GOFORIT八年級(jí)下冊(cè)_英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講練習(xí)Practicemakesperfect!初二下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講及練習(xí)(一)一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextyear,nextmonth,nextweek,in100years等。begoingtodo(動(dòng)詞原形)結(jié)構(gòu):表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如:Itisgoingtorain.willdo結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來的用法:1.表示預(yù)見Doyouthinkitwillrain?Youwillfeelbetterafteragoodrest.2.表示意圖Iwillborrowabookfromourschoollibrarytomorrow.Whatwillshedotomorrow?基本構(gòu)成如下:一般疑問句構(gòu)成:(1)will+主語(yǔ)+do??WillSarahcometovisitmenextSunday?(2)therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句:Willthere+be??Willtherebefewertrees?Yes,therewill./No,therewon’t否定句構(gòu)成:will+not(won’t)+doSarahwon’tcometovisitmenextSunday.特殊疑問句構(gòu)成:特殊疑問詞，will，主語(yǔ)，?,WhatwillSarahdonextSunday?(二)should的用法:should用來提出建議和忠告，后邊加動(dòng)詞原形，否定句直接在should后邊加not.例如:Ithinkyoushouldeatlessjunkfood.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該少吃垃圾食品。Shedrivesalotandsheseldomwalks.SoIthinksheshouldwalkalot.她經(jīng)常開車，很少走路。所以我認(rèn)為她應(yīng)該多走路。Studentsshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.學(xué)生們不應(yīng)當(dāng)花太多的時(shí)間玩計(jì)算機(jī)游戲。學(xué)習(xí)向別人提建議的幾種句式:(1)Ithinkyoushould?(2)Well,youcould?(3)Maybeyoushould?(4)Whydon’tyou??(5)Whataboutdoingsth.?(6)You’dbetterdosth.(三)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者過去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。1.構(gòu)成was/were+doing，例如:IwaswatchingTVat9o’clocklastnight.at9o’clocklastnight是時(shí)間點(diǎn)Theywereplayingfootballallafternoon.Practicemakesperfect!allafternoon是時(shí)間段2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞at8o’clocklastnight,thistimeyesterday等。例如:Iwashavinglunchathomethistimeyesterday.昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在吃午飯。Atthattimeshewaswritingabook.那陣子她在寫一本書。(表示她在那段時(shí)間里一直在做那件事情。)(四)間接引語(yǔ)形成步驟:(1)不要逗號(hào)，冒號(hào)，引號(hào)(2)要考慮到人稱的變化(人稱的變化與漢語(yǔ)是一致的)(3)要考慮時(shí)態(tài)的變化(4)要考慮時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)示代詞的變化。1.直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，幾個(gè)主要時(shí)態(tài)的變化規(guī)律直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)2.直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，一些詞匯的變化規(guī)律直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)1.am/is1.was2.are2.were3.have/has3.had4.will4.would5.can5.could6.may6.might4.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和代詞等的變動(dòng)(1).某些代詞，限定詞，表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的副詞和個(gè)別動(dòng)詞在間接引語(yǔ)中的變化規(guī)則:直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)todaythatdaynowthen,atthatmomentyesterdaythedaybeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforetomorrowthenextday/thefollowingdaythedayaftertomorrowtwodaysafter,/intwodaysnextweek/monthetcthenextweek/monthetclastweek/monthetctheweek/monthetc.beforeheretherethisthatthesethosecomegobringtake(2).如果引述動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式，則間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，代詞，限定詞和表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的副詞不用變化。而如果引述動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)，以上內(nèi)容就要有相應(yīng)變化。變化情況如下:現(xiàn)Practicemakesperfect!在時(shí)間推移到過去的時(shí)間(注意:如果直接引語(yǔ)是表示客觀規(guī)律的,那么時(shí)態(tài)仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?一般過去時(shí);?過去進(jìn)行時(shí);現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來時(shí)?過去將來時(shí);現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)?過去完成時(shí);(五)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu):if，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)，將來時(shí)含義:如果??，將要??例如:Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.如果你請(qǐng)求他，他會(huì)幫助你。Ifneedbe,we’llworkallnight.如果需要，我們就干個(gè)通宵。if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。If是連詞，所連接的句子叫條件狀語(yǔ)從句，表示假設(shè)或條件，意思是“如果…的話”，用法如下:1、表示假設(shè)，表示將會(huì)發(fā)生和可能發(fā)生的事，或進(jìn)行提醒警告。句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下:If+句子(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))，+主句(主語(yǔ)will/may/can)+動(dòng)詞)a.Ifyoufinishyourhomework,youcangooutandplay.b.IfIhaveenoughmoneynextyear,Iwillgototravel.2.表示真實(shí)條件、客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象、定理定義.民間諺語(yǔ)等，句型是:If+句子(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))，+主句(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)).例:Ifyoustudyhard,youaresuretosucceed.Ifyouputiceinawarmplace,itturnsintowater.Ifaglassfallsonthefloor,itusuallybreaksIfyoucookabanana,itbecomesverysoft.Ifaplantdon’tgetenoughlight,itgrowsverytallandthin.【試題答案】一.1.A2.C3.C4.C5.D6.A7.B8.C9.A10.C11.B12.B13.D14.D15.B二.1.C2.D3.E4.A5.B三.1.what,advice2.buying,called3.out,of4.about,on5.surprise,on四.1.C2.B3.E4.D5.A五.(A)1.C2.B3.B4.C5.A(B)1.C2.B3.F4.G5.EPracticemakesperfect!實(shí)戰(zhàn)操練(答題時(shí)間:80分鐘)一.選擇填空。()1.Beijingwonthechances_________the2008Olympics.A.tohostB.hostC.hostingD.hosted()2.TigerWoodscanmakebillions______dollarsayear.A.forB.withC.ofD.on()3.,Youlookedsobeautifulattheparty.,_______.A.No,Idon’tthinksoB.OfcourseC.ThankyouverymuchD.No,I’mnotbeautiful()4.Thetextisveryeasyforyou.Thereare______newwordsinit.A.afewB.alittleC.fewD.little()5.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper________“WhoMovedMycheese”wasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.whatC.howD.if()6.,InourEnglishstudyreadingismoreinterestingthanspeaking,Ithink.,Idon’tagree.Speakingis_______reading.A.asimportantasB.soimportantasC.themoreimportantD.themostimportant()7.Ifhe________harder,he’llcatchupwithus.A.workB.worksC.workedD.willwork()8.Themanager________thatthebusinesswouldbeworseafterthestock(股票)wentdown.A.talkedB.toldC.saidD.spoke()9.Weshouldkeep_________inthereading-room.A.quietB.quietlyC.quiteD.quickly()10.,Ithinkeverythinggoesonwell.,_______.A.SoIdoB.IdosoC.SodoID.SoisI()11.IfyouwanttowatchTV,youmayturn_______.A.downB.itonC.onitD.itoff()12.I’msorryIhaven’tgotanymoney.I’ve________myhandbagathome.A.missedB.leftC.putD.forgotten()13.Heislisteningtothemusic_______sheiswashingclothes.A.afterB.beforeC.thatD.while()14.Ittakes________timetogotoBeijingbyplanethanbytrain.A.moreB.fewerC.longerD.less()15.,Excuseme.Haveyougotaneraser?,Sorry,Ihaven’t.Why_______youaskMary?Perhapsshe’sgotone.A.doB.don’tC.didD.didn’tPracticemakesperfect!二.選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鹫Z(yǔ)。_____1.WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOlanded?A.Yourteacherwon’tletyouin._____2.Willpeopleusepapermoneyinthefuture?B.HesaidIcouldn’tstayoutlate._____3.Ican’tsleep,whatshouldIdo?C.Iwasdoingmyhomework._____4.IfIwearjeanstoschool,whatwillhappen?D.No,theywon’t.Everyonewillhaveacreditcard._____5.Whatdidyourfathersay?E.Youshouldlistentosomerelaxingmusic.三.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示填空:1.不知道該怎么辦，你能給我點(diǎn)建議嗎,Idon’tknow__________todo,canyougivemesome_______?2.外星人正在買紀(jì)念品的時(shí)候，我給警察打了個(gè)電話。Whilethealienwas_______asouvenir,I________thepolice.3.我放學(xué)回家的路上，看見一只貓從窗戶里跑了出來。Onmywayhomefromschool,Isawacatget_______________awindow.4.我不想在電話里跟你談?wù)撨@件事情。Idon’twanttotalk_________itwithyou_________thephone.5.我們要在周五晚上為約翰舉辦一個(gè)驚喜的晚會(huì)。Wearegoingtohavea_______partyforJohn________Fridayevening.四.完形填空:把下面五個(gè)句子放在文章中的恰當(dāng)位置，使文章完整。Threemenwentupinaballoon(氣球).TheystartedearlyinLondon.TheheadmanwasTed,andtheothertwomenwereDavyandEmilio.1Soontheyheardthesea.Theywerecarryingtheusualrope(繩子),anditwashangingdownfromthebasketoftheballoon.Attheendoftheropetheyhadtiedametalbox.Thiscouldholdwater,oritcouldbeempty.So2.Itwasforuseoverthesea.Theywerealsocarryingsomebagsofsand.Afterthesunrose,theballoonwenthigher.Itwentupto3,000metres,and3.Thewaterintheballoonbecameice.Snowfellpastthemen’sbasket,andtheycouldseemoresnowontheground.4,butitwashard.Theytriedtobreaktheicysandwiththeirknives,butitwasnoteasy.Theworkwasslowandtheywerestillfalling,sotheyhadtodropsomewholebagsofsand.Oneofthemfellonanicylakeandmadeablackholeintheice.Atlasttheypulledtheboxintothebasket.Itwasstillsnowing;so5.Theyroseto5,100metres!Everythingbecameicy.Theyweresocoldthattheydecidedtoland.TheycamedowninPolandheavilybutsafely.Theyhadtravelled1,797kilometresfromLondon!A.ThementriedtothrowoutsomemoresandB.theywereabletochangeitsweight(重量)C.Theyhadabigballoonandtheywerereadyforalongway.D.theyclimbedtogetawayfromthesnowE.theairtherewasverycold五.閱讀理解Practicemakesperfect!(A)EinsteinWasWaitingforHisFriendOnceEinsteinwaswaitingforoneofhisfriendsonabridge.Hewasthinkingaoblem.Whilehewaswaiting,itbegantorain.Therainkeptonforsometime.WhenEinsteintookoutapieceofpaperfromhispockettowritesomethingdown,thepaperwaswetandthenheknewthatitwasraining.Hisclotheshadbecomewet.Butafterheputthepaperintohispocket,heforgothewasstandingintherainagain.Manyscientistsarenotcarefulwiththeirlives.Thisisbecausetheyaretoocarefulwiththeirstudies.1.WhatdidEinsteindo?Hewas______.A.adoctorB.ateacherC.ascientist2.WhywasEinsteinonabridge.A.Becausehewaswritingsomethingonthebridge.B.Becausehewaswaitingforafriend.C.Becausehewasthinking.3.Itrained_________.A.sometimesB.forsometimeC.foralongtime4.Einstein________andbegantowritesomethingonit.A.boughtapieceofpaper.B.tookapieceofpaperfromhiscar.C.tookoutapieceofpaperfromhispocket.5.Whichistrue?A.Einsteinwascarefulwithhiswork.B.Einsteinwascarefulwithhisclothes.C.Einsteinwascarefulwithhisfriends.(B)生活中總會(huì)有許多意外事故發(fā)生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。請(qǐng)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)1,5小題所描述的救護(hù)方法，從A-G七幅圖中找出與題意相應(yīng)的圖畫(本題共有七幅圖，你只能選五幅圖，多選不給分。)1.Ifthepersonhasstoppedbreathing,youmusttrytostarth