoverthewinterintorichorganicmatter.Thematteralsoshelterssomeinsects.

Butsomeleavespreventthegrowthofotherplants.Blackwalnut（黑胡桃），forexample,containsapoisonin

itsleavesthatkillsmanyplants,includingapples,peppers,tomatoesandpotatoes.Besides,wholeleavesshouldnot

bepermittedtoremainonwalkways,wheretheycouldmakethepathdangerouslyslippery.Theyshouldalsonotbe

leftongrasslawns,wheretheyarelikelytocausedisease.Inareasthatexperiencesnowcover,waterwould

becometrappedbetweengrassandleaves.Inareaswithoutsnow,wholeleavesthatcovergrassesblockwaterand

sunlightfromreachingthesoilbelow.

Manypeoplechoosetobreakuptheleavesusingamachineandletthepiecesfallbetweenpiecesofgrass.

Thenthepiecesbreakdownfurtherinthesoil.However,thistreatmentcankillinsectsandtheireggs.

Anothermethodistotaketheleavesoffthelawnandspreadthemlightlytocovergardenbeds.Theleaves

mostlybreakdownbyspringandalmostentirelybysummer.Butifnot,theyshouldberemovedbeforespring

growthbegins.

Leavesalsocanbeusedtomakeleafmold（腐葉土）,atypeoffertilizermadeentirelyfromleaves.Justputthe

leavesinacorner,addnitrogenfertilizer（氮月巴），andthenwaterthemtokeepthemwetinside.Itmaytakeayearor

two,buttheleaveswillbreakdownintoanutritioussoil.

Fallenleavesbuildrichsoil,protectplantrootsandshelterwildlife,inyourgarden,andelsewhere.Done

correctly,leavingtheleavesisoneofthebestwaystoturnyardwasteintofreefertilizer,whichisgoodforplants,

theenvironment,andsavingmoney.Whywastethatimportantresource?

31.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.HowCanFallenLeavesBeTurnedintoArt?B.DoLeavesFalltotheGroundAroundtheRoots?

C.ShouldYou"LeavetheLeaves^^ontheGround?D.WillWhatComesfromLeavesReturntotheSoil?

2.（2023?寧夏銀川?高三銀川唐徐回民中學校考）

LanguageslikeItalianorFinnishcanbespelledmoreeasilybecauseeachletterofthealphabetmatchestoone

sound.Studentsstudyingtheselanguagescanhave90percentreadingaccuracyafterthefirstyear.However,

studentsevenafteryearsoflearningEnglisharestillfarbelowItalianorFinnishstudentsinreadingaccuracy.

EnglishstartedasaGermaniclanguage.ItismostcloselyconnectedtoGermanandDutch,especiallyin

grammarandbasicvocabulary.DuringtheNormaninvasioninthe12thcentury,OldEnglishwasspokenbut

Frenchwasusedingovernmentandlegaldocuments.AndLatinwasusedinreligiousandeducationalactivities.As

aresult,moreFrenchandLatinwordsenteredtheEnglishlanguage.Theprintingpressinventedinthelate1400s

helpedtoestablishEnglishspelling.TheEnglishoftodayishowthelanguagewaswrittenatthetime.However,

thespokenlanguagestartedtochangeinthe1500swiththepronunciationofalllongvowels（元音）.Forexample,

“bite"waspronouncedcloserto"beet"inthe1400s,beforechangingthroughtheyearstoitscurrentsound.The

effectwasthattheEnglishlanguagehadoldspellings,butnewsounds.

Englishhas26lettersinthealphabet,butover44individualsoundsdependingonthevariationofspoken

English.Thereareseveralsoundsrepresentedbyonlyoneletter.Forexample,theletter"C"cansoundlikean"S"

asin"city”.Anditalsosoundslikea"K"asin"cat”.

Thereareonly5or6vowellettersintheEnglishalphabet.TheyincludeA,E,I,O,U,andsometimesY.But

thereare20differentwaystosoundthem.Atthecentreisthemostcommonvowelsoundof"uhhh”.Itisthemost

relaxedandnaturalsound.Ittakesalmostnoeffortofthetongueorthroattocreatethesound.Sinceittakeslittle

effort,thesound"uhhh"oftenmakesitswayintopronunciations.Forexample,theword"please“oftenturnsinto

“PUH-lease“whensomeoneistryingtocallattention.ThisisanotherreasonwhyspellinginEnglishissodifficult!

25.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A.ThecomplexhistoryofEnglish.

B.TheformationofmodernEnglish.

C.TheinfluenceofEnglishonotherlanguages.

D.FactorspromotingthedevelopmentofEnglish.

3.（2023?福建?高三校聯考期中）

Imagineyoucanopenyourfridge,openanapponyourphoneandimmediatelyknowwhichitemswillgobad

soon.ThisisoneoftheapplicationsthatanewtechnologydevelopedbyengineersattheUniversityofCalifornia

SanDiegowouldenable.

Thetechnologycombinesachip（芯片）integratedintoproductpackagingandasoftwareupdateonyour

phone.Thephonebecomescapableofidentifyingobjectsbasedonsignalsthechipsendsoutfromspecific

frequencies,inthiscaseBluetoothorWiFi.Inanindustrialsetting,asmartphoneequippedwiththesoftwareupdate

couldbeusedasaradiofrequencyidentification（RFID）reader.

Theworkusesbreakthroughsinbackscatter（反向散射）communication,whichusessignalsalreadygenerated

byyoursmartphoneandre-directsthembackinaformatyourphonecanunderstand.Effectively,thistechnique

useslesspowerthanthelatesttechnologytogenerateWiFisignals.

Thecustomchip,whichisroughlythesizeofagrainofsandandcostsonlyafewpenniestoproduce,needs

solittlepowerthatitcanbeentirelypoweredbyLTEsignals,atechniqueforwirelessbroadbandcommunication

formobiledevices.ThechipturnsBluetoothsignalsintoWiFisignals,whichcaninturnbedetectedbya

smartphonewiththatspecificsoftwareupdate.

Thetechnology'sbroaderpromiseisthedevelopmentofdevicesthatdonotneedbatteriesbecausetheycan

harvestpowerfromLTEsignalsinstead.Thisinturnwouldleadtodevicesthataresignificantlylessexpensivethat

lastlonger,saidDineshBharadia,oneofthepaper'sseniorauthors.

“E-waste,especiallybatteries,isoneofthebiggestproblemstheplanetisfacing,afterclimatechange,

Bharadiasaid.

Forfutureresearch,theteamwillintegratethistechnologyintootherprojectstodemonstrateitscapabilities,

andtheyalsohopetocommercializeit,eitherthroughastartuporthroughanindustrypartner.

16.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.NewtechnologyturnssmartphonesintoRFIDreaders

B.Smartphonesneedtobeequippedwithsoftupdates

C.RFIDreadersobtainnewchipsandhavenewfunctions

D.Backscattercommunicationmakesthebestofsmartphones

4.（2023?河北?高三泊頭市第一中學校聯考期中）

Researchhasfoundthatusingwoodforconstructioninsteadofconcreteandsteelcanreduceemissions.But

TimSearchingeratPrincetonUniversitysaysmanyofthesestudiesarebasedonthefalsefoundationthat

harvestingwoodiscarbonneutral（碳中和）.“Onlyasmallpercentageofthewoodgetsintoatimber（木料）

product,andapartofthatgetsintoatimberproductthatcanreplaceconcreteandsteelinabuilding,9,hesays.

Efficienciesvaryindifferentcountries,butlargeamountsofaharvestedtreearelefttobedividedintoparts,used

inshort-livedproductslikepaperorburnedforenergy,allofwhichgenerateemissions.

InareportfortheWorldResourcesInstitute,Searchingerandhiscolleagueshavemodelledhowusingmore

woodforconstructionwouldaffectemissionsbetween2010and2050,accountingfortheemissionsfrom

harvestingthewood.Theyconsideredvarioustypesofforestsandpartsofwoodgoingtowardsconstruction.They

alsofactoredintheemissionssavingsfromreplacingconcreteandsteel.

Undersomecircumstances,theresearchersfoundsignificantemissionsreductions.Buteachcaserequired

whattheyconsideredanunrealisticallyhighportionofthewoodgoingtowardsconstruction,aswellasrapid

growthonlyseeninwarmerplaces,likeBrazil.Ingeneral,theyfoundalargeincreaseinglobaldemandforwood

wouldprobablyleadtorisingemissionsfordecades.Accountingforemissionsinthisway,theresearchersreported

inarelatedpaperthatincreasingforestharvestsbetween2010and2050wouldaddemissionsequaltoroughly10

percentoftotalannualemissions.

AliAmiriatAaltoUniversityinFinlandsaysthereporfsconclusionsaboutemissionsfromrisingdemandare

probablycorrect,butthestoryisdifferentforwoodwealreadyharvest."'Boostingtheefficiencyofcurrentharvests

andusingmorewoodforlongerlivedpurposesthanpaperwouldcutemissions,hesays."Wecannotjustsaywe

shouldstopusingwood.^^

10.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Theprocessofthenewresearch.B.Thebackgroundofthenewstudy.

C.Thechallengeofthenewresearch.D.Theachievementsofthenewstudy.

5.（2023?福建泉州?高三校考期中）

IT'SATYPICALmorning:youwakeup,takeashower,brushyourteeth,andthenprick（刺；扎）yourarm

withatinyneedle.Wait,what?Unlessyouhaveaseriousdiseasesuchasdiabetes,youprobablyhaven,tevertested

yourownblood.Butinthefuture,thatmightchange.

ThecompanyCoralreadysellsasystemforhomebloodtesting.Youstickyourarmusingasupposedly

painless,one-off,blood-drawingcartridge（針筒）aboutthesizeofalipstick.Thenyoustickthecartridgeintoa

devicethatlookslikethebaseforanelectrictoothbrush.Afewminuteslater,anapponyourphonebuzzeswith

updatedinformation,includingyourcurrenthealthdataandtipsonwhattoeatandhowtoexerciseduringtheday.

Ifstruethatbloodcontainsawealthofinformationaboutaperson'shealth.Bloodtestscanshowifapersonis

infectedwithadiseaseoratriskforavarietyofproblems,includingaheartattackorastroke.Butmostpeople

don'ttesttheirownblooduntiladoctorsaysit'stime.Healthyyoungadultsgetregularbloodtestsabouteveryfive

years.Thesetestshappenatalab,whereatechnicianoranursesticksalongneedleintothearmtodrawout

severaltubesfullofblood.Corandsimilarcompanies,suchasWellnessFX,aretryingtochangeallthat.They

thinkpeopledeserveaccesstomoreinformationabouttheirownhealth.

Butnoteveryoneisconvincedthatregularbloodtestingforhealthypeopleisagreatidea.Cor'ssystemis

expensiveandmaypotoffermuchbenefit."Thelightestresulthereisthatyouloseyourmoneyandthenyou're

remindedtogetmoresleepandtoeatmorefruits,vegetables,andfish,“PieterCohenofHarvardMedicalSchool

toldtheNewYorkTimes.46Theworstresultisthatyouendupgettingfrightenedbyprobablyabnormalresultsthat

areactuallycompletelynormalforyou.^^

Plus,theresultsofahomebloodtestmightbewrong.It'shardtogetaccurateresultsfromatinyamountof

blood.Sowhatdoyouthink?Ismonitoringyourownhealthviapinpricksthewayofthefuture?Orisitbetterto

leavebloodtestingtomedicalprofessionals?

8.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Homebloodtests:yesorno?B.Shouldbloodtestsbeallowedathome?

C.Anewsystemofimprovingyourhealth.D.Homebloodtesting:yourhealthmonitor!

6.（2023?四川雅安?高三統考階段練習）

Newresearchlinksoutdoorairpollution-evenatlevelsconsideredsafe-toanincreasedriskofdiabetes

（糖尿病）globally,accordingtoastudyfromtheVASt.LouisHealthCareSystem.Thefindingsraisethe

possibilitythatreducingpollutionmayleadtoadropindiabetescasesinheavilypollutedcountriessuchasIndia

andlesspollutedonessuchastheUnitedStates.

Diabetesisoneofthefastestgrowingdiseases,affectingmorethan500millionpeopleworldwide.Themain

driversofdiabetesincludeeatinganunhealthydiet,havingasedentarylifestyleandobesity,butthenewresearch

indicatestheextenttowhichoutdoorairpollutionplaysarole.

“Ourresearchshowsasignificantlinkbetweenairpollutionanddiabetesglobally,9,saidZiyadAl-Aly,MD,

thestudy'sseniorauthorandanassistantprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofWashington.t6Wefoundan

increasedrisk,evenatlowlevelsofairpollutioncurrentlyconsideredsafebytheUSEnvironmentalProtection

Agency（EPA）andtheWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）.Thisisimportantbecausemanyindustrylobbying（游

說）groupsarguethatcurrentlevelsaretoostringentandshouldberelaxed.Evidenceshowsthatcurrentlevelsare

stillnotsufficientlysafeandneedtobetightened.

Whilegrowingevidencehassuggestedalinkbetweenairpollutionanddiabetes,researchershavenot

attemptedtoquantifythatburdenuntilnow."Overthepasttwodecades,therehavebeenbitsofresearchabout

diabetesandpollution,saidAl-Aly.”Wewantedtothreadtogetherthepiecesforabroader,moresolid

understanding.^^

Theresearchersalsofoundthattheoverallriskofpollution-relateddiabetestilted（傾斜）moretoward

lower-incomecountriessuchasIndiathatlacktheresourcesforenvironmentalmitigationsystemsandclean-air

policies.Forinstance,poverty-strickencountriesfacingahigherdiabetes-pollutionriskincludeAfghanistan,Papua

NewGuineaandGuyana,whilerichercountriessuchasFrance,FinlandandIcelandexperiencealowerrisk.The

USexperiencesamediumriskofpollution-relateddiabetes.

32.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Currentpollutioncontrollevelsneedtobetightened

B.Diabetesisoneofthefastestgrowingdiseasesglobally

C.Airpollutioncontributessignificantlytodiabetesglobally

D.Poverty-strickencountriesfaceahigherdiabetes-pollutionrisk

7.（2023?河南駐馬店?高三校聯考階段練習）

We,modernhumans,spend90%ofourtimeinside,travelingbetweenhomesandoffices,schoolsand

apartments,restaurantsandgyms.I'vebeenhearingthisstatisticsomuchthatIstartedtowonderifitwasanurban

legend.Ifsnot!ThebestreferenceforthestatisticappearstobeTheNationalHumanActivityPatternSurvey

（NHAPS）.

ThesurveywasfundedbytheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency（EPA）."EPA'smainpurposefor

collectingtheNHAPSdatawastoprovidediaryrecordsthatcouldbeusedasinputsforcomputer-basedhuman

exposuremodels,9,saysthestudy.Inotherwords,inordertounderstandhowhumansmightbeimpactedby

pollutantsinourvariousindoorandoutdoorenvironments,scientistsneededtoknowhowmuchtimewespendin

differentlocations.

ThesurveywasconductedbytheUniversityofMaryland'sSurveyResearchCenter.Thesurveyused

telephoneinterviewstocollect24-hourretrospective（回顧的）diariesfromeachrespondent（調查對象）.Between

340and1,713respondentswereinterviewedineachofthetenEPAregionsacrossthe48neighboringstates.

Respondentsweregenerallyrepresentativeofthewholenationforgender,age,race,andeducationalattainment.

Americansspend87%oftheirtimeindoorsandanadditional6%inanenclosedvehicle.Theseproportions

（比色！J）arealsofairlyconstantacrossvariousregionsoftheUnitedStatesandCanada.Thefindingthatemergesis

thatwearebasicallyanindoorspecies.Inamodernsociety,totaltimeoutdoorsisthemostnegligiblepartofthe

day,oftensosmallthatitbarelyshowsupinthetotal.

Isthestudyaccurate?Probablynot.Itmaynottakeintoaccountsomepopulationsthatspendahigh

proportionoftimeoutside.Asthestudystates,"Thosewhowereawayfromahomeforextendedperiodswerenot

includedinthesurvey.Theseindividualsmaybemorelikelythanthosewhowereathometospendlargequantities

oftimeoutdoors.Also,thesurveymethodologyalsodoesn'taccountwellforbitsoftimespenttakingoutthe

trash,walkingtothecar,ortakingasmokebreakoutside.

35.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Asuggestionforfurtherstudies.B.Apossi