專題04閱讀理解主旨大意題

目錄

題型綜述.........................................................................2

解題攻略.........................................................................3

題型01文章大意題.............................................................3

題型02段落大意題..............................................................5

題型03標(biāo)題歸納題..............................................................7

高考練場(chǎng).........................................................................9

變式演練......................................................

01題型綜述

?題型簡(jiǎn)介

?主旨大意題主要考查考生對(duì)文章中心思想或段落大意的歸納，概括和總結(jié)能力。它要求考生能夠理解文章的整體結(jié)

構(gòu)和主要內(nèi)容，把握作者的寫作意圖。

?這種題型在高考英語(yǔ)閱讀中占有重要地位，因?yàn)樗荏w現(xiàn)考生對(duì)文章全局的把握，是一種高層次的閱讀理解能力考

查。一般來說,每篇閱讀理解文章都會(huì)涉及至少一道主旨大意題，或者與主旨相關(guān)的題目，如最佳標(biāo)題題等。主旨大意

題的設(shè)問方式多樣，位置通常在文章后的題目開頭或結(jié)尾部分,但也可能出現(xiàn)在中間位置。

?命題類型

?文章主旨題：這類題目要求概括整篇文章的中心思想。例如,"What'sthemainideaofthepassage?”或者t4Thepassage

ismainlyabout..?!o答案選項(xiàng)通常是對(duì)文章核心內(nèi)容的綜合表述,涵蓋了文章多個(gè)段落的要點(diǎn)信息。

?段落主旨題：|主要針對(duì)文章中的某一個(gè)段落，考查考生對(duì)該段落中心內(nèi)容的理解。如"What'sthemainpointofthe

thirdparagraph?”。答案往往是該段落主題句的同義替換或者對(duì)段落細(xì)節(jié)信息的概括。

?最佳標(biāo)題題：要求考生從選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)最適合文章的標(biāo)題。像“Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?”。

標(biāo)題要能夠準(zhǔn)確地反映文章的主題，并且具有吸引力，同時(shí)還要簡(jiǎn)潔明了，避免范圍過大或過小。

?解題思路

?尋找主題句法

>位置判斷：主題句在文章中的位置通常有一定規(guī)律。大部分情況下，主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭部分，開門見山地闡述

文章主旨，有些文章主題句在結(jié)尾，起到總結(jié)全文的作用,還有少數(shù)文章主題句在中間，需要結(jié)合上下文來判斷。

>特點(diǎn)把握：主題句一般具有概括性強(qiáng)，涵蓋范圍廣的特點(diǎn)，能夠準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)文章或者段落的核心內(nèi)容。例如，在一篇講

述環(huán)境保護(hù)措施的文章中，開頭的主題句可能是“Variouseffectivemeasureshavebeentakentoprotectthe

environmentinrecentyears."?

?歸納法

>細(xì)節(jié)整合：如果文章沒有明顯的主題句，就需要對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)信息進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。把各個(gè)段落的主要內(nèi)容提煉出來，

尋找它們的共同點(diǎn)或者關(guān)聯(lián)點(diǎn)，從而概括出文章的主旨。

>注意事項(xiàng)：在歸納過程中，要避免遺漏重要信息,同時(shí)也要排除那些只涉及部分內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)。比如，一篇文章分別介紹

了科技對(duì)教育，醫(yī)療和交通的積極影響，歸納主旨時(shí)就要涵蓋這三個(gè)方面，不能只強(qiáng)調(diào)其中一個(gè)領(lǐng)域。

?關(guān)注關(guān)鍵詞法

>高頻詞識(shí)別：注意文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞。這些關(guān)鍵詞往往與文章的主題密切相關(guān)。例如，一篇文章多次出現(xiàn)“AI

（人工智能）”"machinelearning（機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)）”“bigdata（大數(shù)據(jù)）”等詞匯，那么文章主旨很可能是關(guān)于人工智能

技術(shù)及其相關(guān)應(yīng)用的。

>同義替換詞注意：同時(shí)還要留意與這些關(guān)鍵詞意思相近的表達(dá),它們也有助于確定文章主旨。比如，除了“AI”之外，

還出現(xiàn)了"artificialintelligencetechnology”等表達(dá)。

?命題方式

【常見考法】主旨大意題經(jīng)常使用的提問方式有：

1）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

2）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

3）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

4）What'sthefirst/second/third....paragraphmainlyabout?

5）What'sthemainideadiscussedinthefirst/second/third/..paragraph?

02解題攻略

題型oi段落大意題

籍

一,常見設(shè)問方式

?WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?

?Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis.

?Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout.

?WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.l?

?Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

二，首尾兼顧法尋找主題句：

1.段首段尾：段首-主題句多為段首一兩句（觀點(diǎn)或?qū)ο螅?段尾-主題句也常為段尾句（結(jié)論或總結(jié)）。

2.段中：主題句有時(shí)在段中（前面的話是為引出主題）。

3.無主題句：有時(shí)沒有主題句,需根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容自己概括。

典例用近

（2025年長(zhǎng)寧一模）

Unemploymentisasignificantprobleminmanydevelopingcountries.Withoutsteadywork,individualsstruggletoriseout

ofpoverty,andthecommunityasawholealsomissesout.Manyunemployedpeoplecouldhavedonemuchgoodthroughtheir

labouriftheyhadbeengiventheopportunitytocontribute.Worse,withoutopportunitiesforproperemployment,youngpeople

sometimesturntocrimeandviolenceinordertoprovideforthemselves.Thus,givingpeopleopportunitiestoworkisessentialfor

thecommunity'swell-being.

43.Whatisparagraph1mainlyabout?

A.Theroleofthegovernmentincreatingjobopportunities.

B.Theimportanceofeducationforreducingunemploymentrates.

C.Thenecessityofprovidingworkopportunitiestopreventcrime.

D.Theconsequencesofunemploymentonindividualsandcommunities.

題型02文章大意題

提史秘籍

一，提問方式

?Whafsthemainidea/pointofthepassage?

?Thepassageismainlyabout.

?Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout.

?Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?

?Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily.

?Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis.

?Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout.

二，主旨大意歸納法：

1.略讀法：讀文章標(biāo)題，讀首尾段落，讀段落首尾句，留意表句段關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞之后的內(nèi)容。

2.文體法：新聞報(bào)道，議論文和說明文-主題句在首段，記敘文，議論文-主題句一般在尾段。

3.詞語(yǔ)法：在文中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的主題詞。

4.概括法：無主題句的文章，需讀者自己概括大意。

*找主題句的技巧：

1.段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(yǔ)(如however,but,infact,actually等)時(shí)，該句很可能是主題句。

2.首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí)，對(duì)該問句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。

3.作者有意識(shí)地重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨，反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。

4.表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等詞，通常是主旨。

典例剖析

（2025年普陀區(qū)一模）

Summerhill

Thisisastoryofamodemschool——Summerhill.Summerhillbeganasanexperimentalschool.Itisnolongersuch;itisnow

ademonstrationschool,foritdemonstratesthatfreedomworks.WhenmywifeandIbegantheschool,wehadonemain

philosophy:Zomaketheschoolfitthechild-insteadofmakingthechildfittheschool.

Obviously,aschoolthatmakesactivechildrensitatdesksstudyingmostlyuselesssubjectsisabadschool.Itisagood

schoolonlyforthosewhobelieveinsuchaschool,forthoseuncreativecitizenswhowantobedient,uncreativechildrenwho

willfitintoacivilizationwhosestandardofsuccessisfameandfortune.

Ihadtaughtinordinaryschoolsformanyyears.Iknewtheotherwaywell.Iknewitwasallwrong.Itwaswrongbecauseit

wasbasedonanadultconceptionofwhatachildshouldbeandofhowachildshouldlearn.

Well,wesetouttomakeaschoolinwhichweshouldallowchildrenfreedomtobethemselves.Inordertodothis,wehadto

abandonalldisciplines,alldirections,allsuggestions,allmoraltraining,andallreligiousinstructions.Wehavebeencalled

brave,butitdidnotrequirecourage.Allitrequiredwaswhatwehad-acompletebeliefinthechildasagood,notanevil,

being.

Myviewisthatachildisbomwiseandrealistic.Iflefttohimselfwithoutadultsuggestionsofanykind,hewilldevelopas

farasheiscapableofdeveloping.Logically,Summerhillisaplaceinwhichpeoplewhohavetheinherentabilityandwishto

bescholarswillbescholars;whilethosewhoareonlyfittosweepthestreetswillsweepthestreets.Butwehavenotproduceda

streetcleanersofar.NordoIwritethissnobbishly（勢(shì)利的），forIwouldratherseeaschoolproduceahappystreetcleanerthan

ananxiousscholar.

38.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.SummerhillSchoolusesauniqueeducationalapproachcenteredongivingchildrenfreedom.

B.SummerhillSchoolbelieveseverychildhasthepotentialtobecomeasuccessfulscholar.

C.SummerhillSchoolrejectsstrictdisciplineandfocusesonachild-centeredenvironment.

D.SummerhillSchoolchallengesthetraditionalmodelbyemphasizingchildren'sindependence.

（2025年嘉定一模）

Somedishesgiveoffanunmistakableairofelegance.Takeaflawlesslyclearconsomme（清燉肉湯）forinstance.Othersare

lessso,likeapizzawithadensecrust.Andthentherearedishesthatseemtobridgethegap,appearingonmenusacrosstherange

oftasteandclass.Thechocolatefondantisonesuchdessert,lovedforitssimple,richpleasureandluxury.

Thoughdifferentintechnique,bothchefssharedavisionofthefondantasafancy,richtreat,adessertdesignedtosatisfy

boththetastebuds（味蕾）andadesireforelegance.Initially,itwasadelicacyreservedforhigh-enddiningroomsandthemost

exclusiverestaurants.InAmerica,itbecameasymbolofrefineddessertculture,representingaparticularkindofelegance.

46.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Thechocolatefondant'ssimplicitymakesiteasyforchefstoprepare.

B.Thechocolatefondanthasgonefromahigh-enddesserttoacommontreat.

C.ThechocolatefondantoriginatesinFranceandthenspreadtothewholeworld.

D.Thechocolatefondantissuperiortootherdessertsbecauseofitsmoltencenter.

題型03標(biāo)題歸納題

提&秘籍

一，提問方式

?Thebesttitleofthepassageis.

?Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

?Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

?Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis.

二,文章標(biāo)題四大特性：

1.概括性：概括全文，體現(xiàn)主旨.

2.針對(duì)性：內(nèi)涵相符，范圍一致.

3.新穎性：新穎奇特，吸引眼球.

4.簡(jiǎn)短性：名詞短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或祈使句。

文章標(biāo)題干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：斷章取義（僅為文中一細(xì)節(jié)），以偏概全，離題太遠(yuǎn)。

圖后弱

（一）理解標(biāo)題的三大特點(diǎn)：1.概括性一準(zhǔn)確而又簡(jiǎn)短2針對(duì)性一標(biāo)題外延正好與文章內(nèi)容相符,3.

醒目性一能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。

（二）確定文章標(biāo)題：1.正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上,看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能準(zhǔn)確概括主旨2反面否定

法：撇開原文，拿各個(gè)備選項(xiàng)去設(shè)想用它們寫出來的“文章”將是什么內(nèi)容,然后和原文章對(duì)照,一一排除不

符選項(xiàng),3.研讀，比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)：研讀四個(gè)選項(xiàng)里面的中心詞，修飾詞的變化，概括性等。

典例剖析

（2025年長(zhǎng)寧一模）

Weoftenpicturetoday'steensassocial-mediaaddicts.Theystareattheirphones24/7andlashoutwhentheycan'thave

theirWeChatfix.Butthetruthismorecomplicated:Whiletheydependonsocialmediatokeepupwithfriends,itdoeshavea

tendencytomakethemfeelhelplessunderthepressure,andtheyknowit.

WhenIspoketofourstudentsatNotreDameHighSchoolinShermanOaks,Calif.,aspartofmynation-wideteenlistening

tour,theytoldmetheymakeconsciouschoicesaboutwhotheysharethingswithonsocialmedia,howtheymanagetheiraccounts

andhowtheyhandletheirownburnout.

Whileteensgenerallyacknowledgethatsocialmediahelpsthemkeepupwiththeirfriends,around45%ofthemsaythey

feeltroubledbythedramatheyoftenencounter,accordingtoPewResearchCenter.Roughlyfourin10teenagerssaytheyfeel

pressuretopostonlythingsthatshowtheminapositivelightorthatgeneratealotofcommentsorlikes.

TheShermanOaksteensIspokewithsaytheytoohavetakenbreakstoavoidburnout.Theyallhavefriendswhodon'teven

botherwithsocialmedia,andtheysaytheyadmireit.Still,thefearofmissingoutusuallydrawsthemback.Or,asoneofthefour

studentstoldme,“Itkindofgetsalittlelonelyafterawhile.9,

39.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Thedownsideofsocialmedia:Whyteensgetaddicted

B.Thesocialmedia:Moreconnectivitythanisolationamongteens

C.Theunseenconsequencesofsocialmedia:Ateenageperspective

D.Theinfluenceofsocialmedia:Acomprehensiveteenageanalysis

（2025年金山一模）

Iwaswalkinghomewhenawell-dressedmanpolitelystoppedme."CouldyoutellmewhichwaytoBloorand...“He

struggledtogetthenextwordoutwithapainedlook,butIknewbetterthantofinishhissentenceforhim."...Bathurst?99hesaid

afterseveralsecondsoftrying.WhenIanswered,hetoldmethathedidn'tactuallyneedtoknow.Hewaspractisingstuttering（口

吃）openly,heexplained,hopingtobecomemoreconfidentdoingsoaroundstrangers.

Asforme,I'dsaythatmystutterhasnot“magicallydisappeared“becauseI'vesimplyfoundwaystoconceal（隱藏）it.But

Ihaveabettertherapynow-Iwillgrowalongsideit,anidentityinseparablefromthewaythatIspeak.Thinkingaboutthis,I

decidedtotelltheman,whowasstilllookingatmehopefully:“

39.Whafsthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.Mystutter,myselfB.Newdefinitionsforstutter

C.Stutter,alife-changingdisabilityD.Aspecialencounterwithstutterers

03高考練場(chǎng)

題型oi段落大意題

（上海市實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期十月月考試卷）

Theseareknownproblems,andthereareplentyofideasouttheretosolvethem.^tFigure-storming^^isawayforpeopleto

combatgroup-thinkbypretendingtobeaninfluentialpersontryingtoaddresstheproblems.Somesimplerrulesaremuchmore

likelytohelp.Definethelimitsofabrainstormingsessionupfront.Trytomakeaspecificthingworkbetterratherthantoshootfor

theMoon.Involvepeopleyoudon'tknow,aswellasthoseyoudo.Startbygettingpeopletowritetheirideasdowninsilence,so

extrovertsandbosseshavelesschancetodominate.Andbeclearaboutthenextstepsafterthesessionisover;theattractionof

holdinga“designsprint（沖刺）"，aweeklong,clear-the-diarywayforateamtodevelopandtestproductprototypes,isthatthe

threadconnectingideastooutcomesistight.Allofthemwouldmakebrainstormingalittlemorethought-provokingandless

heart-sinking.

46.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Varioussolutionstotheproblemswithbrainstorming.

B.How“figure-storming“contributestobrainstorming.

C.Reasonswhybrainstormingsessionsarepainful.

D.Thought-provokingversusheart-sinking.

（2024年新課標(biāo)高考英語(yǔ)I卷B篇）

“Iamnotcrazy,“saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture（針灸）onarabbit."Iamaheadofmy

Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.

ButFarberiscertainhe'llhavethelastlaugh.He'soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians（獸醫(yī)）now

practicing“holistic“medicine-combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic（按摩療法）and

herbalmedicine.

Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedin

alternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittle

relief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.

Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,he

beganofferingthemtopets.

LeighTindale'sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewasprepared

toputhimtosleep,butFarber'streatmentseasedherdog'ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforan

additionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfbrtably^^

afterachiropracticadjustment.

Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemaybe

right:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.

""Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,,,hesays.t6Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.Thafsmyjob.^^

26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.

B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians9work.

C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.

D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.

題型02文章大意題

（上海市寶山區(qū)上海大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中英語(yǔ)考試）

Almosthalfamillionyoungoak（橡樹）treeshavebeensavedafterTheTimesrevealedtheywereduetobedestroyed

becauseofdelaysingovernmenthelptocreatemorewoodland.

AtreenurserysaidinMarchthatithadbeenunabletofindbuyersfortheoneandtwo-year-oldseedlingsofEngland's

nationaltree.

AfterTheTimesreportedontheplan,dozensofcharities,communitygroupsandindividualsalloverthecountrygotin

touchwithMaelortoaskiftheycouldhelp.

NatashaSomers,avolunteerforSavetheOaks,said,“Thesupportwe'veseenshowshowacommunitycancometogetherin

difficulttimes.It'sclearthatpeoplewanttoactforabetterfuture,onewherehumanityandnatureareconnected.^^

39.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Aprospectiveapproachtoplanting.

B.Anationwideefforttosaveoaktrees.

C.Atreenurserydevotedtopreservingendangeredtrees.

D.Aspeciesoftreesthatarethreatenedwithextinction.

（2024年新課標(biāo)高考英語(yǔ)II卷C篇）

Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftraveland

coveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer'smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,Babylon

Micro-Farm（BMF）shortensitevenmore.

BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,

restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.

Specifically,ifsafarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,

thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducesthe

amountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.

Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod（容器）togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.

Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit'seatenmeanszeroemissions（排放）fromtransportingplantsfrom

soiltosalad.Inaddition,there?snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurrounding

environment.

BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,

theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.ctWearepassionateabout

reducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,9,saidaBMFemployee.

11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.BMFsmajorstrengths.B.BMF'sgeneralmanagement.

C.BMF'sglobalinfluence.D.BMF'stechnicalstandards.

題型03標(biāo)題歸納題

（上海市向明中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中測(cè)試卷）

“Goodmorning,everyone.Goodmorning.9,It's5:30a.m.,andaspeaker-announcementjoltsmeawakefromadeadsleep.

“Wehaveabout20orsohumpbackwhalesoutsideourship.”

Ilaunchmyselfoutofbed,dartingoutofmycabinanduptoaviewingdeck.Theretheyare,archingtheirknobbydorsalfins

gracefullyabovethewaterandcastingtheirflukesintothecrispmorningairbeforetakingashallowdive.Shortlyafter,the

sunriseannouncesitself.Then,icebergsappearoutofthemist.

OnceapostdocandresearchscientistattheUniversityofMichigan,KurtHilligtakesphotosofeverythingfromflowersto

glaciersalongtheway.Recordkeeping."ThisisherenowandI'mherenow,“hesays."I'mtryingtocaptureitbeforeit

disappears,soIcanshareitwithotherpeopleshowthemthisiswhattheworldcouldhavebeen,ifwehadn'tbeensodrivenby

profitinsteadofpleasure.

39.Thebesttitleforthepassageis.

A.Last-ChanceTourismB.ASustainableExpedition

C.EscapingtoEndangeredPlacesD.RiskyAdventures:TheLastFrontier

（2024年全國(guó)高考英語(yǔ)甲卷B篇）

Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals（聲音）thatthey

relyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossess

amazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.If

apetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytend

toproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother's

attentionandbefed.

Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheir

environmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However,

anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyour

faceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.Thatswhymostpetcatsareabletotell

immediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon'tusuallylike.

Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandom

objectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators（食肉動(dòng)物）.

Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit*sbeenintheir

naturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!

7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TipsonFindingaSmartCatB.UnderstandingYourCat'sBehavior

C.HaveFunwithYourCatD.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy

變式演練

（2025年崇明一模）

ThePulitzersareAmericanawardsgivenwithintheUnitedStatesforoutstandingachievementinjournalismaswellas

books,dramaandmusic.Undertheseheadings,thereare22categoriesincludingonlinejournalism,newspaperreporting,

fiction,history,music,drama,poetry,photographyandmore.Recipientscanbeanewsorganization,anindividualoragroupof

people.

Eachofthefirst21winnersreceivesa$15,000cashprizeandacertificate.Thetwenty-secondprize,however,isthe

PublicServicePrize,whichisalwaysgiventoanewsagency.Insteadofcash,thenewsorganizationreceivesthePulitzerGold

Medal.Thenameoftheyear'swinnerisononesideofthecoinandtheyearisontheother.Allwinnersarehonoredand

awardedtheirprizesatanannuallunchparty.TheeventtakesplaceatColumbiaUniversity,whichwasoriginallytaskedwith

administeringtheaward,andusuallyoccursinMay.

Ifithadn,tbeenforaHungarian-AmericannamedJosephPulitzer,theawardswouldneverhavecomeintoexistence.

PulitzerwasbomintoawealthyfamilyinHungaryin1847.HemadehiswaytoAmericaandbuiltacareerinjournalism.He

developedareputationasanambitiousandenergeticyoungjournalist.By1872Pulitzerhadbecomeapublisher,andsixyears

laterheownedanewspapercompany.In1883hepurchasedyetanothernewspaper.Hebecameknownassomeonewhowas

notafraidtotakeapublicstandagainstcorruption（腐?。?

Afterasuccessfulcareerinjournalism,sevenyearsbeforehisdeath,Pulitzerwroteawill,leaving$2,000,000to

ColumbiaUniversity.ThemoneywastoestablishaschoolofjournalismatColumbiaandasetofawards.Pulitzer'sdesirewas

toraisethestandardsofjournalism.Hehopedtheprizewouldactasastimulusforjournaliststoworkforexcellence-then

andintothefuture.

FaithfullyfollowingPulitzer'sinstructions,ColumbiaUniversityawardedtheveryfirstPulitzerPrizesin1917.Today

theseawardsareconsideredsomeofthemostdistinguishedprizesinAmerica.

36.WhatcanbeknownaboutthePulitzers?

A.Theirrecipientsallgetcashprizes.B.Thereare21winnerseachyear.

C.Theyareawardedworldwide.D.Theygobeyondjournalism.

37.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatJosephPulitzer.

A.washumorousandcourageousB.wasraisedupinajournalist9sfamily

C.hadastrongsenseofjusticeD.soughtagoalofproducingwealth

38.Pulitzerestablishedtheprizesmainlyto.

A.facilitatebetterjournalismB.diversifywaysofaccesstojournalism

C.supportColumbiaUniversityD.stimulatepeopletobecomejournalists

39.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.PulitzerPrizes:JosephPulitzer'sLifetimeAmbition

B.PulitzerPrizes:SomeofAmerica'sGreatestHonors

C.PulitzerPrizes:AwardsforDistinguishedJournalists

D.PulitzerPrizes:AnnualEventsatColumbiaUniversity

（2025年青浦一模）

Humandoctorsperformamputations,surgicalremovalsofanarm,leg,orfinger,afteraseriousinjury.Butnewresearch

showsthatsomeantsperformamputationsoninjuredantstohelpthemsurviveaninjury.Thebehaviorwasdocumentedin

Floridacarpenterants.

TwocarpenterantsareseeninalaboratoryattheUniversityofLausanne.Scientistssaidtheyeithercleanedthewound

usingtheirmouthpartsoramputatedthelimb,orleg,bybitingitoff.Thechoiceofcaredependedontheinjury'slocation.

Whenitwasfurtheruptheleg,theyalwaysamputated.Whenitwasfurtherdown,theyneveramputated.

ErikFrankoftheUniversityofWurzburginGermanyistheleadwriteroftheresearch.Franksaidthestudydescribes4tfbr

thefirsttimehowanon-humananimalusesamputationsonanotherindividualtosavetheirHebelieves"thattheants'

"medicalsystem'tocarefortheinjuredisthemostcomplicatedintheanimalkingdom,9,andcompareswelltohuman

medicine.

'Injuriesfurtherdowntheleghaveanincreasedflowofhemolymph（血淋巴）,“Franksaid.Soharmfulbacteriacanenter

thebodyafteronlyfiveminutes.Anamputationwouldnothelpinfectionafterthattime.Hecontinued,"Injuriesfurtherupthe

leghaveamuchslowerhemolymphflow,givingenoughtimefortimelyandeffectiveamputations.^^

Thestudyfoundthatafteranupperleginjury,anantthatexperiencesamputationhasasurvivalrateof90to95percent.

Forlowerleginjuriesinwhichjustcleaningwasperformed,thesurvivalratewasabout75percent,comparedtoabout15

percentforinjuriesthatreceivednocare.

Antscanfunctionwellwithoutoneoftheirsixlegs.Andonlyfemaleantsperformthetreatmentofwoundsbycleaningor

amputation.€tAllworkerantsarefemale.Malesplayonlyaminorroleinantcommunity,Franksaid.

Sowhydoantsdotheseamputations?Franksaid,"Thereisaverysimpleevolutionaryreasonforcaringfortheinjured.It

savesresources.Henotedthatifanantcouldbesavedwithlittleefforttoremainproductive,"'thereisaveryhighvalueof

doingso.^^"Atthesametime,ifanindividualistooheavilyinjured,theantswillnotcareforher,butratherleaveherbehindto

die,^^Frankadded.

43.Thetypeoftreatmentsappliedtoinjuredantsdependson.

A.howthemedicalsystemoftheantsisdeveloped

B.whethertheantstillremainsproductiveandvaluable

C.whichkindofantsperformsthetreatmentsofwounds

D.whethertheantsuffersfromanupperleginjuryoralowerone

44.Whatcanweinferfromthesurvivalratesmentioned